Suchergebnisse

Investment approval processes are the gateway through which governments set the agenda for their country's investment environment. Yet too often these processes fail to incorporate meaningful requirements regarding participation in decision-making by Indigenous and other affected communities, increasing the risk of under-performing and conflict-ridden investments. Enabling meaningful participation by rights holders and obtaining and maintaining their Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) throughout different investment approval processes can help governments to fulfill their legal obligations, mitigate financial and political risk, and, ultimately, attract more sustainable land-based investments. Featuring concrete guidance and drawing on case studies from Kenya, Liberia, Mexico, Peru, the Philippines, and Sierra Leone, this briefing explains how governments can incorporate FPIC and meaningful consultation into each stage of the investment, namely: Creating an enabling environment and attracting the right investors Registration of intent and screening Community consultations and impact assessments Permits, contract negotiation, and approval Throughout the life of the project

This chapter discusses how accounting for macroeconomic perspectives when establishing agricultural policies can help African governments ensure that their agricultural sectors become productive, competitive, and lucrative across agricultural value chains. It presents the two-way linkages between agricultureled growth strategies and macroeconomic policies by focusing on price, fiscal, monetary, exchange rate, and trade policies. It also discusses the main constraints to effective agricultural policy and the options for integrating agricultural perspectives when developing macroeconomic policies. ; PR ; IFPRI4; ReSAKSS ; AFR

This article addresses the process of political construction, deployed by horticultural producers, grouped in the Excluded Workers Movement- (CTEP), analyzing the ways in which the organization of the collective is embodied in precarious experiences. We place this experience in a landscape of great public visibility and social conflict, in the family farming sector, in Argentina for the period 2016-2018. We argue that the need to "sustain life," within the framework of deep and historical precarious conditions, enabled the collective construction of union organizational forms that involved the production of politics and therefore the conformation of political subjects. From an ethnographic approach and from a participatory methodology, we propose (re) to think about the horizons of possibility for the political action of the popular sectors, in a context of retraction of rights and welfare around work and life. ; Este artículo aborda el proceso de construcción política, desplegado por productores hortícolas, agrupados en el Movimiento de Trabajadores Excluidos- (CTEP), analizando los modos en que la organización del colectivo se encarna en experiencias de precariedad. Situamos dicha experiencia en un escenario de gran visibilidad pública y de conflictividad social, de parte del sector de la agricultura familiar, en Argentina para el periodo 2016-2018. Argumentamos que la necesidad de "sostener la vida", en el marco de profundas e históricas condiciones de precariedad, posibilitó la construcción colectiva de formas organizativas gremiales que implicaron producción de política y por ello la conformación de sujetos políticos. Desde un enfoque etnográfico y a partir de una metodología participativa, nos proponemos (re) pensar los horizontes de posibilidad para la acción política de los sectores populares, en un contexto de retracción de derechos y bienestares en torno al trabajo y a la vida. ; Este artigo trata do processo de construção política, implantado por produtores hortícolas, agrupados no Movimento dos Trabalhadores Excluídos (CTEP), analisando as formas pelas quais a organização do coletivo é incorporada em experiências precárias. Colocamos essa experiência em um cenário de grande visibilidade pública e conflito social, por parte do setor de agricultura familiar na Argentina para o período 2016-2018. Argumentamos que a necessidade de "sustentar a vida", no quadro de condições precárias profundas e históricas, possibilitou a construção coletiva de formas organizacionais sindicais que envolviam a produção da política e, portanto, a conformação de sujeitos políticos. A partir de uma abordagem etnográfica e de uma metodologia participativa, propomos (re) pensar os horizontes de possibilidade para a ação política dos setores populares, em um contexto de retração de direitos e bem-estar em torno do trabalho e da vida.

This article addresses the process of political construction, deployed by horticultural producers, grouped in the Excluded Workers Movement- (CTEP), analyzing the ways in which the organization of the collective is embodied in precarious experiences. We place this experience in a landscape of great public visibility and social conflict, in the family farming sector, in Argentina for the period 2016-2018. We argue that the need to "sustain life," within the framework of deep and historical precarious conditions, enabled the collective construction of union organizational forms that involved the production of politics and therefore the conformation of political subjects. From an ethnographic approach and from a participatory methodology, we propose (re) to think about the horizons of possibility for the political action of the popular sectors, in a context of retraction of rights and welfare around work and life. ; Este artículo aborda el proceso de construcción política, desplegado por productores hortícolas, agrupados en el Movimiento de Trabajadores Excluidos- (CTEP), analizando los modos en que la organización del colectivo se encarna en experiencias de precariedad. Situamos dicha experiencia en un escenario de gran visibilidad pública y de conflictividad social, de parte del sector de la agricultura familiar, en Argentina para el periodo 2016-2018. Argumentamos que la necesidad de "sostener la vida", en el marco de profundas e históricas condiciones de precariedad, posibilitó la construcción colectiva de formas organizativas gremiales que implicaron producción de política y por ello la conformación de sujetos políticos. Desde un enfoque etnográfico y a partir de una metodología participativa, nos proponemos (re) pensar los horizontes de posibilidad para la acción política de los sectores populares, en un contexto de retracción de derechos y bienestares en torno al trabajo y a la vida. ; Este artigo trata do processo de construção política, implantado por produtores hortícolas, agrupados no Movimento dos Trabalhadores Excluídos (CTEP), analisando as formas pelas quais a organização do coletivo é incorporada em experiências precárias. Colocamos essa experiência em um cenário de grande visibilidade pública e conflito social, por parte do setor de agricultura familiar na Argentina para o período 2016-2018. Argumentamos que a necessidade de "sustentar a vida", no quadro de condições precárias profundas e históricas, possibilitou a construção coletiva de formas organizacionais sindicais que envolviam a produção da política e, portanto, a conformação de sujeitos políticos. A partir de uma abordagem etnográfica e de uma metodologia participativa, propomos (re) pensar os horizontes de possibilidade para a ação política dos setores populares, em um contexto de retração de direitos e bem-estar em torno do trabalho e da vida.

Rapport final du contrat de recherche "Ubérisation des transports routiers de marchandises". 1. Colisvoiturage; 2. Plateformes de livraisons de repas; 3. Bourses de fret; 4. Rentabilité des plateformes de course urbaine.

Applying competition law to the agricultural sector is regularly debated, given the agricultural market's many specificities and multifunctional nature. The shift towards the liberalisation of these markets has led to an enhanced position for agricultural economic organisations, such as producer organisations (PO), associations of producer organisations (APO) and interbranch organisations (IO), all within the framework of the common agricultural policy (CAP). The tasks entrusted to these organisations concerning the structuring and management of agricultural markets inevitably lead to discussions about volumes and prices - normally prohibited by common competition law. In the course of the reforms on the regulation pertaining to the common organisation of the markets (COM) for agricultural products, measures derogating from article 101, paragraph 1, of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) prohibiting anticompetitive agreements were developed so that agricultural economic organisations may guarantee agricultural market regulation. Nonetheless, the need to protect effective competition on agricultural markets is reasserted by case law, to ensure these markets are indeed integrated into the European Union's internal market, and given the extent to which competition contributes to the completion of common agricultural policy (CAP) objectives. Setting the framework for the intervention of agricultural economic organisations falling outside competition law is thus a difficult feat. ; L'application du droit de la concurrence au secteur agricole est régulièrement discutée en raison des spécificités des marchés agricoles et du caractère multifonctionnel de l'agriculture. Le mouvement de libéralisation de ces marchés a conduit au développement de la place des organisations économiques agricoles, telles que les organisations de producteurs (OP), associations d'organisations de producteurs (AOP) et organisations interprofessionnelles (OI), dans le cadre de la politique agricole commune (PAC). Les missions confiées à ces organisations en matière de structuration et de gestion des marchés agricoles conduisent nécessairement à des concertations en matière de volumes et de prix, normalement prohibées par le droit commun de la concurrence. Au cours des réformes de la réglementation portant sur l'organisation commune des marchés (OCM) des produits agricoles, les mesures dérogatoires à l'article 101, paragraphe 1, du Traité sur le fonctionnement de l'Union européenne (TFUE) prohibant les ententes anticoncurrentielles, ont été développées afin que les organisations économiques agricoles puissent assurer la régulation des marchés agricoles. Pour autant, la nécessité de protéger une concurrence effective sur les marchés agricoles est réaffirmée par la jurisprudence afin d'assurer l'intégration de ces marchés au marché intérieur de l'Union européenne et en raison de la contribution de la concurrence à la réalisation des objectifs de la politique agricole commune (PAC). La délimitation du cadre d'intervention des organisations économiques agricoles échappant au droit de la concurrence est alors difficile à déterminer.

Chapter 10 ; International audience ; Among the 257 million migrants on the planet, in 2017 it is estimated that 66 million persons have been forcibly displaced1. This number has steadily increased over the last decade and is mostly composed of people displaced in their own countries (40.3 million in 2016). The next big group (22.5 million) consists of refugees forced to flee their country (UNHCR, 2017). Stateless people are often forgotten but they also deserve attention. There are many causes for distress migration: besides conflicts and wars, the negative impacts of climate change, the degradation of the environment and the occurrence of natural hazards are laying their burden on peoples' livelihoods. It is important to realise that 84% of migrants are hosted by developing regions (UNHCR, 2017). There is a need for international, regional and local governments to re-think policies, programmes, spatial and social planning. The UN pleas for a clear focus on facilitating safe, orderly and regular migration, enabling beneficial impact of migration for migrants and countries, for communities of destination and of origin (UN, 2017). To reach this objective, inclusive and comprehensive strategies are of utmost importance. The primary challenge for governments in the development of such inclusive and comprehensive strategies is to gain full understanding of the different forms of mobility, the complexity of interlinkages and spatial dispersion. These comprehensive strategies consist of innovative social and technical interventions and new modes of governance in response to the challenges and the specific context.

Applying competition law to the agricultural sector is regularly debated, given the agricultural market's many specificities and multifunctional nature. The shift towards the liberalisation of these markets has led to an enhanced position for agricultural economic organisations, such as producer organisations (PO), associations of producer organisations (APO) and interbranch organisations (IO), all within the framework of the common agricultural policy (CAP). The tasks entrusted to these organisations concerning the structuring and management of agricultural markets inevitably lead to discussions about volumes and prices - normally prohibited by common competition law. In the course of the reforms on the regulation pertaining to the common organisation of the markets (COM) for agricultural products, measures derogating from article 101, paragraph 1, of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) prohibiting anticompetitive agreements were developed so that agricultural economic organisations may guarantee agricultural market regulation. Nonetheless, the need to protect effective competition on agricultural markets is reasserted by case law, to ensure these markets are indeed integrated into the European Union's internal market, and given the extent to which competition contributes to the completion of common agricultural policy (CAP) objectives. Setting the framework for the intervention of agricultural economic organisations falling outside competition law is thus a difficult feat. ; L'application du droit de la concurrence au secteur agricole est régulièrement discutée en raison des spécificités des marchés agricoles et du caractère multifonctionnel de l'agriculture. Le mouvement de libéralisation de ces marchés a conduit au développement de la place des organisations économiques agricoles, telles que les organisations de producteurs (OP), associations d'organisations de producteurs (AOP) et organisations interprofessionnelles (OI), dans le cadre de la politique agricole commune (PAC). Les ...

Chapter 10 ; International audience ; Among the 257 million migrants on the planet, in 2017 it is estimated that 66 million persons have been forcibly displaced1. This number has steadily increased over the last decade and is mostly composed of people displaced in their own countries (40.3 million in 2016). The next big group (22.5 million) consists of refugees forced to flee their country (UNHCR, 2017). Stateless people are often forgotten but they also deserve attention. There are many causes for distress migration: besides conflicts and wars, the negative impacts of climate change, the degradation of the environment and the occurrence of natural hazards are laying their burden on peoples' livelihoods. It is important to realise that 84% of migrants are hosted by developing regions (UNHCR, 2017). There is a need for international, regional and local governments to re-think policies, programmes, spatial and social planning. The UN pleas for a clear focus on facilitating safe, orderly and regular migration, enabling beneficial impact of migration for migrants and countries, for communities of destination and of origin (UN, 2017). To reach this objective, inclusive and comprehensive strategies are of utmost importance. The primary challenge for governments in the development of such inclusive and comprehensive strategies is to gain full understanding of the different forms of mobility, the complexity of interlinkages and spatial dispersion. These comprehensive strategies consist of innovative social and technical interventions and new modes of governance in response to the challenges and the specific context.

Rapport final du contrat de recherche "Ubérisation des transports routiers de marchandises". 1. Colisvoiturage; 2. Plateformes de livraisons de repas; 3. Bourses de fret; 4. Rentabilité des plateformes de course urbaine.

International audience ; In France, urban local authorities are showing a growing interest in their neighbouring agricultural areas: to strengthen their local food system, they encourage farmers to farm land which they themselves own. How do they come to implement such actions? Which types of land, farmers and farming methods are targeted? Qualitative surveys were carried out in the urban agglomerations of Amiens (in Picardy) and in, Millau and Saint-Affrique (both in the southern Massif Central). These urban initiatives have little strategic direction. They target market gardening and short supply chains. This type of farming style is set up on farmlands which have a specific legal, physical and symbolical status. A diversity of land tenure forms is used by the local authorities indicating how conflicting legitimacies are assigned to farmland in relation to the local provision of food. ; En France, des intercommunalités de villes intermédiaires portent un intérêt nouveau aux terres agricoles de leur périphérie. Pour renforcer leur système alimentaire local, elles font exploiter du foncier public. Comment en arrivent-elles à mettre en œuvre de telles actions ? Quels types de terres, d'agriculteurs et de modèle agricole ciblent-elles ? Nous donnons un aperçu de trois trajectoires urbaines, à partir d'enquêtes qualitatives dans les intercommunalités d'Amiens, Millau et Saint-Affrique. Peu stratégiques, elles ciblent le maraîchage en circuit court et cherchent à l'implanter sur des terres aux statuts juridiques, physiques et symboliques particuliers. Les différentes formes de mise à disposition renvoient à des légitimités en conflit du rôle des terres dans l'approvisionnement alimentaire local.

International audience ; In France, urban local authorities are showing a growing interest in their neighbouring agricultural areas: to strengthen their local food system, they encourage farmers to farm land which they themselves own. How do they come to implement such actions? Which types of land, farmers and farming methods are targeted? Qualitative surveys were carried out in the urban agglomerations of Amiens (in Picardy) and in, Millau and Saint-Affrique (both in the southern Massif Central). These urban initiatives have little strategic direction. They target market gardening and short supply chains. This type of farming style is set up on farmlands which have a specific legal, physical and symbolical status. A diversity of land tenure forms is used by the local authorities indicating how conflicting legitimacies are assigned to farmland in relation to the local provision of food. ; En France, des intercommunalités de villes intermédiaires portent un intérêt nouveau aux terres agricoles de leur périphérie. Pour renforcer leur système alimentaire local, elles font exploiter du foncier public. Comment en arrivent-elles à mettre en œuvre de telles actions ? Quels types de terres, d'agriculteurs et de modèle agricole ciblent-elles ? Nous donnons un aperçu de trois trajectoires urbaines, à partir d'enquêtes qualitatives dans les intercommunalités d'Amiens, Millau et Saint-Affrique. Peu stratégiques, elles ciblent le maraîchage en circuit court et cherchent à l'implanter sur des terres aux statuts juridiques, physiques et symboliques particuliers. Les différentes formes de mise à disposition renvoient à des légitimités en conflit du rôle des terres dans l'approvisionnement alimentaire local.