Suchergebnisse

The article examines the local authorities in the Old Rus state at the end of IX–XIII centuries, their structure and features. It is established that the decimal system did not separate the central government from the local, until the X century the local government was carried out by the voivodes of the prince's druzhyna (retinue) – tysatsky, sotsky and desyatsky (thousands, hundreds, tens) who were appointed by the Grand Duke and elected officials – elders (village elders) in the villages. The basis of local self-government consisted of communities of towns and villages and their main body was viche which decided all the most important issues and elders were elected. After the administrative reforms of the X century the territory of Rus was divided into lands-principalities with their own devison into volosts (districts) and pogosts (churchyards). During that time the management in large cities was carried out by the mayors of the Grand Duke – princely sons, muji (authorized prince's people), local princes and princes-leaders, volostels in volosts, governors of the prince in pogosts (churchyards) also elected officials – tysatsky and sotsky in cities and elders in villages. At that time, the state was a multilevel system of territorial communities in which one can distinguish the communities of the older city, the communities of its subordinate younger cities (suburbs) and rural communities (vervi). The self-government of the community of the older city, smaller cities and volost were inseparable, but the main bearer of power was the community of the older city. The viche traditions remained unchanged in towns and villages where all the most important issues were decided by the viche and elders were also elected there. It is established that during the XI–XII centuries the palace-patrimonial system of government was introduced which for some time coexisted with the decimal system, but later completely supplanted it. The prince's palace became a political and administrative center of government not only at the central but also at the local level. In large cities, volosts and pogosts, the palace with all officials has become a typical model of local authority. Princely, boyar and church land ownership became more and more widespread. There was a patrimonial form of ownership, according to which the land could be alienated together with its population and the owner of the land also received the right to exercise the local authority. From the XII–XIII centuries the Old Rus state became a typical suzerain-vassal monarchy and the Grand Duke ruled on the spot through his vassals – local (udylniy) princes and boyars. ; У статті досліджено органи місцевої влади в Давньоруській державі кінця IX–XIII століть, їхню структуру й особливості. Установлено, що десяткова система не розділяла центральне управління від місцевого, а владу на місцях до X століття здійснювали воєводи князівської дружини – тисяцькі, соцькі та десяцькі, які призначались великим князем, і виборні посадові особи – старці (старости) у селах. Основу місцевого самоврядування становили громади міст і сіл, а їхнім головним органом було віче, на якому вирішува-лись усі найважливіші питання й обиралися старці. Після адміністративних реформ X століття територія Русі була поділена на землі-князівства, а ті, у свою чергу, на волості та погости. Управління у великих містах тоді здійснювали посадники великого князя – князівські сини, мужі, місцеві князі та князі-вожді, волостелі у волостях, намісники князя в погостах, а також виборні посадові особи – тисяцькі та соцькі в містах і старости в селах. На той час держава являла собою багаторівневу систему територіальних громад, у якій можна виокремити громади старшого міста, громади підпорядкованих їй молодших міст (передмість) і сільські громади (верви). Самоврядування громади старшого міста, менших міст і волості були нероздільними, однак головним носієм влади виступала саме громада старшого міста. Незмінними в містах і селах лишились вічові традиції, де всі найважливіші питання вирішувались на віче, там же обирались і старости. Встановлено, що впродовж XI–XII століть відбувалось упровадження двірцево-вотчинної сис-теми управління, яка деякий час співіснувала з десятковою, але згодом цілком її витіснила. Князів-ській двір перетворився на політичний і адміністративний центр управління державою, не лише на центральному, а й на місцевому рівнях. У великих містах, волостях і погостах двір з усіма посадов-цями став типовою моделлю місцевої влади. Усе більшого поширення набувало князівське, боярське та церковне землеволодіння. Виникла вотчинна форма власності, за якою землю можна було відчу-жувати разом з її населенням, а власник землі також отримував право на здійснення місцевої влади. У ХІІ–XIII століттях Давньоруська держава перетворилась на типову сюзеренно-васальну монархію, а великий князь здійснював управління на місцях через своїх васалів – місцевих (удільні) князів і бояр.

The study of the normative model of forensic control proceedings concerning consideration by the investigating judge of complaints against decisions, actions or inaction of the investigator, investigator or prosecutor was conducted. The imperfection of legal regulation in this part has been established, which, in particular, consists in the lack of legal certainty in the issue of procedural status of the complainant. This gap in the legislation forces investigating judges in the court hearing to clarify the rights and obligations of such a person at their own discretion, since a memo on his rights and obligations has not been developed so long. It is proposed the rights of a person, on the petition or complaint of which the court proceedings are carried out, to consider: the right to be informed about the time and place of the trial, the right to participate in a court hearing; the right to declare a visit to the court; the right to ask questions to the investigator or prosecutor on the issues that are the subject of the trial; the right to use the legal assistance of a lawyer whose powers are confirmed in accordance with the requirements specified in Article 50 CPC; the right to give explanations in the native or other language he speaks and use the help of a translator; the right to use notes and documents when providing explanations; the right to get acquainted with the materials that may be provided in the court hearing by the investigator, investigator or prosecutor; the right to speak in court debates; the right to get acquainted with the journal of the court hearing and the technical record of the court hearing; the right to receive a copy of the court decision. Such a person isobliged: to arrive on the call of the investigating judge to participate in the court hearing, to obey the legal requirements and orders of the investigating judge. The issue of legal consequences of the complainant's refusal from the complaint is investigated. Attention was drawn to the absence of the CPC's ability to close proceedings on these grounds. The powers of the investigating judge to make both final decisions and interim ones have been determined. The exclusion from the doctrinal definitions of the instruction on the procedure of judicial consideration of the complaint (holding a court hearing) as a mandatory precondition for making the final court decision is proposed; supplemented the proposals of the list of final decisions of the investigating judge: decisions on the return of the complaint to the person who filed it and the refusal to open proceedings on the complaint. ; Проведено дослідження нормативної моделі судово-контрольного провадження щодо розгляду слідчим суддею скарг на рішення, дії чи бездіяльність дізнавача, слідчого чи прокурора. Встановлено недосконалість правового регулювання в цій частині, що, зокрема, полягає у відсутності правової визначеності в питанні процесуального статусу скаржника. Ця прогалина в законодавстві змушує слідчих суддів у судовому засіданні роз'яснювати права й обов'язки такої особи на власний розсуд, оскільки дотепер не розроблена пам'ятка про її права й обов'язки. Запропоновано правами особи, за клопотанням або скаргою якої здійснюється судове провадження, уважати: право бути поінформованою про час і місце судового розгляду, право брати участь у судовому засіданні; право заявляти відвід складу суду; право ставити питання слідчому чи прокурору з питань, які є предметом судового розгляду; право користуватися правовою допомогою адвоката, повноваження якого підтверджуються відповідно до вимог, визначених у статті 50 Кримінального процесуального кодексу; право давати пояснення рідною або іншою мовою, якою вона володіє, і користуватися допомогою перекладача; право користуватися нотатками і документами під час надання пояснень; право знайомитися з матеріалами, які можуть бути надані в судовому засіданні слідчим, дізнавачем або прокурором; право виступати в судових дебатах; право знайомитися із журналом судового засідання і технічним записом судового засідання; право отримувати копію судового рішення. Така особа зобов'язана: прибути за викликом слідчого судді для участі в судовому засіданні, підкорятися законним вимогам та розпорядженням слідчого судді. Досліджене питання правових наслідків відмови скаржника від скарги. Звернено увагу на відсутність у Кримінальному процесуальному кодексі можливості закриття провадження із цих підстав. Визначені повноваження слідчого судді щодо ухвалення як підсумкових рішень, так і проміжних. Запропоновано виключення з доктринальних визначень вказівки на процедуру судового розгляду скарги (проведення судового засідання) як обов'язкову передумову винесення підсумкового судового рішення; доповнено пропозиції переліку підсумкових рішень слідчого судді: рішеннями про повернення скарги особі, яка її подала, і про відмову у відкритті провадження за скаргою.

В статье (кейсе) освещается опыт регионального отраслевого университета по оптимизации кадрового состава, обусловленной необходимостью выполнить требования федерального законодательства и улучшить качество высшего образования, а также наметить перспективы кадровой стратегии на будущее. Методологической основой исследования является системный подход, позволивший комплексно оценить качественные изменения в кадровом составе вуза, а использование метода ситуационного анализа во многом способствовало повышению объективности полученных результатов. Кроме того, исследователями применялись следующие методы: изучение нормативно-правовых документов, определяющих деятельность высшего учебного заведения; анализ теоретических источников по вопросам управления образовательными учреждениями, менеджмента в сфере человеческих ресурсов; математическое моделирование и анализ статистических данных; метод социального прогнозирования. Теоретическая значимость исследования заключается в уточнении понятия «оптимизация кадрового состава» и во введении в научный тезаурус понятия «оптимизация кадрового состава университета»; в выявлении основных принципов оптимизации кадрового состава университета и в обосновании причин, вызвавших этот процесс, связанный в основном с демографической, социально-экономической ситуацией в нашей стране и с задачами по реформированию системы высшего образования. Также в статье проанализировано понятие «кадровая стратегия вуза» и выделены составляющие данной стратегии, ориентированные на сохранение академических традиций и создание условий для повышения компетентности кадрового состава, на стимулирование преподавателей к интенсификации своей деятельности. На примере регионального университета проведен анализ количественных и качественных изменений в кадровом обеспечении образовательного процесса (по показателям наличия ученых степеней и званий, соответствия квалификации НПР профилю преподаваемых дисциплин и т. д.); изучена действенность ряда новых механизмов, внедренных в практику работы вузов с целью актуализации требований к отбору кандидатов на преподавательские должности. Научная значимость исследования состоит в представлении модели оптимизации кадрового состава регионального университета, включающей несколько логически связанных этапов исследовательского, нормативного, практического и социального характера, позволяющих осуществить этот процесс наиболее эффективно. Сформулированы рекомендации по совершенствованию кадровой стратегии и по планомерному повышению качества кадрового обеспечения образовательного процесса. Новизна работы: показан системный характер работы с ППС в процессе оптимизации кадрового состава в соответствии с кадровой стратегией вуза. Статья может быть полезна исследователям и руководству вузов, занимающимся кадровыми вопросами и управлением персоналом. ; The article (a case) highlights the experience of the regional university in staff optimization caused by the requirements of federal legislation to improve the quality of higher education and to outline the personnel strategy prospects for the future. The methodological basis of the study is the systematic approach, which made it possible to comprehensively assess the qualitative changes in the university staff; the use of the method of situational analysis largely contributed to an increase in the objectivity of the results obtained. Besides, the researchers used the following methods: the study of legislative documents that determine the activities of a higher educational institution; the analysis of theoretical papers on the management of educational institutions and on human resource management; the method of mathematical modelling and the analysis of statistical data, the method of social forecasting. The study comes to be theoretically significant, as it clarifies the concept of «staff optimization» and introduces the concept of «university staff optimization» as a new scientific term. The research also distinguishes the basic principles of university staff optimization and substantiates the reasons that caused this process, mainly related to the demographic, social and economic situation in our country and the tasks of reforming the higher education system. The article also examines the concept of «university personnel strategy» and highlights its components, focused on preserving academic traditions, on creating conditions for increasing the staff competency and on encouraging the faculty to intensify their activity. On the example of the regional university, there is carried out an analysis of quantitative and qualitative changes in the educational process staffing (in terms of academic degrees and titles, faculty compliance with the profile of the disciplines taught, etc.); the effectiveness of a number of new mechanisms introduced into the universities' practice in order to update the requirements for the selection of candidates for teaching positions is studied. Thus appearing to be scientifically significant, the paper presents a regional university staff optimization model, which includes several logically related stages, allowing this process to be carried out most effectively: scientific, normative, practical and social. The recommendations to improve the personnel strategy and systematically enhance the quality of personnel in the educational process are formulated. The work is original, as it shows the systemic nature of work with the faculty when optimizing the staff in accordance with the university's personnel strategy. The article might be of use for university leaders and researchers working on personnel issues and personnel management.

O mobiliário escolar é reconhecido como um dos símbolos da educação moderna e ocupou um lugar de destaque em projetos de escolarização da infância no ocidente, principalmente a partir da segunda metade do século XIX. Dentre os diferentes artefatos idealizados para atender exigências pedagógicas e higiênicas, selecionamos a carteira escolar como o fio condutor das análises desenvolvidas neste artigo por entendermos que, além do destaque recebido em impressos em circulação, ela foi considerada nesse período como um dos elementos essenciais para a (con)formação de práticas e condutas. Nessa direção, este trabalho tem como objetivo identificar, em discursos que circularam em Exposições Universais em diferentes formatos, elementos que caracterizavam a carteira escolar adequada para o desenvolvimento de práticas pedagógicas. Para tanto, são analisados relatórios de Exposições Universais, catálogos de indústrias e dicionários pedagógicos, os quais auxiliaram na identificação de argumentos que defendiam a construção de carteiras escolares que atendessem a um padrão de exigências veiculadas em eventos desse porte. Nessa empreitada foi possível observar um efeito de transbordamento de exigências difundidas nas Exposições Universais no que se refere a saberes e tecnologias empregados na construção de móveis escolares, assim como a elaboração de um conjunto de estratégias que visavam à adequação de escolas primárias de acordo com os modelos referenciados como ideais para a escolarização da infância.Palavras-chave: Mobiliário escolar. Exposições universais. Cultura material escolar.Is the school desk "fit for its destiny"? arguments and requirements on school furniture in Universal ExhibitionsABSTRACTSchool furniture is recognized as one of the symbols of modern education and has occupied a prominent place in childhood schooling projects in the West, mainly from the second half of the 19th century. Among the different artifacts designed to meet pedagogical and hygienic requirements, we selected the school desk as the guiding thread of the analyses conducted in this article because we understand that, in addition to the prominence that it received in printed documents in circulation, it was considered in this period as one of the essential elements for the (con)formation of practices and conducts. In this sense, this work aims to identify, in discourses that circulated in Universal Exhibitions in different formats, elements that characterized the school desk fit for the development of pedagogical practices. For this purpose, reports of Universal Exhibitions, catalogs of industries and pedagogical dictionaries are analyzed, which helped in the identification of arguments that advocated the construction of school desks that met a standard of demands conveyed in such events. In this task, it was possible to observe an overflowing effect of demands disseminated in the Universal Exhibitions with regard to knowledge and technologies employed in the construction of school furniture, as well as the elaboration of a set of strategies aimed at the adequacy of primary schools in accordance with the models referred to as ideal for the schooling of childhood.Keywords: School furniture. Universal Exhibitions. School material culture. ¿Es el pupitre escolar "adecuado para su destino"? argumentos y exigencias sobre el mobiliario escolar en Exposiciones UniversalesRESUMENEl mobiliario escolar es reconocido como uno de los símbolos de la educación moderna y ha ocupado un lugar prominente en los proyectos de escolarización de la infancia en Occidente, principalmente desde la segunda mitad del siglo XIX. Entre los diferentes artefactos diseñados para satisfacer las exigencias pedagógicas e higiénicas, seleccionamos el pupitre escolar como el hilo conductor de los análisis desarrollados en este artículo porque se entiende que, además del énfasis recibido en impresos en circulación, se consideró en este período como uno de los elementos esenciales para la (con)formación de prácticas y conductas. En esta dirección, este artículo pretende identificar, en los discursos que circularon en Exposiciones Universales en diferentes formatos, elementos que caracterizaron el pupitre escolar adecuado para el desarrollo de prácticas pedagógicas. Para ello, se analizan informes de Exposiciones Universales, catálogos de industrias y diccionarios pedagógicos, los cuales ayudaron en la identificación de argumentos que abogaban por la construcción de pupitres escolares que atendieran un patrón de demandas transmitidas en tales eventos. En esta investigación fue posible observar un efecto desbordante de las demandas difundidas en las Exposiciones Universales con respecto a los conocimientos y tecnologías empleadas en la construcción de muebles escolares, así como la elaboración de un conjunto de estrategias dirigidas a la adecuación de las escuelas primarias de acuerdo con los modelos considerados ideales para la escolarización de la infancia.Palabras clave: Mobiliario escolar. Exposiciones Universales. Cultura material escolar.

RESUMOO presente artigo examina episódios e iniciativas que possibilitaram o agendamento do combate ao racismo e outras demandas do Movimento Negro brasileiro no final do século XX, culminando na política de promoção da igualdade racial. O texto debruça-se em especial sobre a política de educação para as relações étnico-raciais. Uma inovação institucional em termos de política curricular. O aporte teórico alicerça-se na teoria do processo político, no modelo dos múltiplos fluxos e no debate sobre federalismo. A análise efetivou-se mediante o esquadrinhamento de fontes secundárias: a produção acadêmica disponível (artigos, teses e dissertações) e documentos públicos (legislação e planos de elaborados pelos agentes públicos e documentos produzidos pelo Movimento Negro). Os resultados evidenciam que a implementação da política de educação para as relações raciais enfrenta óbices de natureza institucional e política, como, por exemplo, a ausência de uma estrutura de incentivos que promova a adesão dos entes federativos, além de, sobretudo, deparar com o que pretende destruir: o próprio racismo nas mais distintas facetas.Agendamento. Relações Étnico-Raciais. Política Curricular. Inovação Institucional. ABSTRACTThis article examines episodes and initiatives that enabled the topic of fighting racism and other demands from the Brazilian Black Movement to be placed on the agenda in the late 20th century, culminating in policy to promote racial equality. The paper addresses education policy for ethnic-racial relations. This was an institutional innovation in terms of curricular policy. The theoretical contribution is based on political process theory, the multiple flow model and the debate on federalism. The analysis was conducted by investigating secondary sources: the academic production available (articles, theses and dissertations) and public documents (legislation and plans prepared by public officials and documents produced by the Black Movement). The results demonstrate that the introduction of education policy for racial relations faces obstacles of an institutional and political nature, such as the absence of a structure of incentives that promotes adherence by the federative units, and, above all, encountering what it intends to destroy: the distinctive aspects of racism.Agenda Setting. Ethnic/Racial Relations. Curricular Policy. Institutional Innovation. RESUMENEste artículo analiza episodios e iniciativas que permitieron poner en la agenda la lucha contra el racismo y otras demandas del Movimiento Negro Brasileño a fines del siglo XX, culminando con la política de promoción de la igualdad racial. El texto se centra en particular en la política de educación para las relaciones étnico-raciales. Una innovación institucional en términos de política curricular. El aporte teórico se basa en la teoría del proceso político, en el modelo de múltiples flujos y en el debate sobre el federalismo. El análisis se llevó a cabo mediante el escaneo de fuentes secundarias: la producción académica disponible (artículos, tesis y disertaciones) y documentos públicos (legislación y planes elaborados por agentes públicos y documentos elaborados por el Movimiento Negro). Los resultados muestran que la implementación de la política de educación para las relaciones raciales enfrenta obstáculos de carácter institucional y político como, por ejemplo, la ausencia de una estructura de incentivos que promueva la adhesión de entidades federativas, además de, sobre todo, encontrar con que pretende destruir: el racismo mismo en las más diversas facetas.Agendamiento. Relaciones Étnico-Raciales. Política Curricular. Innovación institucional. SOMMARIOQuesto articolo analizza episodi e iniziative che hanno permesso di mettere all'ordine del giorno la lotta al razzismo e altre rivendicazioni del Movimento nero brasiliano alla fine del XX secolo, culminando nella politica di promozione dell'uguaglianza razziale. Il testo si concentra in particolare sulla politica di educazione alle relazioni etnico-razziali. Un'innovazione istituzionale in termini di politica curricolare. Il contributo teorico si basa sulla teoria del processo politico, nel modello dei flussi multipli e nel dibattito sul federalismo. L'analisi è stata condotta scansionando fonti secondarie: produzione accademica disponibile (articoli, tesi e dissertazioni) e documenti pubblici (legislazione e piani preparati da agenti pubblici e documenti preparati dal Movimento Nero). I risultati mostrano che l'attuazione della politica educativa per le relazioni razziali incontra ostacoli di natura istituzionale e politica come, ad esempio, l'assenza di una struttura di incentivi che promuova l'adesione degli Stati, oltre, soprattutto, l'incontro che mira a distruggere: il razzismo stesso nelle più diverse sfaccettature.Pianificazione. Relazioni etnico-razziali. Politica curricolare. Innovazione istituzionale.

Purpose
This paper aims to spark a debate by presenting the need for developing data ecosystems in Europe that meet the social and public good while committing to democratic and ethical standards; suggesting a taxonomy of data infrastructures and institutions to support this need; using the case study of Barcelona as the flagship city trailblazing a critical policy agenda of smart cities to show the limitations and contradictions of the current state of affairs; and ultimately, proposing a preliminary roadmap for institutional and governance empowerment that could enable effective data ecosystems in Europe.


Design/methodology/approach
This paper draws on lessons learned in previous publications available in the sustainability (Calzada, 2018), regions (Calzada and Cowie, 2017; Calzada, 2019), Zenodo (Calzada and Almirall, 2019), RSA Journal (Calzada, 2019) and IJIS (Calzada, 2020) journals and ongoing and updated fieldwork about the Barcelona case study stemming from an intensive fieldwork action research that started in 2017. The methodology used in these publications was based on the mixed-method technique of triangulation via action research encompassing in-depth interviews, direct participation in policy events and desk research. The case study was identified as the most effective methodology.


Findings
This paper, drawing from lessons learned from the Barcelona case study, elucidates on the need to establish pan-European data infrastructures and institutions – collectively data ecosystems – to protect citizens' digital rights in European cities and regions. The paper reveals three main priorities proposing a preliminary roadmap for local and regional governments, namely, advocacy, suggesting the need for city and regional networks; governance, requiring guidance and applied, neutral and non-partisan research in policy; and pan-European agencies, leading and mobilising data infrastructures and institutions at the European level.


Research limitations/implications
From the very beginning, this paper acknowledges its ambition, and thus its limitations and clarifies its attempt to provide just an overview rather than a deep research analysis. This paper presents several research limitations and implications regarding the scope. The paper starts by presenting the need for data ecosystems, then structures this need through two taxonomies, all illustrated through the Barcelona case study and finally, concludes with a roadmap consisting of three priorities. The paper uses previous published and ongoing fieldwork findings in Barcelona as a way to lead, and thus encourage the proliferation of more cases through Cities Coalition for Digital Rights (CCDR).


Practical implications
This paper presents practical implications for local and regional authorities of the CCDR network. As such, the main three priorities of the preliminary roadmap could help those European cities and regions already part of the CCDR network to establish and build operational data ecosystems by establishing a comprehensive pan-European policy from the bottom-up that aligns with the timely policy developments advocated by the European Commission. This paper can inspire policymakers by providing guidelines to better coordinate among a diverse set of cities and regions in Europe.


Social implications
The leading data governance models worldwide from China and the USA and the advent of Big Data are dramatically reshaping citizens' relationship with data. Against this backdrop and directly influenced by the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), Europe has, perhaps, for the first time, spoken with its own voice by blending data and smart city research and policy formulations. Inquiries and emerging insights into the potential urban experiments on data ecosystems, consisting of data infrastructures and institutions operating in European cities and regions, become increasingly crucial. Thus, the main social implications are for those multi-stakeholder policy schemes already operating in European cities and regions.


Originality/value
In previous research, data ecosystems were not directly related to digital rights amidst the global digital geopolitical context and, more specifically, were not connected to the two taxonomies (on data infrastructures and institutions) that could be directly applied to a case study, like the one presented about Barcelona. Thus, this paper shows novelty and originality by also opening up (based on previous fieldwork action research) a way to take strategic action to establish a pan-European strategy among cities and regions through three specific priorities. This paper can ultimately support practice and lead to new research and policy avenues.

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to develop a theoretical framework of consumers' purchase intention of energy efficient home appliances.


Design/methodology/approach
Non-probability quota based on age and education and purposive sampling technique have been used to assess data collected by a questionnaire survey.


Findings
The findings of the study reveal that consumers' knowledge of eco-labels, environmental concern and perceived consumer effectiveness are the important predictors of purchase intention. However, the positive relationship between green trust and products' functional value was found insignificant. It is believed that consumers' are skeptical about products' functional benefits.


Research limitations/implications
Although this study has presented a holistic approach to assess consumer purchase intention for energy-efficient home appliances, there are some limitations of the current study. First, this study has focused on consumer intention to purchase energy-efficient home appliances rather than actual purchase of appliances. Ajzen (1991) argued that intention is the accurate and immediate measure of actual, but gaps exist between intention and the actual behavior of the consumers (Ajzen and Fishbein, 1980). Consumers' intentions may not always result in actual behavior. Thus, to expand research applicability, researchers should include actual behavior of consumers by conducting interviews or collecting data from the same consumers after an interval of three to six months. Second, the study has focused on consumers' psychographic variables, there may be many other factors such as technological variables, government and pressure group influence and media impact on consumer intention to purchase energy-efficient home appliances. Future studies can integrate the impact of these potential variables on consumer purchase intention of energy-efficient home appliances with the same model. The third limitation is related to the methodology of this study, the quantitative method has been used in this study. Future studies may use qualitative and mixed methods to better understand consumers' inclination of purchase intention of energy-efficient home appliances in Pakistan. Besides, a qualitative study will be helpful to explore new variables that are essential in the decision-making of consumers for the purchase of energy-efficient home appliances in Pakistan. Pakistan is a developing country where the majority of the people are belonging to the middle-class; there may be many other important factors that affect consumers' purchase intention of energy-efficient home appliances. Therefore, an in-depth qualitative study would be helpful to explore those variables in the context of a developing country.


Practical implications
Energy consumption has posed serious threats to the sustainability of the environment and endangered the lives of many species across the globe. Environmental degradation due to unsustainable consumptions has provided ample opportunities to the marketers that led to the development of sustainable products such as energy-efficient home appliances. In this study, the antecedent of purchase intention of energy-efficient appliances includes attitude, functional values, perceived consumer effectiveness, consumers' knowledge of eco-labels, environmental concern and green trust. Although researchers have extended TBP to predict consumers' purchase intention of energy-efficient appliances, studies lack to provide a holistic view from consumers' perspective. Consumers' concern for the safety of the environment depicts consumers tendency to purchase environmentally friendly products and promote less hazardous products. Marketers should incorporate environmentally friendly benefits to the product that serve to attract maximum consumers and maintain harmony with the environment. Consumers' knowledge of eco-labels, green trust and functional values are a vital construct that needs focus in term of the energy-efficient appliances purchase decision. Eco-labels are one of the emerging marketing tools that serve to guide consumers related to products environmentally friendly attributes and contribute to the acceptability of products. Marketers can use eco-labels to differentiate green products from conventional and establishes consumers' trust in product performance.


Originality/value
This study is relevant to energy-efficient home appliances. Systematic literature of previous studies suggested the need to conduct and examine the antecedents of energy-efficient home appliances in developing markets. This research highlights that perceived consumer effectiveness is the most influencing factor affecting intention. The implications of this study would be helpful in understanding consumers' behavior toward the purchase of green products in developing markets.

As reflexões aqui marcadas surgem a partir das experiências vividas nos estágios supervisionados do curso de Licenciatura em Sociologia, realizados em escolas de ensino secundário de tempo integral em municípios do Maciço do Baturité, cujos projetos pedagógicos contemplam o currículo integrado. O artigo tem como objetivo analisar a efetivação da componente curricular Núcleo de Trabalho, Pesquisa e Práticas Sociais (NTPPS) no currículo da escola, a partir das percepções dos professores. O embasamento teórico retoma a discussão sobre o entendimento do conceito de currículo através de autores como Silva (2010), Macedo (2007) e Moreira et al. (2012), que consideram o currículo como construção histórica e defendem o modelo de educação pautada nos preceitos democráticos. A pesquisa de caráter qualitativo teve como instrumento de coleta de dados questionários aplicados aos professores da escola. Os resultados apontam que um currículo guiado pela democracia e liberdade não só emancipa a pessoa, mas também traz as melhores formas para a aprendizagem. O NTPPS na sua atuação com as novas práticas escolares, de formação integral, tem essa intencionalidade. De certa forma, as disputas políticas marcadas nesse campo, muitas vezes, condicionam a aplicação de um currículo construído de forma centralizada, mas que possibilita considerações/transformações a partir da instituição escolar.Palavras-chave: Currículo. Escola secundária. NTPPS.NTPPS in the curriculum of integral time average education: an analysis from the perception of the teachers of a school in the municipality of Redenção/CEABSTRACTThe reflections we have here emerge from the experiences of the supervised stages of the degree course in Sociology, held in full-time secondary schools in the municipalities of the Baturité Massif, whose pedagogical project contemplates the integrated curriculum. The article aims to analyze the effectiveness of the Core Work, Research and Social Practices (NTPPS) curricular component in the school curriculum based on the teachers' perceptions. The theoretical background retakes the discussion about the understanding of the concept of curriculum through authors like Silva (2010); Macedo (2007); and Moreira et al. (2012), in the understanding of the curriculum as historical construction and in the perspective of defending the model of education based on democratic precepts. The research of qualitative character had as instrument of data collection questionnaires, applied to the teachers of the school. The results indicate that a curriculum cataloged in democracy and freedom not only emancipates the person, but also, it brings the best forms for learning, especially NTPPS in its action with the new practices in schools. In a way, the political disputes marked in this field often condition the application of a curriculum based on the cultures of the communities in which the school institution is inserted.Keywords: Curriculum. High school. NTPPS.NTPPS en el currículo de la enseñanza medio de tiempo integral: un análisis a partir de la percepción de los profesores de una escuela del municipio de Redención / CERESUMENLas reflexiones aquí marcadas surgen a partir de las experiencias vividas en las etapas supervisadas del curso de Licenciatura en Sociología, realizadas en escuelas de enseñanza media de tiempo completo en municipios del Macizo del Baturité, cuyos proyectos pedagógicos contemplan el currículo integrado. El artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la efectividad del componente curricular Núcleo de Trabajo, Investigación y Prácticas Sociales (NTPPS) en el currículo de la escuela a partir de las percepciones de los profesores. La base teórica retoma la discusión sobre el entendimiento del concepto de currículo a través de autores como Silva (2010); Macedo (2007); y, Moreira et al. (2012), en la comprensión del currículo como construcción histórica y en la perspectiva de la defensa del modelo de la educación pautada en los preceptos democráticos. La investigación de carácter cualitativo tuvo como instrumento de recolección de datos cuestionarios, aplicados a los profesores de la escuela. Los resultados apuntan que un currículo pautado en la democracia y la libertad no sólo emancipa a la persona, sino que también trae las mejores formas para el aprendizaje. El NTPPS en su actuación con las nuevas prácticas escolares, de formación integral, tiene esa intencionalidad. En cierta forma, las disputas políticas marcadas en este campo, muchas veces condicionan la aplicación de un currículo construido de forma centralizada, pero que posibilita consideraciones / transformaciones a partir de la institución escolar.Palabras clave: Currículo. Escuela secundaria. NTPPS.

Relevance of the research topic. In the current conditions of development of social relations, the issues of increasing the validity of fiscal policy, using its regulatory potential for the proper fulfillment of tasks and functions entrusted to them by state bodies and local self-government bodies are actualized. An important task of fiscal policy is to improve its instruments aimed at accelerating economic growth. At the same time, the peculiarities of the formation and implementation of fiscal policy in both the advanced and transformational economies are conditioned by a number of factors, the most important of which are: the level of economic growth and institutional capacity of the country. Formulation of the problem. Based on the transformation processes in the domestic system of public finances, the major tasks are: the reconciliation of fiscal policy with the strategic task of socio-economic development of the country, improving the architecture of budget revenues and expenditures; ensuring the concentration of limited budgetary resources in those sectors of the economy that will facilitate the acceleration of economic growth, which requires further scientific studies of theoretical and applied aspects of fiscal policy formulation and implementation, assessment of its impact on the level of economic growth. At the same time, the choice of fiscal policy instruments should be made taking into account the cyclical and dynamic economic processes. Analysis of recent research and publications. The problems of forming and implementing fiscal policy are quite common in scientific research. These are the works of well-known domestic and foreign scientists: J. Buchanan, W. Mitchell, J. M. Keynes, T. Bogolib, I. Zapatrina, L. Lisyak, I. Chugunov and others. Highlighting unexplored parts of a common problem. The aforementioned issues are updated due to the increasing globalization processes, the unfavorable external and internal economic environment, which requires a number of specific tasks related to the development of fiscal policy. Goal setting, research goals. The objectives of the study are: to reveal the nature and role of fiscal policy in ensuring economic growth, to substantiate the features of fiscal policy in the current conditions of development of the public finance system; to analyze and evaluate the consolidated budget revenues and expenditures; identify the main factors that influence the peculiarities of fiscal policy implementation; to open up provisions for improving the efficiency of the fiscal policy regulatory mechanism. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the priorities of fiscal policy of economic growth in the context of institutional transformation. Research method or methodology. The set of methods of scientific research is applied in the article: systematic approach, statistical analysis, structuring, analysis, synthesis, etc. Basic material presentation (results of work). The essence and role of fiscal policy in ensuring the economic growth of the country are determined. The consolidated budget revenues and expenditures have been analyzed and estimated. The priorities of fiscal policy of economic growth in the context of institutional transformations are substantiated. Area of application of results. The results of this study can be applied in the process of forming and implementing fiscal policy of Ukraine, reforming the public finance system. Conclusions according to article. Fiscal policy is a dynamic system of goals, directions and tasks of public authorities and local self-government aimed at ensuring the stability, stability and balance of the budget system, further improving the institutional environment of budgetary relations, taking into account the cyclical and dynamic economic processes. Developing an effective fiscal policy involves developing a structural and functional model of fiscal policy that is based on the integration of institutional components of the budgetary space. Assessment of the impact of fiscal policy on economic growth should include a detailed analysis of the architecture of budgetary indicators, as well as an assessment of possible risks. In modern conditions of development of social relations the important tasks of fiscal policy are: optimization of the level of tax burden; improvement of the architectonics of budget expenditures (a significant share of budget expenditures goes to consumption); improving the architecture of budget revenues, in particular by changing the relationship between indirect and direct taxes; raising the level of the regulatory function of fiscal policy, in particular by supporting the development of major sectors of the economy. The article identifies strategic priorities of fiscal policy of economic growth in the context of institutional transformations.

Art expressions in the late 20th century are marked by a transformation of spatial relationships. The aesthetic tendencies manifest a bridge between an increasingly global territory, the new political-economic world's administration and the technical advances for this planetary scale. Conceptualism express a new model of spatiality even before the decisive technical leap of the century, the appearance of the Internet. The new rising world order affects the artistic processes. Different responses to the new global order emerged within the arts. Aesthetic materials and procedures are used to communicate alternative imaginations. For this reasons, we propose the evaluation of the demarcation criteria of this artistic movement and reveal which conceptual strategies may become important for other study corpus. We will specifically focus in the production of the Argentinian artist Mirtha Dermisache (Buenos Aires, 1940), to try to differentiate some compositional procedures. To deepen these questions, we will refer to Diario 1 Año 1 from 1967 (where you can find the allusion to the "Trelew massacre"), to the Boletín Informativo from 1974, to her Afiches explicativos, and her books. In these the spatial distribution remains the conceptualist knot. In other words, the distribution of the elements on paper shows spatiality matter as a political praxis. ; Las expresiones del arte de fines del Siglo XX están marcadas por una transformación de la relación material con el espacio. Ante un nuevo orden mundial en ascenso, posterior a la Segunda Guerra Mundial, las nuevas tendencias estéticas ponen de manifiesto un cruce muy sintomático entre la expresión de un territorio cada vez más global, la nueva expresión político-económica de la administración del mundo y las posibilidades técnicas que sostienen esa escala planetaria. Buscaremos demostrar que, específicamente bajo los conceptualismos, ese nuevo modelo de espacio se trabaja sobre los soportes estéticos incluso antes del salto técnico decisivo del siglo, la aparición de Internet. A fines de siglo el nuevo orden mundial en ascenso comenzaba a repercutir de diferentes modos en los procesos artísticos. Afloraron en las artes diferentes contestaciones al orden global naciente, lo cual exigía trabajar los materiales disponibles para comunicar imaginaciones alternativas. Este trabajo se propone repensar ciertos criterios de demarcación sobre los conceptualismos y relevar qué estrategias conceptualistas pueden ser de importancia en obras que, compartiendo muchas proximidades estéticas, no han podido catalogarse de lleno en la tendencia dominante. Intentaremos, por eso, alrededor de la producción de la artista argentina Mirtha Dermisache (Buenos Aires, 1940) diferenciar algunos procedimientos de composición en estos términos. Para profundizar estas cuestiones nos referiremos al famoso Diario 1 Año 1 en el que aparece referida la masacre de Trelew, al Boletín Informativo de 1974, a sus Afiches explicativos y sus libros. En ellos la distribución espacial sostiene el nudo conceptualista. Esto es, el modo en que los elementos se distribuyen sobre el plano muestra el ejercicio de la espacialidad como praxis política. ; As expressões da arte do final do século 20 são marcadas por uma transformação da relação material com o espaço. Diante de uma nova ordem mundial em ascensão, após a Segunda Guerra Mundial, as novas tendências estéticas revelam um cruzamento muito sintomático entre a expressão de um território cada vez mais global, a nova expressão político-econômica da administração mundial e as possibilidades técnicas que sustentam essa escala planetária. Tentaremos demonstrar que, especificamente sob os conceitualismos, este novo modelo de espaço é trabalhado nos suportes estéticos mesmo antes do salto técnico decisivo do século, o aparecimento da Internet. No final do século, a nova ordem mundial em ascendência começou a ter um impacto nos processos artísticos de diferentes maneiras. Diferentes respostas à ordem global emergente surgiram nas artes, o que exigiu trabalhar com os materiais disponíveis para comunicar imaginações alternativas. Este trabalho visa repensar certos critérios de demarcação de conceitualismos e revelar quais estratégias conceitualistas podem ser importantes em obras que, compartilhando muitas proximidades estéticas, não foram capazes de ser totalmente catalogadas na tendência dominante. Portanto, vamos tentar, em torno da produção da artista argentina Mirtha Dermisache (Buenos Aires, 1940), diferenciar alguns procedimentos de composição nestes termos. Para aprofundar estas questões, faremos referência ao famoso Diário 1 Ano 1 no qual o massacre de Trelew é referido, ao boletim informativo de 1974, aos seus cartazes explicativos e aos seus livros. Neles, a distribuição espacial sustenta o nó conceitualista. Ou seja, a forma como os elementos estão distribuídos no plano mostra o exercício da espacialidade como uma prática política.

Η θαλάσσια πειρατεία και ένοπλη ληστεία ενάντια στα εμπορικά πλοία αποτελούν μία από τις σύγχρονες προκλήσεις της ναυτιλιακής βιομηχανίας. Αυτά τα δύο φαινόμενα έχουν παγκόσμιο αντίκτυπο στο ναυτιλιακό εμπόριο και στα μέτρα αντιμετώπισης και ασφάλειας. Η πιθανότητα επίθεσης πειρατείας είναι επίσης μία συνεχή ανησυχία των ναυτικών και των οικογενειών τους. Τα πλοία τα οποία διέρχονται σε περιοχές υψηλού κίνδυνου έχουν μεγάλες πιθανότητες επίθεσης πειρατείας και ένοπλης ληστείας με αποτέλεσμα την απαγωγή του πληρώματος για λύτρα. Η ναυσιπλοΐα σε αυτές τις επικίνδυνες περιοχές μέχρι και τον Κόλπο της Γουινέας καθιστά τους ναυτικούς ευάλωτους σε τέτοιου είδους επιθέσεις. Το πρώτο μέρος της συγκεκριμένης διατριβής αναλύει την θαλάσσια πειρατεία και ένοπλη ληστεία ως παγκόσμιο φαινόμενο, τα εθνικά πρότυπα πειρατείας και ερευνά το φαινόμενο εις βάθος. Η ανασφάλεια που δημιουργείται από την απειλή της πειρατείας αναδεικνύει για ακόμη μία φόρα πόσο σημαντικός είναι ο ρόλος του ναυτικού. Η συγκεκριμένη διπλωματική παρέχει μια καθοδήγηση στον τρόπο με τον οποίο οι ναυτικοί μπορούν να υποστηριχτούν από τις οικογένειες τους και από την ίδια την εταιρεία. Όσον αφορά την εταιρεία, πρέπει να τονιστεί πως μια καλή προετοιμασία μπορεί να συμβάλλει θετικά στην ίδια και συνεπώς και στον ναυτικό κατά τη διάρκεια μιας επίθεσης. Επομένως η σωστή καθοδήγηση για την υποστήριξη των ναυτικών είναι ύψιστης σημασίας καθώς και οι εταιρείες με αυτόν τον τρόπο μπορούν καλύτερα να αντιμετωπίσουν κάθε είδους επίθεσης. Επιπλέον δεν θα πρέπει να παραλειφθούν τα δικαιώματα των ναυτικών, η εξέλιξη αυτών και η περίπτωση του επαναπατρισμού. Για αυτό το λόγο το δεύτερο μέρος της συγκεκριμένης διατριβής αναφέρεται στον αντίκτυπο που έχει η πειρατεία και η ένοπλη ληστεία στα δικαιώματα των ναυτικών ως ένα ανεξερεύνητο τμήμα του νόμου. Ιδιαίτερη έμφαση δίνεται στην εξέλιξη και πορεία των δικαιωμάτων και στην εξασφάλιση του επαναπατρισμού. Αν και υπάρχει αλληλεπίδραση πολλών παραγόντων στο συγκεκριμένο θέμα, η διερεύνηση περιορίζεται στον ρόλο του πλοιοκτήτη και στην συμφωνία που έχει αναπτύξει με τον ίδιο τον ναυτικό. Εδώ αξίζει να σημειώσουμε πως o MLC (Maritime Labour Convention) έχει σχεδιάσει έναν οδηγό τονίζοντας τον ρόλο του πλοιοκτήτη σχετικά με τον επαναπατρισμό του ναυτικού. Λέξεις κλειδιά: Θαλάσσια πειρατεία, ένοπλη ληστεία, νομικό πλαίσιο, δικαιώματα των ναυτικών, πλοιοκτήτης, επαναπατρισμός. ; Maritime piracy and armed robbery against ship are the one of the contemporary challenges of the maritime industry. These two phenomena have a global impact on maritime trade and security. The possibility of a pirate attack is also a constant fear amongst seafarers and their families. Ships transiting at high risk areas are in peril of being hijacked and their crew abducted for ransom. From internal water to the high seas of the Gulf of Guinea, seafarers are vulnerable to such attacks. The first part of the research paper analyzes the piracy and armed robbery against ships as a global phenomenon, the national legislation models of piracy and starts probe in case of seafarers being hijacked. In responding to the threat of piracy, or a seafarer becoming a victim of piracy and armed robbery, the seafarers play an important role. This research paper provides guidance on ways that seafarers can be supported by their families and their company itself. As far as the company is concerned, it cannot be emphasized enough how good preparation will help a company and, ultimately, seafarers during a crisis period. Hence, good practice guidance on how to help seafarers in such situations is equally important and companies are encouraged in this manner to help cope during the crisis. Though there has been much discussion on policies of maritime piracy & armed robbery, we should not ignore the rights of the affected seafarers and their early release. In this respect, the second part of this dissertation focuses on the impact of piracy on seafarers' rights as a largely unexplored fragment of law. Emphasis is placed on evolution of right and security of their release. Although there is interplay of various factors in the issue, the discussion is limited to the role of the ship-owner and his contractual agreement with the seafarer. In this regard, the Maritime Labour Convention (MLC 2006) has laid down guidelines stressing the role of ship-owners in repatriating their seafaring crew. Keywords: Maritime piracy, armed robbery against ships, legal framework, seafarer's rights, ship-owner, release.

The purpose of the study was to find out the title role of Pesantren believer Cooperative Mandiri Sidoarjo towards economic empowerment and independence employee boarding schools. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative approach to the case study method. Data collection was carried out by interviews and direct observation to informants, namely those in charge of pesantren, cooperative and cooperative employees (santri). And secondary data collection comes from journals, text books and other literature. The result of this study is the Mukmin Mandiri Pesantren Cooperative plays a major role in enhancing the empowerment of cooperative employees (santri) and playing an optimal role in supporting the independence of the cottage. The economic empowerment of pesantren employees conducted by the Mukmin Mandiri Pesantren Cooperative is by making the Cooperative a work field, a place to apply knowledge and a place to increase income. As for the independence of the cottage, that is to become the main source of funding for Islamic boarding schools in carrying out operations and the sustainability of Islamic boarding schools. Going forward, the Cooperative will further optimize the empowerment of union employees (santri) to print better students in the field of entrepreneurship and religion.Keywords: Cooperative Boarding School, Economic Empowerment, Independence of Islamic Boarding SchoolsREFERENCES Azyumardi, A. 1997. Pesantren, Kontinuitas, dan Perubahan Dalam Bilik-Bilik Pesantren: Sebuah Potret Perjalanan. Jakarta: Paramadina.Bakhri, Mokh. Syaiful. 2011. Sukses Ekonomi Syariah Di Pesantren: Belajar dari Kopontren Sidogiri, Koperasi BMT MMU, Sidogiri dan Koperasi BMT UGT Sidogiri. Pasuruan : Penerbit Cipta.Blanchard, K, PC John dan R. Alan. 1998. Pemberdayaan Memerlukan Waktu Lebih Dari Semenit (terjemahan oleh Zoelkifli Kasip) Jakarta: InteraksaBurhanudin. 2010. Prosedur Mudah Mendirikan Koperasi. 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В данной концептуальной статье университет рассматривается как институт, существующий в двух модусах: в модусе организации (системы функциональных единиц) и в модусе интеллектуального полиса (самоуправляемого сообщества активных и автономных субъектов). Именно в качестве интеллектуального полиса университет способен действовать на фронтире науки и технологий, создавать инновации, выступать институтом развития общества и человека. Гипотеза проведенного авторами исследования такова: политика развития, понимаемая как выстраивание полиса (конфигурирование интересов и целей различных субъектов, формирование университетского сообщества, нормирование его жизни), имманентна университету. Именно такая политика соответствует сложности университета как системы со множеством центров активности и потенциальных точек роста. Рассмотрение университета с точки зрения концепта политики (метод концептуального анализа) позволяет выделить значимые линии исследования (проблемы): 1) определение субъектов политики в университетском сообществе и условий их появления; 2) анализ устройства политической действительности, включающей экспликацию интересов, проявление и разрешение противоречий и конфликтов, поиск балансов, принятие политических решений, создание «общественного договора»; 3) выстраивание политики, включающее: особую аналитику, создание пространства коммуникаций, оформление университетской общности, работу с идеологемами, дискурсами, традициями и нормами; 4) реализацию локальных политик. Особо значимы для университета политика участия, позволяющая мобилизовать активность и инициативу сотрудников и студентов, и политика причастности, направленная на вовлечение партнеров, стейкхолдеров, выпускников в процессы развития университета. В целом политика развития нацелена на изменение всего уклада жизни и деятельности, типа отношений и коммуникаций в университете, то есть на создание благоприятной среды для появления точек роста, для реализации научных, образовательных, культурных, предпринимательских и иных инициатив и проектов. Новизна работы связана с применением концепта политики университета в контексте проблематики его развития. Она может быть использована и в управленческом консалтинге, и как элемент образовательных программ для ректоров и управленческих команд университетов. ; The author considers the university existing in two modes: as an organization (a system of functional units) and as an intellectual polis (a self-governing community of active and autonomous subjects). Being an intellectual polis, the university is able to act on the frontier of science and technology, to create innovations, and to act as an institution for the development of society and human. A hypothesis is proposed: the development policy, understood as building a polis (configuring the interests and goals of various actors, forming the university community, regulating its life), is immanent for the university. It is this policy that corresponds to the complexity of the university as a system with many centers of activity and potential points of growth. The method of conceptual analysis as applied to studying the university policy reveals the following significant problems and, correspondingly, the following lines of analysis: 1) defining the subjects of university community and the conditions of their appearance; 2) structuring the political reality – explicating interests, distinguishing and solving contradictions, searching for balances, adopting political decisions, creating a «social contract»; 3) building the policy, which includes special analytics, creating a space for communication, shaping the university community, working with ideologemes, discourses, traditions, and norms; 4) implementing local policies. Of particular importance for the university is the participatory policy, which makes it possible to mobilize the activity and initiative of employees and students, and the policy of partaking, which involves partners, stakeholders, alumni in development processes. The development policy is generally aimed at changing the entire way of life and activity, the type of relations and communications within the university, i. e. at creating a favorable environment for the growth points uprise and for scientific, educational, cultural, entrepreneurial etc. initiatives and projects implementation. The paper is originally associated with applying the concept of university policy in the context of the university development problems. This work can be used in management consulting and as an element of educational programs for rectors and university management teams. ; Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке Российского фонда фундаментальных исследований и КГАУ «Красноярский краевой фонд поддержки научной и научно-технической деятельности» – проект № 18-410-242007 «Региональная "интеллектуальная экосистема" (R&D, образование, инновации) Красноярского края: научно-методологический анализ новых возможностей исследовательской, образовательной, инновационной деятельности в условиях цифрового мира; разработка системной модели "интеллектуальной экосистемы" региона; создание действующей цифровой платформы как основы данной экосистемы». ; The study was financially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research and KSAU «Krasnoyarsk Regional Fund for the Support of Scientific and Technical Activities» – project No 18-410-242007 «Regional "intellectual ecosystem" (R&D, education, innovation) for the Krasnoyarsk Krai: a scientific and methodological analysis of new opportunities for education, research and innovation in the digital world frame; development of a system model for the "intellectual ecosystem" of the region; development of a digital platform as the basis for this ecosystem».

The European Union's development has resulted in modifications of its institutional model. In the context of external activities, this refers to the distribution of formal competences on the one hand, and the functioning of European institutions in practice on the other, especially with regard to informal mechanisms. The aim of this article is to analyze the European Council's role in the formation of the European Union's external activities. The research questions address the sources and manifestations of the European Council's institutional dynamics in the field of external activities. The answers are based on an analysis of the European Council's behavior with regard to how the borders of the European project are established in relations with external partners. In terms of methodology, the text employs an analysis of the European Council Conclusions in the years 2011-2017. ; Развитие Европейского Союза привело к изменениям его институциональной модели. В контексте внешней деятельности это относится к распределению формальных полномочий и функционированию европейских институтов, особенно в отношении неформальных его механизмов. Целью статьи является анализ роли Европейского Совета в формировании внешней деятельности Европейского Союза. Вопросы исследования касаются источников и проявлений институциональной динамики Европейского Совета в области внешней деятельности. Ответы основаны на анализе деятельности Европейского Совета в отношении того, как устанавливаются границы европейского проекта в отношениях с внешними партнерами. С точки зрения методологии в тексте используется анализ выводов Европейского совета за 2011-2017 годы. В статье указывается, что в процессе институциональных реформ и споров между наднациональными и межправительственными интеграционными видениями, Европейский Совет при решении вопроса установления границ Европейского Союза придерживается определенных принципов. С одной стороны, применяет имперскую модель, сильно подчеркивая связи между интеграционным проектом и соседними странами, что иллюстрирует логика концентрических кругов при решении проблем. С другой стороны, южный и восточный кризисы смещают видение Европейского Совета в направлении Вестфальской модели. Растущая тенденция изменения расположения на одной стороне внешней границы ЕС или на другой становится все более очевидной. Следовательно, сама граница становится более четкой и менее проницаемой. Окружающая среда ЕС воспринимается как все более опасная (как на Юге, через миграцию из арабского мира, так и на Востоке, в результате политики России), и поэтому требует повышения уровня безопасности путем перехода от мягкой до жесткой силы её обеспечения. Необходимым становится усиление защиты внешних границ и политики по развитию системы убежища. Это вновь отвечает логике Вестфальской модели и противостоит логике неосредневековой модели. Представленные выводы вызывают дальнейшие вопросы, связанные с внутренней динамикой процессов принятия решений в Европейском совете, силой воздействия стран-членов на выбор вопросов, к которым обращается Европейский совет, и решения Европейского Совета. С другой стороны, внешняя деятельность, в частности строительство границ, интересна эмпирической областью со значительным потенциалом развития. ; Розвиток Європейського Союзу призвело до змін його інституційної моделі. В контексті зовнішньої діяльності це відноситься до розподілу формальних повноважень, з одного боку, і функціонуванню європейських інститутів на практиці, з іншого, особливо щодо неформальних механізмів. Метою даної статті є аналіз ролі Європейської Ради у формуванні зовнішньої діяльності Європейського Союзу. Питання дослідження стосуються джерел і проявів інституційної динаміки Європейської Ради в області зовнішньої діяльності. Відповіді засновані на аналізі поведінки Європейської Ради щодо того, як встановлюються межі європейського проекту в стосунках з зовнішніми партнерами. З точки зору методології в тексті використовується аналіз висновків Європейської ради за 2011-2017 роки.В статті вказується, що у процесі інституційних реформ та суперечки між наднаціональними та міжурядовими інтеграційними баченнями, Європейська Рада при вирішенні питання встановлення кордонів Європейського Союзу дотримується певних принципів. З одного боку, застосовує імперську модель, сильно підкреслюючи зв'язки між інтеграційним проектом та сусідніми країнами, що ілюструє логіку концентричних кіл при вирішенні проблем. З іншого боку, південна і східна кризи зміщують бачення Європейської Ради у напрямку Вестфальської моделі. Зростаюча тенденція зміни розташування на одній стороні зовнішнього кордону ЄС чи на іншій стає все більш очевидною. Відтак, сам кордон стає більш чітким і менш проникним. Навколишнє середовище ЄС сприймається як все більш небезпечне (як на Півдні, через міграцію з арабського світу, так і на Сході, внаслідок політики Росії), і тому вимагає підвищення рівня безпеки шляхом переходу від м'якої до жорсткої сили. Для підтримання інтеграції в ЄС необхідним стає посилення захисту зовнішніх кордонів та політики щодо розбудови системи притулку. Це знову відповідає логіці Вестфальської моделі і протистоїть логіці неосередньовічної моделі. Висновки, представлені вище, викликають подальші дослідницькі питання, пов'язані з внутрішньою динамікою процесів прийняття рішень в Європейській раді, силою впливу країн-членів на вибір питань, до яких звертається Європейська рада, та рішень Європейської Ради. З іншого боку, зовнішня діяльність, зокрема будівництво кордонів, є цікавою емпіричною областю зі значним потенціалом розвитку.

The article "Perception of the progress announced by general education schools: a community approach" presents School's progress and its dissemination from the viewpoint of general education school community. Thus, for almost three decades, Lithuania has been developing its own educational system after the Restoration of its Independence. The Restoration of the Independent State of Lithuania on March 11, 1990, prompted a systemic reform of all areas of education. This transformation of education in Lithuania was stimulated by internal (factors that existed in the system of education itself) and sociocultural (factors from other socio-cultural areas of life). According to the national rapports Lithuanian education had to model and develop a new concept of education goals, objectives, structures, curriculum, methods, strategies, which Western European countries had been developing for decades, constantly changing, refining, reforming. The article addresses the scientific problem that the There is a lack of research, concerning the general education school community's approach towards student›s education results, as a significant sign of progress. National goal for 2020 is that all general education schools would announce their progress report but according to studies changes are too slow. This is why aim of research is to analyze general education school community attitude to school's progress announcements. The object of the research is the attitude of general education school communities to the announcement of school progress 2018 m. The current study (Perception of the progress announced by general education schools: a community approach) is development (described in more detail) part of the research "The Conception of School Community of General Education School Progress in terms of the Good School Concept" (from V. Targamadzė, G. Žibėnienė and J. Česnavičienė). The article presents a quality research – a interview performed in 2018, which involved representatives of general education school management and teachers, as well as 7-12 grade gymnasium students and their parents. With the help of purposeful sampling there were chosen comprehensive schools that delegated one parent each who had a child studying in grades 7-12 and were acquainted with the school activities. The criteria applied for the selection of comprehensive schools were as follows: comprehensive schools had to be from different regions of the country: schools in a city; schools in a big town; schools in a town and in a village; comprehensive schools according to different founders: state and public institutions. When analyzing the perception of the progress announced by general education schools, we must remember, the fact that a school is an organization operating in a complex and changing social environment and involving many different society groups, such as school administration, teachers, students, parents and other society. Based on the idea already found in the Good School Concept (2015) that the education in Lithuania is founded on close collaboration between the family, school and society. The research methods were used: analysis of academic literature and educational documents, structured interviews. To analyze the interview, the content analysis was adapted, (Bitinas, Rupšienė, Žydžiūnaitė, 2008,) which allowed to make conclusions based on the analyzed text. The qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the interview data, which allowed to draw conclusions based on the analyzed text. This method of analysis was based on systematic analytical steps: multiple readings of records, systematic interpretation of distinguished categories and subcategories and their justification based on the evidence from the transcribed texts – the confirmatory statements. According to the qualitative research methodology, the confirmatory statements are extracts from answers provided by the participants which cannot be changed by the researcher; therefore, they are quoted exactly as given by the participants. The initial interview data was handled in such a way as to ensure that it was impossible to identify the persons involved in the study. The research was organized, data analysis was carried out and presented based on the principles of qualitative research ethics: insuring the respect for individual privacy, confidentiality and anonymity, with goodwill and justice. While analyzing legal documents concerning education, it was revealed that there is no clear obligation for general education schools to publish the progress of their schools. Legislation (Good School Concept, 2015; State Strategy for Education 2013–2022) identifies the announcement of the progress of general education schools as an aspiration to achieve educational progress as one of the features of a modern, good school.