Suchergebnisse

What impact do human rights international non-governmental organizations (hereafter HROs) have on the initiation of economic sanctions? The extant literatures on sanctions and transnational non-state groups have largely overlooked the role, if any, the activities of these transnational non-state actors have on the use of economic coercion as a popular policy tool. In this study, we argue that HROs could affect sanction decisions through two distinct mechanisms: information production ("shaming and blaming") and local empowerment (local presence). By bringing poor human rights performers into the international spotlight, we argue that this effect should hold even after accounting for human rights practices in the targeted countries. Using dyadic data on HROs and economic sanctions, we find robust support for our basic argument that HRO activities increase the likelihood of sanction events against repressive regimes. Additionally, much of the empirical support highlights the role of information production, as opposed to local empowerment, in leading to sanction onset. Overall, our findings indicate that HROs are powerful actors in influencing foreign policy decisions between states. Adapted from the source document.

Verzeichnis von ca. 5600 personen-, institutionen- und produktbezogenen Adreßbüchern, Ortsnamensverzeichnissen, Almanachen, biographischen Nachschlagewerken, Staatshandbüchern u.ä.; da ein Sachregister fehlt ist der Zugang trotz ausführlicher Feingliederung etwas mühsam. (SWP-Hck)

The inheritance of heterodox economics hinges upon the degree to which the next generation is exposed to the history of the discipline's thought. The potential to include heterodox thought into the curriculum presents itself most easily through history of economic thought classes. The potential is limited by the professor, but it is also circumscribed by the material presented or withheld in history of economic thought textbooks. If included, the presentation of heterodox methodologies and philosophies impresses upon students the relevance and importance of pluralism and dissenting views and by consequence, the future course of the discipline. This research seeks to examine the presentation of heterodox economics in history of economic thought textbooks and to assess the amount of space dedicated to its study and further, to explore how textbook adoption impacts the inheritance and heritage of heterodox thought and philosophy.

ObjectiveThis research adds to our understanding of environmental degradation by evaluating the "contested" role international nongovernmental organizations play in managing environmental problems. MethodsI use cross-national data for a sample of up to 70 nations to examine the effect of international nongovernmental organizations on deforestation for the period of 1990 to 2000. The models also include relevant controls for gross national product, economic growth, population growth, democracy, government expenditures, domestic investment, forest stocks, exports, multinational corporations, and structural adjustment. ResultsThe main findings indicate that nations with higher levels of international nongovernmental organizations presence have lower levels of deforestation. I also examine the effects of international nongovernmental organizations at different levels of democracy by including an interaction term between international nongovernmental organizations and democracy. In doing so, I find that international nongovernmental organizations continue to reduce deforestation. However, they reduce deforestation more at higher rather than at lower levels of democracy. ConclusionsThis research illustrates that international nongovernmental organizations reduce deforestation despite claims to the contrary. However, their effectiveness appears to be affected by the level of democracy in a nation. Adapted from the source document.

Amongst other European and US focussed topics, Volume 27 addresses: the macroeconomic aggregates for England, 1209-2004; capital accumulation in Spain, 1850-2000; British Estate Acts, 1600 to 1830. Notably there is also a contribution from the late William Parker , who chapter discusses historical trends in food consumption in the United States.

Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgment -- Table of Content -- Abbreviations -- Table of Figures -- Table of Tables -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Theory -- 2.1 Nation-Bound Policy Analysis Frameworks -- 2.2 Trans-, Supra-, and International Bound Policy Analysis Frameworks -- 2.3 Applied Framework, Theory and Model -- 3 European Union -- 3.1 Developing a European Energy Policy -- 3.2 Directive 2009/28/EC -- 3.3 Regulation 714/2009 and Regulation 347/2013 -- 3.4 EU Constitutional Context in light of EU Renewable Energy Policy -- 3.5 EU Legal Basis for Energy and RES-E promotion -- 3.6 Implementation of Directive 2009/28/EC in light of RES-E -- 3.7 Analysis -- 4 Germany -- 4.1 German Constitutional Context -- 4.2 German Transposition of Directive 2009/28/EC and NREAP -- 4.3 Implementation Evaluation of Directive 2009/28/EC in Germany -- 4.4 German National Preferences -- 4.5 Analysis -- 5 Poland -- 5.1 Polish Constitutional Context -- 5.2 Polish Transposition of Directive 2009/28/EC and NREAP -- 5.3 Implementation Evaluation of Directive 2009/28/EC in Poland -- 5.4 Polish National Preferences -- 5.5 Analysis -- 6 Inter-National Interdependencies between Germany and Poland -- 6.1 Supranational Framework Policies for Inter-State Interconnectedness -- 6.2 Comparison RES-E Deployment in Germany and Poland -- 6.3 Consequences of German RES Deployment for Germany and Poland: Loop Flows and Spot Market Prices -- 6.4 Merit Order Effect -- 6.5 Short-Term and Long-Term Impact of German RES Deployment on the Polish Electricity Market -- 6.6 Analysis -- 7 Conclusion -- 8 Bibliography -- 9 Appendix I - Summary English -- 10 Appendix II - Summary German.

OECD's 2005 survey of the Swedish economy examines its key economic challenges including population ageing, maintaining the welfare system, increasing the labour supply, and achieving environmental objectives. Individual chapters examine strengthening public finances, reducing sickness and disability absences, and raising hours worked. This issue's special chapter discusses improving quality and value in healthcare

"Economic Methodology, History and Pluralism: Expanding Economic Thought to Meet Contemporary Challenges pays tribute to Emeritus professor Sheila Dow (University of Stirling, Scotland). This volume focuses on the contributions of Dow to economic methodology, pluralism and the history of economic thought. These explorations serve to underpin her ideas and theories on macroeconomics, banking, and money. Bringing together an impressive panel of contributors, the chapters in this work examine Dow's writings on structured pluralism and schools of thought, meanings of open and closed systems, reflections on the relationship between economics and other sciences (both social and natural), the methodology of behavioral economics, as well as the political economy of the Scottish school of thought. The book challenges the foundations of the mainstream economics paradigm in a novel and holistic manner, seeking to advance thinking across Dow's favoured discipline. The essays in this collection provide thought-provoking reading for advanced students and scholars of economic methodology, the history of economic thought, heterodox economics and political economy. The book will also be valued by the economics profession at large, as it contains important elements and ideas concerning ethics, methodology and tolerance within economics as a discipline and as a profession. Ioana Negru is Reader in Economics at the 'Lucian Blaga' University of Sibiu, Romania. She has been a practicing lecturer for 24 years and has been a member of the Skidelski Committee for improving the economics curriculum worldwide. Penelope Hawkins is Senior Economist at the Debt and Development Finance Branch of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). Her research focusses on public and private debt, development finance, illicit financial flows and financial inclusion"--