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The fact that women have achieved higher levels of political inclusion within low- and middle-income countries has generated much speculation about whether this is reaping broader benefits in tackling gender-based inequalities. This book uncovers the multiple political dynamics that influence governments to adopt and implement gender equity policies, pushing the debate beyond simply the role of women's inclusion in influencing policy. Bringing the politics of development into discussion with feminist literature on women's empowerment, the book proposes the new concept of 'power domains' as a way to capture how inter-elite bargaining, coalitional politics, and social movement activism combine to shape policies that promote gender equity. In particular, the book investigates the conditions under which countries in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia have adopted legislation against domestic violence, which remains widespread in many developing countries. The book demonstrates that women's presence in formal politics and policy spaces does not fully explain the pace in adopting and implementing domestic violence law. Underlying drivers of change within broader domains of power also include the role of clientelistic politics and informal processes of bargaining, coalition-building, and persuasion; the discursive framing of gender-equitable ideas; and how transnational norms influence women's political inclusion and gender-inclusive policy outcomes. The comparative approach across Uganda, Rwanda, South Africa, Ghana, India, and Bangladesh demonstrates how advancing gender equality varies by political context and according to the interests surrounding a particular issue.

Though more than 100 countries have adopted gender quotas, the impacts of these reforms on women's political leadership remain largely unknown. We exploit a quasi-experiment - a zipper quota imposed by the Swedish Social Democratic national party on municipal party groups - to examine quotas' effect on women's selection and survival as leaders within their parties. We find that those municipalities where the quota had a larger impact became more likely to appoint female leaders, but not more likely to support the reelection of women to the post. Extending this analysis, we show that the quota increased the number of qualified female candidates without increasing the diversity among women within the group. These results lend support to the notion that quotas may have an acceleration effect on women's representation in leadership posts and help dispel the myth that quotas trade short-term gains in women's descriptive representation for long-term exclusion from political power.

This collection addresses the concept of gender in the middle ages through the study of place and space, exploring how gender and space may be mutually constructive and how individuals and communities make and are made by the places and spaces they inhabit. From womb to tomb, how are we defined and confined by gender and by space? Interrogating the thresholds between sacred and secular, public and private, enclosure and exposure, domestic and political, movement and stasis, the essays in this interdisciplinary collection draw on current research and contemporary theory to suggest new destinations for future study.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to broaden the domain of the gender pay gap research by exploring individuals' perceptions of it. Examining the factors that have an impact on the way individuals perceive the gender pay gap helps answering the question of why it persists and how to overcome it.Design/methodology/approachThe paper provides a conceptual model of the factors proposed to influence individuals' perceptions of the gender pay gap by adopting social comparison, equity, occupational socialization, relative deprivation, expectancy and social dominance theories as well gender socialization perspective.FindingsAccording to the conceptual framework, such individual factors as pay expectations, gender role orientation, perceived pay fairness, gender, age, marital status and education facilitate the perceived gender pay gap. Furthermore, gender composition of employment sector and occupational status predict individuals' perceptions of the gender pay gap. Finally, welfare state regime and the degree of public awareness constitute the perceived gender pay gap.Practical implicationsBesides, the obvious suggestion of eliminating the gender pay gap, the paper suggests that more efforts should be made by media and governments to discuss the concept of the gender pay gap and make women aware of their rights and opportunities.Originality/valueThe main of this paper is that it draws together different theoretical perspectives into the model of the perceived gender pay gap.

"This book provides a comprehensive treatment of the role Nordic countries have played as exporters and importers of gender equality policies, and of how Europeanisation has framed the development and harmonisation of legislation and politics between the countries, with global consequences"--

This book chapter is in closed access. ; The book covers each of Waters's published novels to date including Tipping the Velvet, Fingersmith and The Paying Guests and also considers her non-fiction and academic writing as well as the television adaptations of her texts.

Preface : facing the future, honouring the past : whose gender?, whose environment? / Noel Sturgeon -- Gender and environment : an introduction / Sherilyn MacGregor -- Rachel Carson was right, then and now / Joni Seager -- The death of nature : foundations of ecofeminist thought / Charis Thompson and Sherilyn MacGregor -- The dilemma of dualism / Freya Mathews -- Gender and environment from "women, environment and development" to feminist political ecology / Bernadette P. Resurreccion -- Ecofeminist political economy : a green and feminist agenda / Mary Mellor -- Naturecultures and feminist materialism / Helen Merrick -- Posthumanism, ecofeminism, and inter-species relations / Greta Gaard -- Gender, livelihoods, and sustainability : anthropological research / Maria Cruz-Torres and Pamela McElwee -- Gender's critical edge : feminist political ecology, postcolonial intersectionality, and the coupling of race and gender / Sharlene Mollett -- Gender and environmental justice / Julie Sze -- Gender differences in environmental concern : sociological explanations / Chenyang Xiao and Aaron M. McCright -- Social ecology : a transdisciplinary approach to gender and environment research / Diana Hummel and Immanuel Stiess -- Gender and environmental (in)security : from climate conflict to ecosystem instability / Nicole Detraz -- Gender, environmental governmentality, and the discourses of sustainable development / Emma A. Foster -- Feminism and biopolitics : a cyborg account / Catriona Sandilands -- Exploring industrial, eco-modern, and ecological masculinities / Martin Hultman -- Transgender environments / Nicole Seymour -- A fruitless endeavour : confronting the heteronormativity of environmentalism / Cameron Butler -- Gender and environmental policy / Seema Arora-Jonsson -- Gender politics in green parties / Stewart Jackson -- Good green jobs for whom? : a feminist critique of the green economy / Beate Littig -- Gender dimensions of sustainable consumption / Ines Weller -- Sexual stewardship : environment, development, and the gendered politics of population / Jade Sasser -- Gender equality, sustainable agricultural development, and food security / Agnes A. Bagubara -- Whose debt for whose nature? : gender and nature in neoliberalism's war against subsistence / Ana Isla -- Gender and climate change politics / Susan Buckingham -- Changing the climate of participation : the gender constituency in the global climate change regime / Karren Morrow -- Planning for climate change : REDD+SES as gender-responsive environmental action / Marcela Tovar-Restrepo -- Pragmatic utopias : intentional gender-democratic and sustainable communities / Helen Jarvis -- Feminist futures and "other worlds" : ecologies of critical spatial practice / Meike Schalk, Ulrika Gunnarsson-Osting and Karin Bradley -- Orca intimacies and environmental slow death : earthling ethics for a claustrophobic world / Margret Grebowicz -- The end of gender or deep green trans-misogyny? / Laura Houlberg -- Welcome to the white (m)anthropocene? : a feminist-environmentalist critique / Giovanna Di Chiro.

Women's studies and courses which incorporate gender into their analysis have slowly, over the last five or six years, been gaining a toe-hold at South African universities. More and more academics, most of them women, are doing research in the area. Despite this, Women's and Gender Studies are often marginalised and lecturers have to fight for the space to teach them. Papers on women tend to be ghettoised at conferences. Thus at its first meeting in 1989 the Gender Research Group (GRG) felt the need to celebrate this growing area of work being produced under difficult conditions by organising a conference. The purpose of the conference was to stimulate further research and provide a forum for the work people were already doing. The organising committee wanted the conference to be a place for debate with an emphasis on research and theory. The Conference was organised around four main themes: * Race, class and gender * Culture and ideology * Organising women and policy * Everyday life. It was the first academic conference in South Africa to focus directly on women's and gender issues. It was attended by participants from most southern African countries as well as southern Africanists from the USA, Britain, Canada and the Netherlands. There were sixty-four papers, some presented in plenary discussion and others in smaller parallel sessions. In addition, two panel discussions were organised, one on 'Conceptualising gender' and the other on 'Organising women' The conference was followed by two one-day workshops - 'Teaching Women's Studies' and 'Gender and Popular Education'.

chapter Introduction -- chapter 1 Man made punishment -- chapter 2 From sex-specific to gender-responsive justice: opening up punishment to a feminist lens -- chapter 3 Gender-responsive justice in action -- chapter 4 Gender responsivity and the male gaze -- chapter 5 Gender-responsive justice: critical appraisals -- chapter 6 Gender-responsive justice: feminism and resistance.

The Routledge Companion to Gender and Animals is the first fully comprehensive reference volume to examine the intersections of gender studies and critical animal studies, and is an essential reference for students in Gender Studies, Sexuality Studies, Cultural Studies, Sociology, Geography and Environmental Studies.