International audience ; The period that starts from the American Civil War (1861) and ends at the end of hostilities of World War I (1918) marks a break in the contemporary military history. Like any turning point in history, it is the result of a process that culminates in the final stages of the war and, in particular, in the Battle of Jutland (between May and June 1916) and in the Adriatic Campaign (May 1915 – November 1918). In this paper, after some preliminary terminological and methodological approach, we will analyze the "technical evolution" and the "tactical revolution", paying particular attention to the context where it takes place (the Adriatic) and to the new military instruments, vehicles and warships, presenting also some important historical events.
In the UK context, the Research Assessment Exercise (RAE) has been developed as a means of evaluating research performance. This reflects a growing international interest in such evaluation. This article explores emerging tensions between such external review processes and increasing interest in, and efforts to conduct, participatory and emancipatory research in fields such as nursing and social work. We argue that the pressure from such demands, and the resulting outcomes, risk undermining such research and efforts to develop more equal research relationships that can address power imbalances with people who use services. The article examines prevalent academic demands arising from responses to successive RAEs and briefly explores the rationale for participatory and emancipatory research approaches.
This paper studies the effects of the Lisbon Strategy on the way in which national executives co-ordinate EU policy at the domestic level. Comparing seven countries (Denmark, the United Kingdom [UK], Austria, Slovenia, Spain, France and Poland) it finds evidence that the Lisbon Strategy has been advancing (further) centralization and politicization in national patterns of EU policy co-ordination, empowering core executives. The Lisbon Strategy's ideational elements ('grand' goals and politically visible targets) as well as organizational requirements (Spring Council, national programming and annual reports) are factors behind this phenomenon. These results have implications for the literature on Europeanization, international politics, and governance studies in what is eminently an empirical research agenda about how far and how changes in international governance architectures affect the redistribution of power within national executives. Adapted from the source document.
This book explores the transformation of the political organization of the world as manifest in different spheres of world politics, in particular, in world politics, regional studies, interaction of MNCs and government agencies, and state responses to biogenic challenges. To achieve this goal, M. Lebedeva proposes the concept of a political organization of the world, which in modern conditions is in the process of transformation. The transformation of the political organization of the world is accompanied by megatrends (globalization, integration, democratization) and the opposite trends (de-globalization disintegration, dedemocratization). Interdisciplinary in nature, this book brings together scholars from Russia, the United States, and Canada, and provides a compelling perspective on the geopolitics of our time. Marina Lebedeva graduated from the Moscow State University, 1977, received her PhD in 1981 and became Doctor of Political Science in 1993. She is the head of the World Politics Department, Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO-University). Marina Lebedeva is author and co-author of more than 400 academic publications, including books. Vladimir Morozov is Associate professor at the Department of Diplomacy and holds the position of Vice-President for HR. He has a PhD in History and has been working at MGIMO since 2002 with a short break in 2004-2007 when he was assigned to the Embassy of the Russian Federation to Israel.
The contents of the book are assembled from selected papers presented during the International Conference on Isotopes in Environmental Studies AQUATIC FORUM 2004 convened in Monaco from 25 to 29 October 2004, which was the most important gathering of the year of isotope environmental scientists. The book reviews the present state of the art isotopic methods for better understanding of key processes in the aquatic environment, responsible for its future development and its protection. The main highlights include the latest developments in the study of the behaviour, transport and distribution of isotopes in the aquatic environment, recent climate change records using isotopic tracers in the environment, global isotopic oceanic studies, new trends in radioecological investigations and modelling, impact of groundwater-seawater interactions on coastal zones, groundwater dynamics and modelling, important for management of freshwater resources, development of new isotopic techniques, such as AMS, RIMS and ICPMS, and their applications in environmental studies, new trends in radiometrics underground techniques, new in situ radiometrics technologies and many other exciting topics which were presented and discussed during the Conference. The proceedings constitute an important contribution to the environmental isotopic research. In publishing this book the aim is to make the use of isotopes more widespread in the environmental disciplines and to further stimulate work in this exciting field
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Introduction:Successful advocacy requires research. Advocacy organizations need to gather evidence to show the extent of a particular social problem, the lack of official response to the problem, and solutions that could be fostered from the ground up. The process of gathering information and using it for political advocacy has been termed "information politics" (Keck & Sikkink 1998). In the past two decades, civil society organizations have played an increasingly prominent role in global educational advocacy and governance (Mundy & Murphy 2001; Mundy 2007). Civil society organizations carry out a significant amount of research into the (lack of) progress made on Education for All goals, monitoring and evaluating education policy and practice at local, national and regional levels, and offering alternative approaches to meet EFA targets. Yet little has been done to examine the evidence-gathering process to see what it can tell us about the role of advocacy research in education policy and the wider role of civil society in global educational change.This paper seeks to contribute to our understanding of evidence-based advocacy and educational governance. In order to do so, I examine information politics as carried out by two civil society organizations in the Education for All (EFA) movement. One is ActionAid International, a large international development NGO originally based in the UK but now headquartered in Johannesburg. The other is the Asian South Pacific Association for Basic and Adult Education (ASPBAE), a regional network of education practitioners and activists currently headquartered in Mumbai. I explore one example of information politics carried out by each of my case study organizations: ActionAid's International Benchmarks on Adult Literacy, and ASPBAE's Asia South-Pacific Education Watch. My intention here is to shed light on how information is collected and disseminated by advocacy NGOs, and what this tells us about the internal dynamics and strategies of these organizations as well as ...
Recent case law on sexual violence crimes heard before the ad hoc international criminal tribunals and courts, that interpret them in connection with ethnic conflict, raises the question of which acts can be defined as sexual violence. The International Criminal Court (ICC), in the situation of Kenya, does not regard acts of forced nudity, forcible circumcision and penile amputation as sexual violence when they are motivated by ethnic prejudice and intended to demonstrate the cultural superiority of one tribe over another. The Court argues that not every act of violence that targets parts of the body commonly associated with sexuality should be considered an act of sexual violence. This recent interpretation of what counts as sexual violence provides another example of the complicity of international criminal law institutions in the ongoing construction process of female subordination. The ICC, in the Kenya situation, implicitly confirms the mutilation of female agency by interpreting penile amputation as a kind of power game between males, and by instrumentalizing the male sexual organ as an indicator of masculinity and manhood.
Territorial modernity signifies the transformation of the space of fluidity into territories or geometric grids of permanence. Border in International Relations with its constructed disciplinary gaze performs the role of a spatial unit and a decidable between a set of mutually reinforcing dualisms. In mainstream IR theory encrusted within the Western hegemonic discourse, transformations that exemplify the process of territorialization supplements the grammar of territorial epistemology. However, the ontology of the modern bounded 'political' marginalizes and makes invisible alternative mode of being. In post-colonial practices of South Asia, the dispositif of territorial modernity as a universal discourse and the 'international' is suggestive of resistance and contestations articulated via certain categories of bodies. This is prominent at the periphery of the post-colonial nation-states, as the actions of certain recalcitrant bodies often problematize the reified international. By taking the case study of the chars or river islands that often shift their location along India–Bangladesh riverine border, the paper also seeks to understand the political in these zones of indistinction and its (dis) association with the normative space that territoriality enacted in the first place.
This paper explores the nexus between democracy and national security in Nigeria. This is against the backdrop of the growing globally tenable optimism that holds that democracy is a desideratum for national progress and sustainability. By way of descriptive analysis of secondary sources, the paper posits that there is an integral and indispensable relationship between democracy and national security. Comprehending national security in terms of sustainable development, the paper argues that democracy in Nigeria should aspire towards leveraging potentials for sustainable national development in such a manner that guarantees enduring national sustainability. DOI:10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n4p495
Mycotoxins represent a risk to the feed supply chain with an impact on economies and international trade. A high percentage of feed samples have been reported to be contaminated with more than one mycotoxin. In most cases, the concentrations were low enough to ensure compliance with the European Union (EU) guidance values or maximum admitted levels. However, mycotoxin co-contamination might still exert adverse effects on animals due to additive/synergistic interactions. Studies on the fate of mycotoxins during cereal processing, such as milling, production of ethanol fuels, and beer brewing, have shown that mycotoxins are concentrated into fractions that are commonly used as animal feed. Published data show a high variability in mycotoxin repartitioning, mainly due to the type of mycotoxins, the level and extent of fungal contamination, and a failure to understand the complexity of food processing technologies. Precise knowledge of mycotoxin repartitioning during technological processes is critical and may provide a sound technical basis for feed managers to conform to legislation requirements and reduce the risk of severe adverse market and trade repercussions. Regular, economical and straightforward feed testing is critical to reach a quick and accurate diagnosis of feed quality. The use of rapid methods represents a future challenge.
Mycotoxins represent a risk to the feed supply chain with an impact on economies and international trade. A high percentage of feed samples have been reported to be contaminated with more than one mycotoxin. In most cases, the concentrations were low enough to ensure compliance with the European Union (EU) guidance values or maximum admitted levels. However, mycotoxin co-contamination might still exert adverse effects on animals due to additive/synergistic interactions. Studies on the fate of mycotoxins during cereal processing, such as milling, production of ethanol fuels, and beer brewing, have shown that mycotoxins are concentrated into fractions that are commonly used as animal feed. Published data show a high variability in mycotoxin repartitioning, mainly due to the type of mycotoxins, the level and extent of fungal contamination, and a failure to understand the complexity of food processing technologies. Precise knowledge of mycotoxin repartitioning during technological processes is critical and may provide a sound technical basis for feed managers to conform to legislation requirements and reduce the risk of severe adverse market and trade repercussions. Regular, economical and straightforward feed testing is critical to reach a quick and accurate diagnosis of feed quality. The use of rapid methods represents a future challenge.
In line with Joko Widodo's vision to position Indonesia as the 'Global Maritime Fulcrum' by 2045, the Indonesian government through the Ministry of Education and Culture has initiated the proposal of nominating the Spice Route (Jalur Rempah) as World Heritage in 2017 to UNESCO. This article aims to show the dynamic process of redefining national identity through the Spice Route narrative, which is full of contestation between the state, society, and the market. Previous studies have shown that the process of reproduction of nationalism through the reconstruction of national history and national identity is now no longer always initiated by the elite. Democratization and globalization also provide space for civil society to reinterpret their ideal image of Indonesia. Methods used in this qualitative research included auto-ethnography through participant observation, in-depth interviews, literature studies, comparison, and visual communication design analysis of form-content-context, both descriptively and reflectively. In conclusion, instead of being a political-ideological narrative, the Spice Route narrative is reinterpreted in a new domain: the creative industry. It has become a source of inspiration for branding commercial products, feature films and documentaries, community activities, festivals, educational curricula, and at the same time included in the content of Indonesian cultural diplomacy through gastronomy, all of which require a contribution of design. This article examines the extent to which the Spice Route narrative, seemingly intended as a nation brand, is able to reconstruct and redefine the national identity of Indonesia. ; Sejalan dengan visi Joko Widodo untuk memposisikan Indonesia sebagai poros maritim dunia pada tahun 2045, pemerintah Indonesia melalui Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan telah menggagas pengusulan Jalur Rempah sebagai Warisan Dunia sejak 2017 ke UNESCO. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menunjukkan dinamika dari proses redefinisi identitas melalui narasi Jalur Rempah yang ...
In: Vestnik Rossijskogo universiteta družby narodov: naučnyj žurnal. Serija Meždunarodnye otnošenija = Series International relations, Band 22, Heft 2, S. 238-255
With the development of information and communication technologies (ICTs), the Internet has become increasingly important in terms of national security, economic development, and global leadership. Apparently, conflicts and contentious issues in cyberspace requires creating rules and development of regulation. The authors examine the process of making up rules in cyberspace from the perspective of M. Castells' network society theory and B. Buzan' securitization theory. According to M. Castells, key challenges have gradually altered in the network society and power relations and social management are based on the control of communication and information which embraces a network society. Furthermore, the authors investigate the development of the Internet in the context of securitization theory. It is stressed that cyberspace has become a full-fledged political space with the central position of digital sovereignty and information security. The article for the first time proposes a comprehensive periodization of international relations' transformation in cyberspace. Afterwards, the authors consider the appearance of tensions between actors in cyber space, which include political and economic threats. It encourages state actors to establish a preliminary regulation and to agree on norms regulating state behavior in cyberspace. These mechanisms have become a venue for promoting different concepts of cyber law and establishing legal regimes. In conclusion the authors analyze the hierarchy of actors in global Internet governance to assess the actors' influence on the establishment of legal regimes in cyberspace. The main assessment criteria are as follows: ability to influence global production chains of high-tech goods, ability to conduct offensive and defensive cyber operations, and influence on the formation of international legal regimes. The authors divide actors into two major groups - rule-markers capable of influencing the global information space and constructing legal regimes, and rule-takers that are an object of great powers competition in cyberspace.
