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since the turn of the 2000s, urban enclaves with corrugated sheet clocks have occupied the temporarily vacant plots of property in the centre of Bangkok. They have in common to be managed by building companies and to receive unskilled labour from neighbouring countries in Thailand. In these seemingly very common enclaves, the avoidance posture of residents deviates from the ways of social recomposition observed in refugee camps, in settlements near industrial areas, or in slums or other places where exile workers are accommodated. The opportunity to insure a job on a site is accompanied by a set of rules. This includes "a contract = work = a person", which proves to be an obstacle to any form of family reunification or Community accession. In these urban enclaves, the return to normality is not an option, and it is probably even their dramatic specificity. ; International audience ; since the turn of the 2000s, urban enclaves with corrugated sheet clocks have occupied the temporarily vacant plots of property in the centre of Bangkok. They have in common to be managed by building companies and to receive unskilled labour from neighbouring countries in Thailand. In these seemingly very common enclaves, the avoidance posture of residents deviates from the ways of social recomposition observed in refugee camps, in settlements near industrial areas, or in slums or other places where exile workers are accommodated. The opportunity to insure a job on a site is accompanied by a set of rules. This includes "a contract = work = a person", which proves to be an obstacle to any form of family reunification or Community accession. In these urban enclaves, the return to normality is not an option, and it is probably even their dramatic specificity. ; Depuis le tournant des années 2000, des enclaves urbaines faites d'alignements de baraques en tôle ondulée occupent les parcelles immobilières provisoirement vacantes du centre de Bangkok. Elles ont en commun d'être gérées par des entreprises du bâtiment et d'accueillir une main ...

Die 1948 im Auftrag der US-amerikanischen Militärregierung gegründete Zeitschrift Der Monat war ein intellektueller Brennspiegel der jungen Bundesrepublik, in dem die politischen Deutungskonflikte - mit Fokus auf den Nationalsozialismus, den Sowjetkommunismus und die Zukunft der westlichen Welt - ausgetragen wurden. Zu ihrem Renommee trug bei, dass sie zahlreiche prominente Autoren wie Hannah Arendt, Raymond Aron, Hans Kohn, Herbert Lüthy, George F. Kennan oder auch die Exkommunisten Arthur Koestler, George Orwell und Richard Löwenthal versammelte. Der Autor zeigt, welches Bild in der Zeitschrift vom nationalsozialistischen und sowjetkommunistischen Herrschaftssystem gezeichnet wurde und wie der Vergleich der beiden Diktaturen ausfiel. Dabei rekonstruiert er nicht nur den Einfluss der zeitgenössischen Totalitarismustheorien sowie die Imperative der US-amerikanischen Besatzungspolitik in Westdeutschland, sondern geht auch auf die CIA-Hintergründe des Periodikums ein. Eine Studie zu den Anfängen des Kalten Krieges, die angesichts der vielschichtigen Krise der westlichen Demokratien an Aktualität gewinnt.

Wie ist es möglich geworden, Patient*innen nicht nur als passiv und leidend, sondern auch als eigensinnig und politisch zu verstehen? Die Autorin verbindet genealogische und subjektkonstitutionsanalytische Zugänge, mit denen sie die Metamorphosen des Patient*innenseins im Spannungsfeld sozialer, ökonomischer, geschichtswissenschaftlicher und medizinischer Rationalitäten von der "Geburt der Klinik" bis heute nachverfolgt. Sie zeigt, wie sich Krankenversicherungsobjekte, antipsychiatrische Bewegungen und Organisationen im Feld seltener Erkrankungen formiert haben und argumentiert, dass Patient*innen erst zu Kollektiven werden mussten, um politische Zurechenbarkeit und Agentivität zu erlangen.

Summary During the government of Miguel de la Torre in Puerto Rico (1823-1837), there were adverse climate events, including one of the most virulent hurricanes hitherto known, that of Santa Ana in 1825. This article analyses the effects these phenomena had on the island and the institutional responses that were articulated in order to mitigate their consequences. This aims to bring a new look and complement to the existing one on the management carried out by Captain and Governor General Miguel de la Torre during his term of office, in conjunction with other institutions, such as the intendent or the San Juan Cabildo. Also, analyse the possible influence of the ideas of the Enlightenment on the measures taken, highlighting the most novel aspects of their management, the political use of these actions and the reactions they provoked in some of the most affected sections of the population. ; Resumen Durante el gobierno de Miguel de la Torre en Puerto Rico (1823-1837) se produjeron fenómenos de clima adverso, entre ellos uno de los huracanes más virulentos hasta entonces conocido, el de Santa Ana de 1825. Este artículo analiza los efectos que estos fenómenos tuvieron sobre la isla y las respuestas institucionales que se articularon para paliar sus consecuencias. Con ello pretendemos aportar una nueva mirada y complementaria a la existente sobre la gestión llevada a cabo por el capitán y gobernador general Miguel de la Torre durante su mandato, de manera conjunta con otras instituciones, como el intendente o el Cabildo de San Juan. También, analizar la posible influencia de las ideas de la Ilustración en las medidas adoptadas, destacando los aspectos más novedosos de su gestión, el uso político de estas actuaciones y las reacciones que despertaron en algunos de los sectores de la población más afectados.

Globales Paradigma, nationale Normen und lokale Praxen. Das Handbuch Inklusion international verbindet theoretische Entwicklungslinien und vielfältige vergleichende Perspektiven der Inklusiven Bildung in ihrer globalen Verbreitung. Die Beiträge bieten einen umfassenden Zugang zu internationalen Diskursen, vergleichenden Forschungsergebnissen und 'inspiring practices' aus diversen Weltregionen – Europa, Afrika, Asien und Nordamerika. Besondere Aufmerksamkeit wird dabei der Relevanz komparativer Studien gewidmet. (DIPF/Verlag)

Ein paranoider Zug war der US-Politik nie fremd. Doch mit Donald Trump verstärkt ihn erstmals ein noch amtierender Präsident, mit gravierenden Folgen für die Republikanische Partei und die Gesellschaft insgesamt. (IP)

Recently, the federal government has taken numerous steps to promote the equal treatment (also known as parity) of mental and physical health issues. The two most impactful actions are the Mental Health Parity and Addiction Act of 2008 and the Affordable Care Act. These acts focus on the traditional avenue for parity change—insurance regulation. While these acts have improved parity, major gaps in coverage and treatment between mental health/substance use disorder treatment and medical/surgical treatment persist. ERISA Preemption, evasive insurer behavior, lack of enforcement, and lack of consumer education continue to plague patients and healthcare professionals. On its own, federal insurance regulation is not doing its job. While the extent of the problem varies by state, the United States is nowhere close to full mental health parity. Nonetheless, the push towards full parity continues at the state level. This Comment analyzes the parity efforts of four states: Illinois, Massachusetts, Delaware, and Pennsylvania. Each state represents a different approach to mental health parity. While some states focus on traditional insurance regulation, others enact broad changes that address specific practical and social challenges in behavioral health care. This Comment will analyze each state's actions beyond typical parity metrics and consider the holistic impact of the state's actions on the entire behavioral health system. Ultimately, this Comment will make two major recommendations. First, federal and state governments must broaden their view of parity to include implicit barriers to care outside of insurance coverage and treatment rates. Second, true parity requires states to pair stringent insurance regulation with community sourced action plans designed to mitigate current issues in the behavioral health system.

Traditionally, state legislatures implemented Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs ("PDMPs") to assist prescribers, pharmacists, and law enforcement in identifying patients likely to misuse, abuse, or divert controlled substances. PDMP databases contain a catalog of a patient's recent controlled substances that pharmacies have filled, including the date, location, the quantity of medication filled, and the prescribing health care provider. Prescribers in Pennsylvania have a duty to query the PDMP before prescribing controlled substances in most clinical settings. Pharmacists have a similar duty in Pennsylvania to dispense safe and effective medication therapy to patients and to screen patients for potential signs of misuse, abuse, or diversion. However, Pennsylvania's most recent PDMP laws, The Achieving Better Care by Monitoring All Prescriptions Program Act ("ABC-MAP" Act) and the Safe Emergency Prescribing Act ("SEP" Act), restrict a pharmacist's access to the PDMP in the hospital's emergency room. Pharmacists need PDMP access to screen for drug-drug interactions and for potential misuse, abuse, or diversion. Pharmacists' need for this tool is especially great in light of the current drug epidemic. As licensed medication experts, pharmacists have the training and expertise to identify patients at risk for chemical dependence and addiction. However, a pharmacist who accesses the PDMP for a patient who has been prescribed a controlled substance without authorization under these laws may face criminal, civil, and administrative liability that could affect his ability to maintain a license and practice pharmacy. This Comment first explains the unique standard of care that a Pennsylvania pharmacist owes to his or her patients and the interprofessional relationship between prescribers and pharmacists. This Comment then will argue that pharmacists, as essential health care providers, require PDMP access to improve patient outcomes, especially in the emergency room setting.

In April 2014, the Belgian government reduced the VAT rate on the electricity price from 21% to 6% to support low-income families. In September 2015, the tax cut was repealed, and the VAT rate was reinstated to 21% in the context of a change of government. This paper investigates the impact of such temporary and (plausibly) exogenous VAT reform on the Belgian electricity market. We study the pass-through of the VAT reform to electricity prices and the effect of this (exogenous) price change on electricity demand. We estimate the VAT pass-through on residential electricity prices by a difference-in-differences method, using business electricity prices (not subject to VAT) as a control group. Our findings reveal that both the tax cut and the tax hike were entirely shifted to the electricity price (100% pass-through). To assess the impact of the VAT change on demand, we perform a counterfactual demand analysis of the electricity flowing monthly over the grid at the network operator level. Exploiting VAT and non-VAT related price variations, our results show a price elasticity of residential demand for electricity between -0.09 and -0.17. Interestingly, we also find that demand reacted quickly and symmetrically to the VAT cut and the subsequent VAT hike.

ABSTRACT In 2020, Ecuadorian politics was not only constrained by the COVID-19 pandemic, but also stirred by political instability and an intense online electoral campaign. In this article, we outline the Ecuadorian economic, social, and political context from February 2020 to February 2021. Then, we explore the core measures and overall impacts of the COVID-19 on Ecuadorian politics. We also present the main institutional and policy changes, bearing in mind that 2020 was the last year of Lenín Moreno's presidential term. In addition, this article examines the latest electoral reform and the main issues of the electoral campaign, as well as the key results of the national and Andean elections of February 2021.

Summary. This article seeks to contribute to the understanding of narratives on drug trafficking built by young people from Mexicali, Baja California. Drug trafficking generates various ethical positions, including acceptance, rejection or ambivalence. The construction of his speeches is influenced by speeches produced by the government and the means of entertainment, as well as the degree of proximity to drug trafficking in everyday life. Discussion groups were conducted and a critical analysis of the speech was carried out. Speeches on drug trafficking have implications for the inclusion of young people in this activity and their standardisation in local contexts. It is recommended to look into personal processes that promote the rejection of drug trafficking at individual level, despite the pragmatic acceptance that normalises activity in the community. ; Resumen Este artículo busca contribuir a la comprensión de discursos sobre el narcotráfico construidos por jóvenes de Mexicali, Baja California. El narcotráfico genera diversos posicionamientos éticos que abarcan su aceptación, rechazo o ambivalencia. La construcción de sus discursos es influida por discursos producidos desde el gobierno y los medios de entretenimiento, así como por el grado de cercanía con el narcotráfico en la vida cotidiana. Se realizaron grupos de discusión y se llevó a cabo un análisis crítico del discurso. Los discursos acerca del narcotráfico tienen implicaciones para la incorporación de los jóvenes en esta actividad, así como su normalización en los contextos locales. Se recomienda indagar en los procesos personales que promueven el rechazo del narcotráfico a nivel individual, a pesar de la aceptación pragmática que normaliza la actividad en la comunidad.

Electronic distribution Cairn.info for University Presses of Franche-Comté. © University briefs of Franche-Comté. All rights reserved for all countries. Reproduction or representation of this article, in particular by photocopying, is authorised only within the limits of the general conditions of use of the site or, where applicable, the general terms and conditions of the licence entered into by your establishment. Any other reproduction or representation, in whole or in part, in any form and manner, shall be prohibited unless the publisher has given its prior written consent, except in the cases provided for by the legislation in force in France. It is specified that storage in a database is also prohibited. ; International audience ; Electronic distribution Cairn.info for University Presses of Franche-Comté. © University briefs of Franche-Comté. All rights reserved for all countries. Reproduction or representation of this article, in particular by photocopying, is authorised only within the limits of the general conditions of use of the site or, where applicable, the general terms and conditions of the licence entered into by your establishment. Any other reproduction or representation, in whole or in part, in any form and manner, shall be prohibited unless the publisher has given its prior written consent, except in the cases provided for by the legislation in force in France. It is specified that storage in a database is also prohibited. ; Distribution électronique Cairn.info pour Presses universitaires de Franche-Comté. © Presses universitaires de Franche-Comté. Tous droits réservés pour tous pays. La reproduction ou représentation de cet article, notamment par photocopie, n'est autorisée que dans les limites des conditions générales d'utilisation du site ou, le cas échéant, des conditions générales de la licence souscrite par votre établissement. Toute autre reproduction ou représentation, en tout ou partie, sous quelque forme et de quelque manière que ce soit, est interdite sauf accord préalable et écrit ...

This study provides new insights into the growth-maximizing size of government. Unlike the previous literature, which traditionally uses a single measure, government expenditure as a share of GDP, to measure the size of government, in this study we use multiple measures to measure it. Considering each of these measures, we first attempt to uncover the potential nonlinear relationship between government size and growth, and we then estimate the thresholds of government size that maximize growth. To this end, we use an appropriate econometric specification, namely the threshold autoregressive (TAR) model proposed by Hansen [1996, 2000], and apply it to Turkey's annual time-series data covering a fairly broad period ranging from 1974 to 2019. Overall, we arrive at the following key result: the size of government is not linearly correlated with growth, confirming the existence of a growth-maximizing threshold for each measure of government size, beyond which growth tends to slow down as government size continues to increase. More specifically, the results show that the range of estimated growth-maximizing size of government is between 4.28% and 15.19%, depending on how government size is defined or measured. Policymakers can take these different thresholds into account when designing their policies.

summary: The story: MEU, uncle iauaretn. it relays a body transformation from human to animal that triggers a crossing of identities in relation to nature, culture, language and politics. On the basis of this transformation, we propose a reading that deconstructs the human position in relation to the animal. The consequences of this action transform language, political relations and create a new community. The development of animals in this reading challenges the ways in which life is administered, based on biopolitics, and proposes a cosmopolistic relationship (Viveiros de Castro, canibal metaphysics), in which living as a whole builds a relationship of alliances that resist the anthropogenic machine. ; Resumen: El cuento "Meu tío iauaretê" relata una transformación corporal de lo humano a lo animal que activa un cruce de identidades en relación con la naturaleza, la cultura, el lenguaje y la política. A partir de esa transformación proponemos una lectura que deconstruye la posición de lo humano en relación con lo animal. Las consecuencias de esa acción transforman el lenguaje, las relaciones políticas y crean una nueva comunidad. El devenir animal en esta lectura desafía las formas de administración de la vida, basada en la biopolítica, y propone una relación cosmopolítica (Viveiros de Castro, Metafísicas caníbales), en que el conjunto de lo viviente construye una relación de alianzas que resisten la máquina antropogénica.

It seems very difficult for anyone who wants to study the life and work of Louis-François Bertin, says Bertin the elder, (1766-1841) to separate the three aspects that characterise them, journalism, politics and culture, as they form a whole, as they prove to be the guiding axis of his old. By focusing on the period from the First Empire to the Second Republic, we try to clarify Bertin's elder contribution in the various fields of the press, politics and culture, focusing on its conceptions, relations with its contemporary times, and its historical role. In doing so, we discover his journalistic innovations, supporters and oppositions to successive authorities, his political development, his victories and disappointments, his actions outside the newspaper. ; Il paraît bien difficile pour quiconque entend étudier la vie et l'œuvre de Louis-François Bertin, dit Bertin l'Aîné, (1766-1841) de séparer les trois aspects qui les caractérisent, le journalisme, la politique et la culture, tant ils forment un tout, tant ils se révèlent être l'axe directeur de sa vie.En privilégiant la période allant du Premier Empire à la Deuxième République, nous tentons de préciser la contribution de Bertin l'Aîné dans les différents domaines de la presse, de la politique et de la culture, nous attachant à ses conceptions, aux relations qu'il entretint avec ses contemporains, et à son rôle historique déterminant. Nous découvrons, ce faisant, ses innovations journalistiques, ses soutiens et ses oppositions aux autorités successives, son évolution politique, ses victoires et déceptions, ses actions en dehors du journal.