Suchergebnisse

International audience ; Dans cette contribution, après avoir retracé l'émergence historique de la catégorie « drag » et circonscrit les contours sémantiques dessinés par cette notion, notamment par rapport à d'autres catégories proches comme « travestissement » et « camp », nous mettrons en évidence ses apports pour une vision performative des pratiques de transformation corporelle genrées. Dans ce cadre, nous présentons les enjeux politiques et épistémologiques de la distinction entre performance et performativité, de l'approche intersectionnelle des pratiques Drag et d'une lecture chorégraphique inspirée par les dance studies. En conclusion, nous montrons quelques pistes de recherche qui permettent de dépasser une vision dichotomique des pratiques Drag (« Drag Queen » versus « Drag King ») pour proposer une vision fluide et plurielle des genres. Renvois aux notices : Danse, Espace urbain, Langage, Queer, Religion, Trans', Vêtement, Regard et culture visuelle

International audience ; Dans cette contribution, après avoir retracé l'émergence historique de la catégorie « drag » et circonscrit les contours sémantiques dessinés par cette notion, notamment par rapport à d'autres catégories proches comme « travestissement » et « camp », nous mettrons en évidence ses apports pour une vision performative des pratiques de transformation corporelle genrées. Dans ce cadre, nous présentons les enjeux politiques et épistémologiques de la distinction entre performance et performativité, de l'approche intersectionnelle des pratiques Drag et d'une lecture chorégraphique inspirée par les dance studies. En conclusion, nous montrons quelques pistes de recherche qui permettent de dépasser une vision dichotomique des pratiques Drag (« Drag Queen » versus « Drag King ») pour proposer une vision fluide et plurielle des genres. Renvois aux notices : Danse, Espace urbain, Langage, Queer, Religion, Trans', Vêtement, Regard et culture visuelle

International audience ; Dans cette contribution, après avoir retracé l'émergence historique de la catégorie « drag » et circonscrit les contours sémantiques dessinés par cette notion, notamment par rapport à d'autres catégories proches comme « travestissement » et « camp », nous mettrons en évidence ses apports pour une vision performative des pratiques de transformation corporelle genrées. Dans ce cadre, nous présentons les enjeux politiques et épistémologiques de la distinction entre performance et performativité, de l'approche intersectionnelle des pratiques Drag et d'une lecture chorégraphique inspirée par les dance studies. En conclusion, nous montrons quelques pistes de recherche qui permettent de dépasser une vision dichotomique des pratiques Drag (« Drag Queen » versus « Drag King ») pour proposer une vision fluide et plurielle des genres. Renvois aux notices : Danse, Espace urbain, Langage, Queer, Religion, Trans', Vêtement, Regard et culture visuelle

Identity in work groups : the beneficial and detrimental consequences of multiple identities and group norms for collaboration and group performance / Naomi Ellemers, Floor Rink -- The effects of status and group membership modeled in a graph-theoretic setting / Christopher Barnum -- Politicized collective identity : collective identity and political protest / Bert Klandermans -- Recognition of gender identity and task performance / Allison K. Wisecup, Miller McPherson, Lynn Smith-Lovin -- Uncertainty, social identity, and ideology / Michael A. Hogg -- Social identities and social context : social attitudes and personal well-being / John F. Dovidio, Samuel L. Gaertner, Adam R. Pearson, Blake M. Riek -- New directions in identity control theory / Jan E. Stets, Peter J. Burke -- Identity maintenance, affect control, and cognitive performance / Michael J. Lovaglia, Reef Youngreen, Dawn T. Robinson -- Making good on a promise : the impact of larger social structures on commitments / Sheldon Stryker, Richard T. Serpe, Matthew O. Hunt -- Preface / Shane R. Thye, Edward J. Lawler. - Advances in Group Processes publishes theoretical analyses, reviews and theory based empirical chapters on group phenomena. Volume 22, the fourth volume of a 5-series set, includes papers that address fundamental issues of Social Identification in Groups. Chapter one examines how group identities can have beneficial and detrimental effects on workplace commitment. The second chapter examines the emotional reactions that emerge when transient meanings do not match the meaning of ones identity standard. The third chapter uses identity theories to understand how performance on an academic test is impaired when scoring well on the test is not consistent with the identity. As a group, these three chapters address new empirical and theoretical problems at the cutting edge of identity theory and research. The next three chapters take on issues of identity and social structure. Chapter four theorizes and tests a core idea in identity theory, that structural constraints and opportunities shape the development of commitments to social relations. The authors conduct a test of this claim using survey data from a five county region of southern California. The next chapter integrates status characteristics theory with principles from social identity theory to show how status structures and group membership combine to produce influence in task settings. Chapter six puts forward a theory of collective identity that addresses whether collective identities cause or are caused by participation in a social movements, and whether subgroup identities are inversely or positively related to larger group identities. The next two papers address issues of social identity and uncertainty. Chapter seven tests and supports the claim that people take longer to define the identity of androgynous looking individuals, and that their presence will slow performance on a cognitive task. Chapter eight examines the emergence of ideology in the context of theory and research on uncertainty, group identification, group prototypes and entitativity. The final chapter in the volume seeks to understand how multiple identity standards can be activated simultaneously, and how identity perceptions shift from members of separate groups to members of a single, more inclusive group. Overall, the volume includes papers that reflect a wide range of theoretical approaches to social identity and contributions by major scholars that work in the general area of group processes

This dissertation studies the relationship between emotions and the everday application of apartheid in South Africa between 1948 and 1990. Histories of apartheid have long been politics-driven, focusing on the rise and fall of the regime with its reception being studied primarily through the lens of the popular struggle that, in part, led to apartheid's downfall. Thus, the lived experience and reception on the ground of everyday racial segregation in South Africa during the National Party era, remains to a degree unexplored. While apartheid was expressed through multiple practices, the so-called 'petty' apartheid sphere, I argue, proffered opportunities for racial notions to be installed in the individual on a consistent basis. From this point of departure, I ask what role emotions, when thought of theoretically as biocultural entities, played in creating, naturalising and undermining the logics of race, as well as class and gender, that petty apartheid laws reflected and sought to cultivate. In three empirical chapters, which each focuses on a specific piece of petty apartheid legislation, I draw out so-called 'emotional encounters' from a source material produced chiefly by the bureaucracy, the judicature, and the press, as well as supplementary material in the form of autobiography, parliamentary debates, fiction, and legislative texts to interrogate the operation and experience of apartheid. In what resembles a discourse analysis, I explore episodes emerging as a result of the segregation of recreational space, the prohibition of interracial romantic relationships and the application of the socially constructed ontology of race that accompanied official race classifications and the opportunity to be 're-classified'. I discuss what these encounters tell us about how emotions mark differences between individuals and define social communities and furthermore inquire into what they potentially reveal about the relative longevity of apartheid.The first chapter shows how specific emotions such as anger, pain and disgust pertaining to the use of otherwise 'happy places' worked to sustain racial hierarchies and ideology within the context of recreational space. The second chapter homes in on the apparent importance of employing successful emotion management in accordance with racialised and gendered standards with regards to interracial love and sex. The third chapter revolves around the disjunctions for individuals between their 'emotional' and social communities that apartheid-era race classification and re-classification cases laid bare. In the concluding chapter and epilogue, I argue that petty apartheid laws enforced a constant, everyday experience of racialised social and emotional control. For segregation to endure, racial logics and ideology would have to be 'felt' by those who lived it. While feelings are culturally informed, their ability to operate as markers of truth lie in that to the individual or the community, they seldom manifest themselves as anything other than natural, innate, entities. This fact, paradoxically, also means that those historical subjects who transgressed established emotional norms, did so because what they knew to be 'right', to them, felt wrong. In this way, emotions could also defy and challenge racialised structures. Tentatively, the dissertation suggests that cultures of emotion, when conceived of as a form of internalised habits, evolve at a slower rate than formal political or societal changes. Indeed, newer research shows that many of the examples of racialised emotional practice that this dissertation covers, endure in contemporary South African society.

The purpose of the articleis to investigate the essence and manifestations of the influence of hi-hume technologies on the value orientations of society and in general and the transormation of the value paradigm at the present stage. The research methodologyconsists in the application of analytical, axiological, culturological approaches in the study of hi-hume-technologies as one of the fundamental factors of transformation of socio-cultural reality and its value-semantic definitions. The scientific novelty of the workis that for the first time the essence of hi-hume technologies in the culturological aspect and as a factor influencing the transformation of valuesof modern society is analyzed and studied. Conclusions.Technoevolution of the XXI century. has a comprehensive impact on man and is one of the most important parts of human progress. Technology as an external inorganic human organ and the continuation of biological sensors has become a mediator that creates a new environment for humans. Postmodern and global transformations have led to a crisis in the axiological sphere, associated with the search for new values for the development of society and the reassessment of existing meanings and values. The transformation of values in the process of historical development of society is that the values that were formed and dominated at a certain stage of social development, later proved incapable due to new social requirements. The transformation of core values changes people's attitudes towards power, religion, politics, gender roles and norms, where there is both continuity in the preservation of certain values and an unstable balance between traditional and new pragmatic valuesthat ensure success and material prosperity. Hi-hume technology at the beginning of the XXI century. become an intellectual resource that allows not only to study and predict various social changes, but also provides effective tools for providing effective management influence on social space and obtaining a predictable social result. ; Мета роботи –дослідити сутність та вияви впливу hi-humeтехнологій на цінінісні орієнтири соціуму і загалом і транссорумвання ціннісної парадигми на сучасному етапі.Методологія дослідженняполягає у застосуванні аналітичного, аксіологічного, культурологічного підходів у вивченніhi-hume-технологій як одного з основоположних факторів трансформування соціокультурної реальності та її ціннісно-смислових визначень. Наукова новизна роботи полягає у тому, що вперше проаналізовано та досліджено сутність hi-humeтехнологій в культурологічному аспекті та як чинник впливу на трансформацію цінностей сучасного соціуму. Висновки.Техноеволюція XXIст. справляє всеохопний вплив на людину і є однією з найважливіших ланок поступу людства. Техніка як зовнішній неорганічний орган людини та продовження біологічних сенсорів стала медіатором, який формує нове середовище для людини. Постмодерні та глобальні перетворення обумовили кризу в аксіологічній сфері, пов'язану із пошуками нових ціннісних орієнтирів розвитку суспільства та переоцінкою існуючих сенсів і цінностей. Трансформація цінностей в процесі історичного розвитку суспільства полягає в тому, що цінності, які сформувалися та домінували на певному етапі суспільного розвитку, у подальшому виявилися недієздатними у зв'язку з новими суспільними вимогами. Трансформування базових цінностей змінює орієнтації людей по відношенню до влади, релігії, політики, гендерних ролей і норм, де спостерігається як спадкоємність у збереженні певних цінностей, так і нестійка рівновага між традиційними і новими прагматичними цінностями, що забезпечують успішність діяльності та матеріального процвітання. Hi-hume-технології на початку XXIст. стають тим інтелектуальним ресурсом, що дозволяє не тільки вивчати і прогнозувати різні соціальні зміни, але і дає дієві інструментидля надання ефективного керуючого впливу на соціальний простір та отримання прогнозованого соціального результату.

The purpose of the articleis to investigate the essence and manifestations of the influence of hi-hume technologies on the value orientations of society and in general and the transormation of the value paradigm at the present stage. The research methodologyconsists in the application of analytical, axiological, culturological approaches in the study of hi-hume-technologies as one of the fundamental factors of transformation of socio-cultural reality and its value-semantic definitions. The scientific novelty of the workis that for the first time the essence of hi-hume technologies in the culturological aspect and as a factor influencing the transformation of valuesof modern society is analyzed and studied. Conclusions.Technoevolution of the XXI century. has a comprehensive impact on man and is one of the most important parts of human progress. Technology as an external inorganic human organ and the continuation of biological sensors has become a mediator that creates a new environment for humans. Postmodern and global transformations have led to a crisis in the axiological sphere, associated with the search for new values for the development of society and the reassessment of existing meanings and values. The transformation of values in the process of historical development of society is that the values that were formed and dominated at a certain stage of social development, later proved incapable due to new social requirements. The transformation of core values changes people's attitudes towards power, religion, politics, gender roles and norms, where there is both continuity in the preservation of certain values and an unstable balance between traditional and new pragmatic valuesthat ensure success and material prosperity. Hi-hume technology at the beginning of the XXI century. become an intellectual resource that allows not only to study and predict various social changes, but also provides effective tools for providing effective management influence on social space and obtaining a predictable social result. ; Мета роботи –дослідити сутність та вияви впливу hi-humeтехнологій на цінінісні орієнтири соціуму і загалом і транссорумвання ціннісної парадигми на сучасному етапі.Методологія дослідженняполягає у застосуванні аналітичного, аксіологічного, культурологічного підходів у вивченніhi-hume-технологій як одного з основоположних факторів трансформування соціокультурної реальності та її ціннісно-смислових визначень. Наукова новизна роботи полягає у тому, що вперше проаналізовано та досліджено сутність hi-humeтехнологій в культурологічному аспекті та як чинник впливу на трансформацію цінностей сучасного соціуму. Висновки.Техноеволюція XXIст. справляє всеохопний вплив на людину і є однією з найважливіших ланок поступу людства. Техніка як зовнішній неорганічний орган людини та продовження біологічних сенсорів стала медіатором, який формує нове середовище для людини. Постмодерні та глобальні перетворення обумовили кризу в аксіологічній сфері, пов'язану із пошуками нових ціннісних орієнтирів розвитку суспільства та переоцінкою існуючих сенсів і цінностей. Трансформація цінностей в процесі історичного розвитку суспільства полягає в тому, що цінності, які сформувалися та домінували на певному етапі суспільного розвитку, у подальшому виявилися недієздатними у зв'язку з новими суспільними вимогами. Трансформування базових цінностей змінює орієнтації людей по відношенню до влади, релігії, політики, гендерних ролей і норм, де спостерігається як спадкоємність у збереженні певних цінностей, так і нестійка рівновага між традиційними і новими прагматичними цінностями, що забезпечують успішність діяльності та матеріального процвітання. Hi-hume-технології на початку XXIст. стають тим інтелектуальним ресурсом, що дозволяє не тільки вивчати і прогнозувати різні соціальні зміни, але і дає дієві інструментидля надання ефективного керуючого впливу на соціальний простір та отримання прогнозованого соціального результату.

Background: Adolescent girls in humanitarian settings are especially vulnerable as their support systems are often disrupted. More than 20 years of violence in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has weakened the health system, resulting in poor sexual and reproductive health (SRH) outcomes for women. Little evidence on adolescent contraceptive use in humanitarian settings is available. CARE, International Rescue Committee (IRC), and Save the Children, in collaboration with the Reproductive Health Access, Information and Services in Emergencies (RAISE) Initiative, Columbia University, have supported the Ministry of Health (MOH) since 2011 to provide good quality contraceptive services in public health facilities in conflict-affected North and South Kivu. In this study, we analyzed contraceptive use among sexually active young women aged 15-–24 in the health zones served by the partners' programs. Methods and findings: The partners conducted cross-sectional population-based surveys in program areas of North and South Kivu using two-stage cluster sampling in six health zones in July-–August 2016 and 2017. Twenty-five clusters were selected in each health zone, 22 households in each cluster, and one woman of reproductive age (15–-49 years) was randomly selected in each household. This manuscript presents results from a secondary data analysis for 1,022 women aged 15–-24 who reported ever having sex: 326 adolescents (15–-19 years) and 696 young women (20–-24 years olds ), 31.7% (95% confidence interval [(CI]) 29.5–-34.1), of whom were displaced at least once in the previous five years. Contraceptive knowledge was high, with over 90% of both groups able to name at least one modern contraceptive method. Despite this high knowledge, unmet need for contraception was also high: 31.7% (95%CI 27.9–-35.7) among 15–-19- year- olds and 40.1% (95% CI 37.1–-43.1, p = 0.001) among 20–-24- year- olds. Current modern contraceptive use (16.5%, 95% CI, 14.7–-18.4) was similar in both age groups, the majority of whom received their method from a supported health facility. Among current users, more than half of 15–-19- year- olds were using a long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC; 51.7%, 95% CI 41.1–-61.9) compared to 36.5% of 20–-24- year- olds (95% CI 29.6–-43.9, p = 0.02). Age, Being unmarried, younger age of sexual debut, having some secondary education, being unmarried, and having begun childbearing were associated with modern contraceptive use. The main limitations of our study are related to insecurity in three health zones that prevented access to some villages, reducing the representativeness of our data, and our defining sexually active women as those who have ever had sex. Conclusions: In this study, to our knowledge one of the first to measure contraceptive prevalence among adolescents in a humanitarian setting, we observed that adolescent and young women will use modern contraception, including long-acting methods. Meaningful engagement of adolescent and young women would likely contribute to even better outcomes. Creating an enabling environment by addressing gender and social norms, however, are is key to reducing stigma and meeting the demand for contraception of young women. As we continue to build such supportive environments, we can see that they will use effective contraception when contraceptive services, including short- and long-acting methods, are available, even in protracted crisis settings.

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to assess how employees from historically marginalized groups (men and women of color and white women) perceive Fortune's "100 Best Companies to Work For"® (BCWF) in terms of two outcomes that are related to diversity and inclusion: fairness and camaraderie. The authors focus on fairness as a way to measure perceptions of general treatment with respect to demographic characteristics associated with bias and discrimination, and on camaraderie as a way to measure perceptions of the inclusiveness of coworker relationships.


Design/methodology/approach
Hierarchical linear regression models are used to analyze survey responses from 620,802 employees in 1,054 companies that applied for the BCWF list between 2006 and 2011 in the USA. The authors compare the perceptions of employees in firms that are selected for the list to those of their demographic counterparts in firms not selected for the list. The authors also compare the perceptions of employees from historically marginalized groups to those of white men within firms that make the list and examine how these differences compare to the same differences within firms that do not make the list.


Findings
The findings reveal that the perceptions of men and women of color and white women in companies that make the "best" list are more positive than their demographic counterparts in companies that do not make the list. The authors also find, however, that the perceptions of employees from historically marginalized groups are more negative than those of white men in the "best" workplaces, and these patterns are similar to those in firms that do not make the list. For perceptions of fairness, the differences between employees from historically marginalized groups and white men are smaller in companies that make the list.


Research limitations/implications
The findings are based on average effect sizes across a large number of companies and employees, and the data do not provide insight into the actual organizational processes that are driving employee perceptions. In addition, the employee survey data are self-reported, and may be subject to recall and self-serving biases. Finally, the authors use measures of fairness and camaraderie that have not been rigorously tested in past research.


Practical implications
Managers seeking to improve experiences of fairness and camaraderie should pay particular attention to how race/ethnicity and gender influence these experiences, and how they do so intersectionally. Attending to these differences is particularly important to the extent that experiences of fairness and camaraderie are related to organizational trust, the key metric on which companies are selected for the "best" workplaces list, and a quality of organizational relationships that previous research has found to be positively related to key individual and firm-level outcomes.


Originality/value
The paper provides the first assessment of demographic variation in the outcomes of employees in companies selected for the BCWF. Since selection to this list is based on the presence of trust, the authors' findings also provide potential insight into how informal organizational processes that are associated with trust, such as leadership behaviors, peer relationships, and workplace norms, are viewed and experienced by men and women of color and white women. Finally, the authors analyze outcomes relating to camaraderie, a construct that has received little attention in the literature.

Globalization is an important social phenomenon affecting all aspects of our lives. It also plays a huge role in shaping popular culture, influencing today's youth and their self-identity. The aim of this thesis is to explore a form of American youth culture that became a global phenomenon, but with a particular focus on its expression, form and meaning in a local Asian/Chinese context. This global phenomenon is accessed by the way that hip-hop is represented, produced, consumed, regulated and serves to construct youth identity in Hong Kong (HK). These processes are studied using an ethnographic approach that draws from field observations, semi-structured questions and in-depth interviews in youth dance settings. The research findings show how hip-hop, as a global youth culture, has transcended culture, gender and class differences across geographic boundaries and into Asia. Hip-hop culture is defined and redefined by youth, as reflected in their language, music, dance and fashion. Through hip-hop and break dance, the majority of males adopt "cool pose" to display machismo. The majority of females use hip-hop, break dance and "hip-hop diva" fashion to exercise normative femininity and androgyny. Hip-hop is not restricted to a specific social class, but how and where hip-hop is interpreted and practiced in HK varies among social classes. There have been significant debates on whether or not globalization is creating a homogenized global culture. With reference to these debates, this thesis makes the following key points. Firstly, it demonstrates how the global phenomenon of hip-hop is interpreted in the HK youth context. When a global culture becomes localized, the product becomes heterogeneous. The global aspects get adapted and local indigenous forms remain to suit the needs of each locality. Cultural appropriation within hip-hop creates glocal-cultural authenticity. Secondly, this thesis expands the understanding of how hip-hop influences youth's self-identity in HK. Hip-hop not only helps HK youth become bolder and more confident, it also sets them free from the constraints of conventional HK Chinese social norms. Third, hip-hop, as a non-mainstream HK Chinese popular culture, generates a form of subcultural capital for its participants. Hip-Hop has collectively shaped the social attitudes of HK youth in expressing their personal, social, cultural and political views. Last, this thesis highlights the interwoven relationship between the global and local expressions of hip-hop culture, (i.e., glocalization) and how it has played a significant role in producing transnational identities. Glocal hip-hop is performed, overseas and on social media, in a fusion style, e.g., integrating Kung Fu and break dance together. Globalization produces a bi-directional exchange of culture from its original locale to new locales and back. To understand global hip-hop, one must acknowledge the impact of individual experiences, cultural influences and collective consciousness of youth. This study aims to contribute to the existing body of literature on globalization, youth studies and hip-hop. Finally, this study seeks to enhance the existing framework for the study of changes in global youth culture by suggesting ways in which hip-hop can be used, understood and transformed throughout the world. ; published_or_final_version ; Sociology ; Doctoral ; Doctor of Philosophy

Der moderne professionelle Spitzensport ist eine Erfindung der Medien. Sportliche Events werden geschaffen, um Auflagen von Zeitungen zu steigern, Einschaltquoten zu erhöhen und Kinokassen zu füllen. Das sportliche Ereignis verlangt seinerseits nach medialer Aufbereitung; narrative Elemente müssen eingefügt, dem Publikum müssen Identifikationsflächen und emotionale Momente geboten werden – letztlich um Sponsoren anzusprechen. Sponsoren setzen ihrerseits auf die Erzielung eines Imagetransfers, um ihre Produkte zu bewerben. Dies macht den Medien/Sport-Komplex im Prinzip zum idealen Objekt für interdisziplinär angelegte Forschung. Film- und MedienwissenschaftlerInnen, SoziologInnen und SportwissenschaftlerInnen haben bisher aber nur wenig Interesse an der medialen Aufbereitung des Sports gezeigt. Der Sportfilm ist deswegen ein Stiefkind der Kulturwissenschaften – oder im Speziellen der Filmwissenschaften – und das, obwohl der Sport per se außerordentlich starke filmische Elemente aufweist. Dass es sich um ein verkanntes Genre handelt, konstatiert der vorliegende Band Sport im Film von Robert Gugutzer und Barbara Englert schon im Untertitel. Der Tagungsband (die Tagung fand im Januar 2013 am Institut für Sportwissenschaft der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt statt) versammelt Beiträge von Sport-, Medien- und FilmwissenschaftlerInnen sowie SozialwissenschaftlerInnen, die das Ziel verfolgen, den Sportfilm als Objekt der Wissenschaft zu etablieren. Als Grund für die Marginalisierung des Sportfilms vermuten die HerausgeberInnen seine außerordentliche Popularität beim Publikum. Kulturwissenschaften hätten demnach aus einem elitären Bewusstsein heraus Berührungsängste mit dem Phänomen Sport im Film. Als einem Bestandteil der Populärkultur werde dem Sportfilm nicht der gleiche akademische Ernst zuteil wie den Artefakten sogenannter Hochkultur. Dies sei besonders eklatant für den deutschen Sprachraum, in dem eine solche Unterscheidung vehementer postuliert werde. Dazu komme, so eine fortführende Vermutung, dass man in den Kulturwissenschaften im deutschsprachigen Raum Sport an sich argwöhnisch betrachte aufgrund der Verstrickung von Volksgesundheit und Körperkultur mit der Propaganda des Dritten Reichs. Das Ignorieren des Phänomens ändert aber nichts daran, dass Sport ein fester Bestandteil der Gesellschaft ist und deren Kultur beeinflusst. In der Einleitung betonen die HerausgeberInnen, dass Sportfilme eine Vielzahl an Funktionen erfüllen, indem sie Normen, Werte, Identitätsflächen und Rollenbilder an das Publikum zu vermitteln versuchen. Natürlich diene der Sportfilm wie überhaupt der Sport an sich auch hervorragend als Symbol für die Leistungsgesellschaft. Wie sehr dies der Fall sei, könne man etwa anhand der aktuellen Dopingproblematik studieren. Da der Sportfilm also die gesellschaftliche Umgebung, aus der er stammt, reflektiere, sei es notwendig, dieses Phänomen gebührend zu analysieren. Dies postuliert der Band an mehreren Stellen: Sportfilme transportieren Wertvorstellungen einer Gesellschaft und nehmen so Einfluss auf die Konstruktion von Race, Class und Gender. Insofern ist es das Verdienst des Bandes, auf diese Lücke hinzuweisen und den Weg für weitere Forschung zu bahnen. Die AutorInnen versuchen etwa, den Sportfilm als Genre zu beschreiben und Kategorien zu etablieren. Sie beschäftigen sich mit Pathos und Körperbildern. Andere Beiträge gehen der engen Beziehung von Medien und Sport bzw. der Verbindung von Sport, Filmindustrie und Politik nach oder untersuchen, wie der Sportfilm die jeweilige Gesellschaft reflektiert. Ein Fokus liegt dabei auf dem amerikanischen Sportfilm. Das mag daran liegen, dass Sport in den USA möglicherweise stärker noch als anderswo die Gesellschaft auf all ihren Ebenen durchwirkt. Der Sportfilm dient als Schablone für den Pursuit of happiness. Er konstruiert Mythen und Helden. Er zeigt Aufstiegsszenarien, in denen es dem Einzelnen gelingt, die Determinanten von Rasse und Klasse zu überwinden und den amerikanischen Traum zu leben. Für diese Art von Heldengeschichten, die zweifelsohne Werte der amerikanischen Gesellschaft transportieren, eignet sich vor allem der Boxfilm. Auf diesem Genre liegt auch der Schwerpunkt des Bandes. Anhand der Hexalogie der Rocky-Filme, die nicht nur in den USA einen fixen Bestandteil des kollektiven Bewusstseins darstelle, wird die Konstruktion einer gleichsam mythologischen Figur und ihr sozialer Aufstiegsdrang gezeigt. Gugutzer vertritt sogar die Auffassung, dass Rocky der bekannteste Sportheld der Sportfilmgeschichte ist. Dementsprechend detailliert ist die Untersuchung der Filme, in der auch eindringlich auf den Wandel des Heldenkörpers eingegangen wird. Fast jeder hat die pathosgeladenen Bilder des geschundenen Boxerkörpers im Kopf und wer in den 1980er-Jahren damit aufgewachsen ist, kann sich gut daran erinnern, wie der Boxkampf des 'Italian Stallion' Rocky mit der sowjetischen Kampfmaschine Ivan Drago den Kalten Krieg symbolisiert hat. In diesem Band wird konstatiert, dass der Kampfsport sich generell besonders gut für den Film eigne; aufgrund der hervorragenden Darstellbarkeit der kampfsportlichen Bewegungen, seiner aggressiven Körperlichkeit und weil der Boxsport traditionell ein proletarischer Sport sei, der dem Athleten die Möglichkeit des sozialen Aufstieges biete. Dies bilde die Grundlage für Narrative, die den Weg nach oben aufgrund von Trainingsfleiß, Disziplin und Durchsetzungsvermögen zeigen und natürlich auch für pathetisches Scheitern. Doch nicht nur Rocky wird hier einer Analyse unterzogen, sondern auch andere berühmte Boxfilme wie Raging Bull oder Muhammad Ali, the Greatest, die in ähnlicher Weise Heldenmythen der amerikanischen Gesellschaft transportieren. Die Verankerung dieser Filme in der Populärkultur hat jedoch vermutlich dafür gesorgt, dass kulturwissenschaftliche Forschung es bisher nicht für nötig befunden hat, diese unter ästhetischen Gesichtspunkten zu untersuchen. Etwas besser scheint die Forschungssituation bei den Sportfilmen von Leni Riefenstahl zu sein. Zwei Beiträge des Bandes untersuchen die Ästhetik der Olympia-Filme, insbesondere die Zeitlupe und die Bedeutung der Olympischen Spiele 1936 für die nationalsozialistische Propaganda. Fazit: Ein lesenswerter Band, in dem SportwissenschaftlerInnen, die sich für die Soziologie des Sports interessieren, genauso fündig werden wie Film- und MedienwissenschaftlerInnen, die sich über ein verkanntes Genre informieren wollen. Vielleicht kann Sport im Film ja dazu beitragen, eine akademische Beschäftigung mit dem Phänomen des Sports in Medien und Gesellschaft zu forcieren. Übrigens: Das Zitat "früher standen sich die Menschen näher; die Waffen trugen nicht so weit" stammt nicht, wie in dem Beitrag "In der Arena des Blutes und der Ehre" vermutet wird, von Karl Kraus, sondern gehört zu den vielen ihm fälschlicherweise zugeschriebenen Zitaten.

Through an archive of court cases, prison interviews, morgue reports, film, and video, I argue that the promise of liberal democracy and the larger projects of humanism are built through the slaughter of other types of (non)sociality. Specifically, I attend to the murders of trans and queer people of color, histories of racialized violence, prisons, HIV/AIDS, and the animal industrial complex to knot together spaces of friction where non-mimetic histories might tell us something about one another. In other words, my project is not about substituting abject bodies, but shows how mechanisms of destruction are used and reused in the multiple projects of epistemic violence. To this end, I am interested in the ontological limits for those named as objects, under relentless force. Utilizing theories of the postcolonial, work in Black studies, feminist science studies, political and bioeconomies, and psychoanalysis, I argue that queer life is necessarily produced as the underside of gender normative, able bodied, white heterosexuality. Queer Remains is about the material remains of trans and queer people, the flesh and bones of those that once were, and also indexes the ways past violations haunt the present. The introduction, "The Afterlives of Social Death" opens with a reading of a closed circuit TV scene of Duanna Johnson, a black trans woman who was brutally beaten by Mississippi police while in custody in 2009. Here I situate my work, and its interventions, in various genealogies of Black, Queer, and Trans studies. The first chapter, "Queer Crypts: Overkill and Ontological Capture," thinks through an archive I assembled of murdered trans and queer people. I work through the gruesome horror of these murders to try to piece together a reading of violence that resists the "bad apple" model that popular LGBT politics argues. The true terror is not only in the pageantry of the murders, but the reality that they are not "outlaw practices," rather they constitute the norm of dominant culture. My second chapter, "Necrocapital: AIDS/Affective Accumulation/Viral Labor," argues that even within the biopolitical state, the reproduction of death is also a space of capitalist accumulation. The violence I highlight is the reality that the HIV cell lines are the alienated cell labor of a person living with HIV, and this labor produces drugs that the same laborer might not be able to afford. My third chapter, "Forced Life: Animality, Trans Captivity and Abolitionist Time," is an extended meditation on forms of "living" that might signify a space of (non)being more unthinkable than death. This chapter's materiality is the dual histories of the prison industrial complex and factory animal farming. Here I am interested in resituating abolition as a way of dislodging the work of humanism as the barometer of liberation. My conclusion, "Death Drops," offers a reading of a 14-year old gay youth's suicide letter, written before he hanged himself in 2010. While such acts are read to be pathological, Seth Walsh suggests in his note that he hopes by taking his own life, he will make those who bullied him "hurt like [he] hurts." Here I position the devastating act of queer suicide as a form of revolutionary violence and not only a "cry for help," but also a demand for action.

Рассматриваются права людей с ограниченными возможностями и механизмы их защиты на международном, европейском и российском уровне. Автор анализирует историю формирования правового регулирования отношений в этой сфере, приводит примеры программ ООН, Европейского союза, отдельных европейских стран, Совета Европы и России для интеграции лиц с ограниченными возможностями в общественную жизнь. В статье отмечается особое место гендерного аспекта в сфере защиты прав людей с ограниченными возможностями. Автор также уделяет внимание проблемам, с которыми сталкиваются инвалиды в повседневной жизни. ; The number of people with disabilities has grown to 1 billion, i.e., 15% of the population of the whole world. Improvement of the position of disabled people and their life conditions is paid attention to at national, regional and international levels. The concept of the rights of people with disabilities has obtained international recognition only in the mid-1970s. In 1975 the Declaration on the Rights of Disabled Persons was adopted in the UN, it contains norms of maintenance of equal access to service. In 1981 the World Program of Action Concerning Disabled Persons was adopted. In 2006 the United Nations adopted the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the Optional Protocol. Absence of discrimination, involvement of disabled persons into society, equal opportunities are the core principles of the Convention. Monitoring of its implementation is realized by the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. The gender aspect has gotten a special place. Women with disabilities encounter double discrimination violation of the rights of women and violation of the rights of people with disabilities. The European Union pursues an active policy on ensuring of the right of disabled persons. In 1999 the EU Council adopted a resolution, it appealed to the EU countries to intensify measures in the of employment of people with disabilities and their integration in private and public sector. The Council of Europe (СЕ) also pursues the policy of protection of the rights of disabled persons. In April 2006, the Council of Europe adopted a Disability Action Plan 2006-2015. Successful integration of disabled persons is observed in the countries of Western Europe. Legislations of these countries consist in the idea that rehabilitation and employment of disabled persons are more beneficial than payment of pensions. More than 13 million disabled persons live in Russia. Most of the laws concerning their rights have become outdated. Ratification of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities by Russia in 2012 has become an incentive to legislation improvement. In 2011 Russia approved the government program ''Accessible Environment'' that creates conditions for access of disabled persons to objects of social sphere. It is not being implemented very successfully. In the conclusion, one can say that it is difficult to influence the state at the international level if it does not provide a full realization and protection of the rights of disabled persons. But often international conventions boost formation of mechanisms of protection of their rights at the national level. The European Court of Human Rights makes a policy concerning disabled persons at the regional level be realized more effectively because they can make complaints when their rights are violated. One can still observe a low standard of living and weak social and legal protection of the people with disabilities in Russia although the government adopted the program ''Accessible Environment''.

This thesis studies the practices of police departments such as the Renseignements généraux (political security), Police judiciaire (detective division) and urban security branches towards Muslim French migrants from Algeria in the Paris region between 1944 and 1962. This police control of Algerians is analysed as an illustration of how the 'colonial situation' manifested itself in Metropolitan France. The range of police intervention is studied in relation to the history of policing in mainland France and measures targeting other groups of 'diminished citizens' such as vagrants, prostitutes and homosexuals. The range of sources examined, such as the archives of the Paris Police Prefecture and the national policing agency Sûreté nationale, policing manuals, trades union publications, and interviews undertaken with retired police officers, aims to explain everyday policing methods and an 'institutional culture' as seen through the shared socialisation, representations and practices of police officers. The competition between, and complementary nature of different ranks, types of service and police departments is studied in order to account for the highly varied nature of forms of policing during this period. Particular attention is given to gender relations and tensions between police officers (an exclusively male professional group acting to uphold sexual social relations) and Algerian migrants, most of whom were in France without their partner(s). The choice of time frame and the focus on everyday forms of policing routine and practice helps us understand 'abnormal' events such as the massacre of 17th October 1961. This massacre is studied within the context of the history of police measures such as round-ups and administrative internment, the sociology of relations between different police administrations and the political authorities, and via an analysis of imperial reconfigurations underway during the processes of decolonization. ; Cette thèse est consacrée à l'étude des pratiques des services de police active (police judiciaire, renseignements généraux, sécurité urbaine) à l'égard des " Français musulmans d'Algérie " émigrés en région parisienne entre 1944 et 1962. Ce gouvernement policier est analysé comme une modalité de l'inscription métropolitaine de la " situation coloniale ". Le répertoire d'action policier est étudié en regard de l'histoire des polices métropolitaines et des dispositifs appliqués à d'autres groupes de " citoyens diminués " (vagabonds, prostituées, homosexuels). Les matériaux analysés (archives de la Préfecture de police et de la Sûreté nationale, manuels de police, publications syndicales, enquêtes orales auprès de policiers retraités.) visent à rendre compte des techniques ordinaires des métiers de police et d'une " culture institutionnelle " appréhendées au travers d'une socialisation, de représentations et de pratiques partagées par les agents. La diversité des grades, des métiers et des services est replacée dans leurs relations de concurrence et de complémentarité, afin d'appréhender l'action des polices de cette époque. Les rapports et les confrontations de genre entre un groupe professionnel exclusivement composé d'hommes, garants des rapports sociaux de sexe, et des migrants, le plus souvent venus sans femme, font l'objet d'une attention particulière. La périodisation choisie et l'attention aux routines ou pratiques ordinaires favorisent la compréhension d'événements " hors norme ", tel le massacre du 17 octobre 1961. Celui-ci est intégré à l'histoire des dispositifs policiers (rafles, internement administratif.), à une sociologie des relations entre administrations policières et pouvoirs politiques et à l'étude des reconfigurations impériales intervenues au moment des décolonisations.

This thesis studies the practices of police departments such as the Renseignements généraux (political security), Police judiciaire (detective division) and urban security branches towards Muslim French migrants from Algeria in the Paris region between 1944 and 1962. This police control of Algerians is analysed as an illustration of how the 'colonial situation' manifested itself in Metropolitan France. The range of police intervention is studied in relation to the history of policing in mainland France and measures targeting other groups of 'diminished citizens' such as vagrants, prostitutes and homosexuals. The range of sources examined, such as the archives of the Paris Police Prefecture and the national policing agency Sûreté nationale, policing manuals, trades union publications, and interviews undertaken with retired police officers, aims to explain everyday policing methods and an 'institutional culture' as seen through the shared socialisation, representations and practices of police officers. The competition between, and complementary nature of different ranks, types of service and police departments is studied in order to account for the highly varied nature of forms of policing during this period. Particular attention is given to gender relations and tensions between police officers (an exclusively male professional group acting to uphold sexual social relations) and Algerian migrants, most of whom were in France without their partner(s). The choice of time frame and the focus on everyday forms of policing routine and practice helps us understand 'abnormal' events such as the massacre of 17th October 1961. This massacre is studied within the context of the history of police measures such as round-ups and administrative internment, the sociology of relations between different police administrations and the political authorities, and via an analysis of imperial reconfigurations underway during the processes of decolonization. ; Cette thèse est consacrée à l'étude des pratiques des services de police active (police judiciaire, renseignements généraux, sécurité urbaine) à l'égard des " Français musulmans d'Algérie " émigrés en région parisienne entre 1944 et 1962. Ce gouvernement policier est analysé comme une modalité de l'inscription métropolitaine de la " situation coloniale ". Le répertoire d'action policier est étudié en regard de l'histoire des polices métropolitaines et des dispositifs appliqués à d'autres groupes de " citoyens diminués " (vagabonds, prostituées, homosexuels). Les matériaux analysés (archives de la Préfecture de police et de la Sûreté nationale, manuels de police, publications syndicales, enquêtes orales auprès de policiers retraités.) visent à rendre compte des techniques ordinaires des métiers de police et d'une " culture institutionnelle " appréhendées au travers d'une socialisation, de représentations et de pratiques partagées par les agents. La diversité des grades, des métiers et des services est replacée dans leurs relations de concurrence et de complémentarité, afin d'appréhender l'action des polices de cette époque. Les rapports et les confrontations de genre entre un groupe professionnel exclusivement composé d'hommes, garants des rapports sociaux de sexe, et des migrants, le plus souvent venus sans femme, font l'objet d'une attention particulière. La périodisation choisie et l'attention aux routines ou pratiques ordinaires favorisent la compréhension d'événements " hors norme ", tel le massacre du 17 octobre 1961. Celui-ci est intégré à l'histoire des dispositifs policiers (rafles, internement administratif.), à une sociologie des relations entre administrations policières et pouvoirs politiques et à l'étude des reconfigurations impériales intervenues au moment des décolonisations.