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This case study examines social networks as the modern intersections of radical discourse and political extremism. But, as this research will show, extremist content in social networks, even that which has telegraphed violent hate crimes, is seldom communicated in textbook forms bigotry or provocations of violence. Today, the true challenge for social networks like Facebook and Twitter is addressing hate speech that reads more like fear mongering and identity politics, and thus, does not get flagged by monitors. From accounts dedicated to inciting fear over the "threat of immigrants" or "black crime," to groups that form around hashtags declaring that a "#whitegenocide" is underway. These narratives represent the more ubiquitous versions of hate culture that permeate these popular spaces and radicalize cultural discourses happening there. This case study explores how such rhetoric has the same capacity to deliver messages of hate, and even incite violence, by investigating six hate crimes from 2019 that were preceded by social media diatribes. The comparative analysis will show how these examples mostly featured nonviolent expressions of cultural paranoia, rather than avowals of violence or traditional hate speech, thus making them harder to detect by programs seeking out such threats in plain sight. The research then examines the user policies of leading social networks to assess whether their guidelines on hateful and violent content are purposed to address the kinds of language that were espoused by these violent extremists. The study considers the strategies being employed by social networks to expose hateful content of all forms, and the need for more prominent counter narratives.

"Today almost every aspect of life for which data exists can be rendered as a network. Financial data, social networks, biological ecologies: all are visualized in links and nodes, lines connecting dots. A network visualization of a corporate infrastructure could look remarkably similar to that of a terrorist organization. In An Aesthesia of Networks, Anna Munster argues that this uniformity has flattened our experience of networks as active and relational processes and assemblages. She counters the "network anaesthesia" that results from this pervasive mimesis by reinserting the question of experience, or aesthesia, into networked culture and aesthetics. Rather than asking how humans experience computers and networks, Munster asks how networks experience -- what operations they perform and undergo to change and produce new forms of experience. Drawing on William James's radical empiricism, she asserts that networked experience is assembled first and foremost through relations, which make up its most immediately sensed and perceived aspect. Munster critically considers a range of contemporary artistic and cultural practices that engage with network technologies and techniques, including databases and data mining, the domination of search in online activity, and the proliferation of viral media through YouTube. These practices -- from artists who "undermine" data to musicians and VJs who use intranetworked audio and video software environments -- are concerned with the relationality at the core of today's network experience."

Perubahan sosial dan politik terhadap revolusi industri keempat adalah kondisi yang sulit dihindari oleh masyarakat di dunia ini. Selain dimungkinkan untuk mengkarakterisasi oleh digitalisasi, Artificial Intelligence dan machine learning, perubahan-perubahan ini akan terlihat jelas dalam robotika, 3D-Printers, nanoteknologi dan bioteknologi, dan sebagainya. Hal ini bukan hanya mengenai perubahan teknologi tetapi juga seberapa dalam dan cepat perubahannya akan dikembangkan. Mereka akan mengganggu karena integrasi pengetahuan dan disiplin ilmu adalah hasil dari ekosistem baru yang diciptakan oleh dampak dari Artificial Intelligence. Oleh karena itu, Pemerintah harus menyediakan akses ke teknologi agar lebih banyak warga menikmati manfaat dari standar teknologi baru dan masyarakat global. Saat ini, lebih dari 30% orang di dunia menggunakan layanan media sosial untuk berkomunikasi dan menemukan informasi di dunia. Banyak inovasi telah dapat menciptakan perubahan global yang nyata. Mereka membawa akses kepada produk dan layanan ke pasar yang sama sekali baru. Mereka juga memberi orang kesempatan untuk belajar dan menghasilkan dengan cara baru, dan mereka memberikan identitas baru kepada orangorang karena mereka melihat potensi untuk diri mereka sendiri yang sebelumnya tidak tersedia. Oleh karena itu, kehadiran buku ini diharapkan dapat memberikan sumbangan pemikiran atau gagasan konstruktif untuk menjadikan masyarakat yang lebih maju baik secara kapasitas dalam menggunakan teknologi maupun ekonomi sebagai salah satu perwujudan dari cita cita bangsa menuju masyarakat adil dan makmur.

The paper provides a comprehensive study of social networks as a type of Internet technologies and the specifics of their use in the political space, defines the role of social networks in the politics of Ukraine. Modern approaches to the study of plowing issues are analyzed. ; У роботі комплексно досліджено соціальні мережі як різновид Інтернет – технологій та специфіку іх використання по політичному просторі, визначено роль соціальних мереж у політиці України. Проаналізовано сучасні підходи дослідження обраної проблематики.

Purpose of the study: This study aimed to find out the meaning behind the text of two streams of online newspapers in Malaysia, the present study is conducted on 'Malaysiakini' (independent newspaper) and 'The News Straits Times' (mainstream newspaper). Methodology: The research employs Norman Fairclough (1995) Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), which is analyzed with Halliday's Systematic Functional Linguistics (SFL) based on social semiotics analysis (1985). Transitivity Analysis of text is based on Halliday's work by Matthiessen (2014). Sixteen-16 (6,125 words) hard news is selected from 'Malaysiakini' and five-5 (2,270 words) from 'The New Straits Times' based on the 'defamation' category, which is selected from one week before elections. The selected dates of data are 3rd May till 9th May 2018. The news reports are selected on social actors' performances i.e. Dr.Mahathir Mohamad and Najib Razak, which are based on van Leeuwen's (2005) social semiotic framework. Main Findings: The results show Malaysiakini has portrayed independent views and given fair portrayal to both political social actors as compared to 'The News Straits Times'. Applications of this study: The study can be useful in print journalism in which grammatical words' analysis through the process of transitivity leads to determine the inclination of the newspaper towards a political party. Novelty/Originality of this study: The study may benefit readers in existing knowledge as elections' social actors have not been analyzed earlier grammatically.

Reader's comment columns on online political news pages are locations where political discussions between citizens can emerge and develop. The reader comment column is a standard feature of almost all media sites because of its ability to initiate discussion and promote a particular article or issues within the news site. Unfortunately, in its development, the online comment column's discussion process is often filled by incivility and disrespectful expressions, such as sentences containing insults, condemnation, or expressions full of anger. Such sentences have the potential to undermine the discussion process and encourage pointless arguments, especially in articles that discuss political polarity. This study aims to determine the extent to which incivility and disrespectful expressions appear in readers' comments columns of online news sites, especially on polarized political issues. This study uses content analysis techniques on 403 comments in political news on Detik.com, one of Indonesia's main news portals. The results show that although the incivility expression shows a small number, the form of disrespectful shows a high number in the readers' comments. The highest form of the expression of disrespectful is the expression tat contains name-calling (23%), followed by hyperbole (15.6%) and the use of sarcasm (6.2%). The high number of disrespectful expressions seems to be related to the comment column service feature that allows users to use anonymous identities.

A standard feature of the contemporary internet landscape is the ability for people to comment on published content and to interact with other individuals, discussing the issues at hand and engaging with each other in debate. In this thesis, I describe a method for the automatic detection of author stances in online forums with respect to discussions on divisive, polarizing social issues, such as gun control and marriage equality {--} a task which is often unproblematic for human readers of the discourse. The research investigates the linguistic and rhetorical devices used by discussion participants to express their topic stance in the context of multi-party, multi-threaded discourse. Along the way, I address necessary sub-tasks in the author stance detection problem, such as the classification of the topic stance of an individual contribution to the discourse, and the assessment of the level of agreement or disagreement between adjacent posts {--} which is crucial, given the highly interactive nature of this genre. I also identify features that provide evidence of an author's topic stance from the very structure of the discourse, without any information at all from the text of the comments posted. The final model is a collective classifier that is able to synthesize all of the stance indicators provided by these different sources, deal with the inconsistencies in this information that may arise, and arrive at a single prediction of the topic stance for every participant in the discussion. The model has many applications in industry and public life, including more tailored newsfeeds, social network suggestions, and use in political fundraising or advocacy campaigns.