Suchergebnisse

This paper analyses the start of the debt crisis in Europe and in Spain, which increased inflation, unemployment and public debt. Although Spanish banking system was considered one of the best, the growing debt brought Spain into one of the worst affected countries in financial crisis. Because of this, Spain was faced to the fiscal consolidation as the imperative for further development. The strength of the crisis in Spain can be seen from main economic indicators. Budget deficit in Spain was almost 12% just two years after it went into surplus for the first time in 30 year period. Public debt has started to rise from 2007 and in 2013 it overcomes 90% of GDP. The rate of unemployment also started to rise from 2007 and in 2013 it is higher than 25%. This paper analyses also Phillips curve in Spain using the actual data after the start of fiscal consolidation. ; peer-reviewed

In the last years, the fact of anthropogenic impact on climate change taking place in the world has become indisputable. Both countries and international organizations have taken steps to reduce GHG emissions, move to a low-carbon economy and implement solutions that reduce human impact on the environment. The EU, by intensifying its activities, has also prepared a strategy known as the European Green Deal. In implementing the EGD, it is important to analyze the impact of energy development in energy-intensive sectors of the economy (industry, transport, agriculture, services and other cores) on atmospheric pollution. Energy development is understood as the energy consumption percentage from all its consumption. In the article, complex correlation–regression analysis was implemented, which included not only energy development impact on the CO2 emissions level (i.e., production-based CO2 efficiency), but also its impact on economic growth. The research was conducted for the EU euro area countries. It was determined that the strongest positive correlation is to be found in the transport sector, which implies that with an increase in energy consumption in that sector, production-based CO2 efficiency is increasing. On the other hand, this increment in efficiency was relatively small and was achieved with the rapid growth of the energy consumption. The implemented research confirmed that the transportation sector is the one which is polluting the atmosphere the most with CO2 emissions in the Eurozone. The results of the implemented research could be used for the formation of targeted measures for the green growth strategy implementation, and also for ECB and EIB to support "green" projects.

As the differences between the regions are more pronounced than among the countries, NUTS 2 regions of the new members that joined the EU after 2000 are considered. Due to the presence of externalities between the regions, the Solow growth model using interregional externalities is used. This is modelled by spatial econometrics, the method of maximum likelihood. According to previous research, the effects of European funds in the EU on reducing disparities are not unique, but contradictory. From the mentioned research for new members, we can conclude that the research shows a positive effect of European funds on growth rates. There is a noticeable lack of research analyzing the impact of EU funding on new members after the 2008 crisis, including their mutual regional interaction. The aim is to determine the impact of EU funding on reducing regional disparities as measured by GDP per capita. The paper shows that an increase in European funding increases growth rates, thus contributing to the reduction of interregional disparities. European funding, which is mostly targeted at less developed regions, represents an opportunity for new members and potential new members to move closer to more developed old members. The spillover effect of European funds represents the key contribution to the positive effect of EU funds, i.e. the advantage of the application of spatial econometrics. Also, these spillovers have proven to be an important factor whose omission in models estimated by the OLS leads to bias. Regional externalities should be taken into account in regional divisions by regional policymakers, and in creating the distribution of funds for the next programming period. The effect of funding in the region itself without the spillover effect does not contribute to reducing disparities, which represents a future opportunity, especially for the poorest regions, such as the regions in Bulgaria and Romania.

PURPOSE: The paper identifies and classifies the research studies conducted in the field of performance evaluation in European funding activities. ; DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: The article tries to answer some questions, which areas of European funding activities are the focus of research in measuring their effectiveness, what are the most common studied key performance indicators (KPI) in chosen topic and what are their features based on the literature. In order to answer the stated questions literature review methodology was applied. The literature analysis identified the most studied areas of European policies. The classified KPIs are as standardised as possible and quite often they represent a macro perspective, which coincides with the represented areas of the analysed journals presented in the study ; FINDINGS: The study noticed that due to low number of classified studies and limited representation of policies, researchers should place more emphasis on the efficiency of funding activities. Additionally findings presented in the paper suggested a potential logic process of the selection of KPIs to evaluate public projects, programmes or policies. ; PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: EU activities are one of the biggest funding initiatives in Europe and probably also in the World, it is important to study how to measure performance of EU projects, programmes, initiatives, politics for better future of all citizens. ; peer-reviewed

'Institutioneller Wandel bzw. institutioneller Transfer in einer sich erweiternden Europäischen Union wird streng genommen erst dann ein staats- und sozialwissenschaftliches Thema, wenn man unter dem institutionellen Aspekt der Erweiterung nicht nur Anpassungsschemata für die Erfüllung der Erfordernisse des Gemeinsamen Markts versteht, sondern wenn man auch fragt, welche Abgleichungen von Problemwahrnehmungen, von sozialen Normen, von soziokulturell programmierten Standardoperationsverfahren und von Europagedanken erfolgen müssen. Im Rahmen der Diskussion über Governance in Europa betrifft das die Dimension der reflexiven Institutionalisierung. Die Assoziierungspolitik sowie die Beitrittsstrategie der EU werden vor diesem Hintergrund resümiert und bewertet. Dabei wird herausgearbeitet, zu welchen Problemen und spezifischen Beitrittskonflikten es führt, wenn die Union zu wenig Gewicht auf die reflexive Komponente ihrer Erweiterung legt.' (Autorenreferat)

An article that considers the consequences of applying a consociational interpretation to the integration of Europe & a response are presented. In "Consociational Interpretations of the European Union," Matthijs Bogaards determines how consociationalism has influenced decision-making processes within the European Union (EU), considers differences between perceiving the EU as a consociation of states & as a consociation of social segments, & illustrates how consociational thought actually obstructs institutional reform & democratization processes. It is concluded that consociational theory should not be applied to analyses of EU integration. In response, Markus M. L. Crepaz counters Bogaards's critique of consociational theory by contending that consociational democracy actually improves contemporary understandings of EU institutions & political decision making. In addition, it is claimed that consociational perspectives succeeded in quelling regional tensions while promoting regional democracy in a peaceful manner. Moreover, Arend Lijphart's (1989) contention that consensus & consociational forms of democracy are compatible is used to challenge Bogaards's suggestion that the EU be viewed as a consensus, not a consociational, democracy. 79 References. J. W. Parker