International audience ; La capitale de la République démocratique populaire lao, Vientiane, a accueilli en décembre 2009 la 25e édition des Jeux du Sud-Est asiatique. À partir de l'analyse du jeu des acteurs et contributeurs étrangers à la construction et à l'amélioration des équipements de la capitale laotienne, nous montrons que la logique urbanistique accompagnant la programmation de ces opérations a tout simplement été absente à Vientiane. L'organisation de cette manifestation a avant tout eu vocation à renforcer l'image de la ville, et à entretenir les relations économiques et politiques entre le Laos et ses partenaires régionaux, plutôt qu'à résoudre des problèmes d'articulation des fonctions urbaines. Bien que l'organisation des Jeux du Sud-Est asiatique à Vientiane n'ait pas entraîné les effets urbanistiques escomptés, les contreparties scellées entre le gouvernement laotien et ses partenaires régionaux pour la réalisation des équipements ont, quant à elles, des impacts notoires sur la production et le réagencement des fonctions urbaines.
International audience ; La capitale de la République démocratique populaire lao, Vientiane, a accueilli en décembre 2009 la 25e édition des Jeux du Sud-Est asiatique. À partir de l'analyse du jeu des acteurs et contributeurs étrangers à la construction et à l'amélioration des équipements de la capitale laotienne, nous montrons que la logique urbanistique accompagnant la programmation de ces opérations a tout simplement été absente à Vientiane. L'organisation de cette manifestation a avant tout eu vocation à renforcer l'image de la ville, et à entretenir les relations économiques et politiques entre le Laos et ses partenaires régionaux, plutôt qu'à résoudre des problèmes d'articulation des fonctions urbaines. Bien que l'organisation des Jeux du Sud-Est asiatique à Vientiane n'ait pas entraîné les effets urbanistiques escomptés, les contreparties scellées entre le gouvernement laotien et ses partenaires régionaux pour la réalisation des équipements ont, quant à elles, des impacts notoires sur la production et le réagencement des fonctions urbaines.
This thesis examines the interactions of transactions entailed in the process of setting up residential and industrial Mega-Projects. In Chennai (capital of Tamil Nadu, India), the regional government has been promoting Economic Development Corridors, which, for over two decades, have been transforming hectares of private agricultural lands, public lands and even entire villages. Although research on public policies, foreign private investment or land conflicts is well documented, little attention has been paid to the upstream mechanisms, the multiplicity of negotiations and the historical context in which those projects develop. By studying the interaction between villages and projects and the social and spatial local transformation taking place, this work presents a new perspective : how do local actors appropriate those vectors of growth to strengthen and defend their social position? Using ethnographic methodology, we describe and examine the meaning of land and land acquisition practices in order to bring to light the "micro-logics": fragile and uncertain processes in which actors implement non-linear and flexible strategies. This approach allows highlighting the paradoxes inherent in the process of project concretisation and which result from power relationships and compromises. In addition, it allows to unpack "land innovations processes" which emerge from legal norms, the interplay of political forces, beliefs and social roles ; Cette thèse s'intéresse à l'interaction des transactions dans le montage opérationnel de grands projets immobiliers et industriels. Depuis deux décennies à Chennai (capitale du Tamil Nadu, Inde), les pouvoirs publics font la promotion des Corridors de développement économique, qui transforment des hectares de terre, voire des villages entiers. Si les politiques publiques, la gestion des organisations ou les conflits qu'entraîne l'émergence de ces projets impliquant des acteurs multiples et exogènes sont étudiés, peu de travaux s'attachent à décomposer les mécanismes anticipés, les multiples formes de négociations et les contextes historiques dans lesquels s'inscrivent ces projets. En étudiant la rencontre de la localité avec le projet et les reconfigurations de la société locale qu'elle implique, nous changeons de perspective : nous donnons à voir comment les forces locales s'approprient ces vecteurs de croissance pour asseoir ou défendre leur position sociale. A travers l'étude ethnographique de villages, nous décrivons et renseignons les représentations associées au sol et les pratiques d'acquisition foncière afin d'éclairer les micro-logiques : ces processus fragiles et incertains dans lesquels les acteurs s'impliquent de façon coordonnée ou non. Cette approche soulève les paradoxes dans la concrétisation des projets, qui malgré leur planification, découlent tant de rapports de forces que de compromis. Elle rend également compte de la production d'innovations foncières qui articulent les normes juridiques, les jeux politiques, les croyances et appartenances sociales qui s'imposent
Author complimentary copy only ; Throughout the eighties, New York City experienced specific cultural architectural activity and production, based upon urban concerns. With significant resonances between science fiction and real-life, Manhattan would be depicted as an open canvas for similar visual and formal interpretations. Theory and practice approaches to understand that grid island turned out extremely alike. From 1981 to 1988 literature, cinema and architecture had to represent the city as a place of alienation and accident, of concentration and fragment of plans and sections, superimposed all at once. Both in fiction and architecture, a cinematic ruin representation was searched for. In fiction there was destruction and in architecture there was deconstruction. The place would be a permanent motif for the representation of the aftermath. From John Carpenter's film Escape from New York (1981) to Paul Auster's novel In the Country of Last Things (1987), the city image would change from a violent and prison-like territory to a decadent and ruined walking map. During those years, throughout different media and genres, human and urban conditions reflected the real politics, economics and cultural demands. Figures like vagabonds, resilient individuals and military agents turned out to be main characters living in those Cartesian streets. Simultaneously, this very same place would be the object of several studies on the urban and architectural uncanny feeling of the cityscape. From Bernard Tschumi's graphic manifesto The Manhattan Transcripts (1981) to Philip Johnson and Mark Wigley's exhibition Deconstructivist Architecture (1988), New York City was acknowledged as a palimpsest and a place subject to fracture. The paper aims to define the echoes and proximities between science fiction and architectural culture as an attempt to characterize and symbolise this contemporary and postmodern great western city. ...
Military culture has occupied a central place in the constitution of constructive knowledge amongst the French intellectual elite since the beginning of the 17th century. The royal engineers , whose trade is rapidly institutionalized and developing in the 17th and 18th centuries, are important agents and vectors of this complex of practical knowledge backed by geometry, mathematics and the new physics. Despite the recent scientific advances in structural mechanics and strength of materials, it is mainly the knowledge in geometry and mathematics that are put forth in the military architecture and engineering treatises as fundamental and strategic for the engineer, be they considered as prerequisites for access to the physical sciences, as necessary tools for good design and their in-field concretization, or as a reliable training method of rational thinking. Antoine d'Alleman is " Chevalier and citizen " of the city of Carpentras, which at the time was the capital of the Comtat Venaissin. He is a specimen of this generation of architects and engineers, having studied a good number of military and scientific treatises, implementing his knowledge throughout a long career as topographer surveyor and hydraulics engineer in this papal territory, an independent state landlocked in the French kingdom. He designed and conducted in the Comtat important civil engineering works representative of those undertaken in the neighboring French provinces by the Corps of military engineers: roads, dikes, canals, aqueducts and water supply for cities, cartography. He also designed important buildings, hospitals, churches and chapels, at Carpentras and Orange. Besides his professional activity, he undertook the project of writing a treatise of architecture. The review of the mathematical parts of these manuscripts informs us of the relationship that such an engineer could establish between theory and practice: a partial mathematization of the topographer surveyor's graphical and in-field operations, yielding a reliable foundation to his know-how. Within the limited framework of this paper, we will briefly illustrate how this process unfolds pragmatically, by analyzing a limited number of representative propositions of the Ms1127 manuscript, entitled pompously " The engineer, mathematical works of Mister d'Alleman or introduction to the science of engineering " .
This thesis examines the interactions of transactions entailed in the process of setting up residential and industrial Mega-Projects. In Chennai (capital of Tamil Nadu, India), the regional government has been promoting Economic Development Corridors, which, for over two decades, have been transforming hectares of private agricultural lands, public lands and even entire villages. Although research on public policies, foreign private investment or land conflicts is well documented, little attention has been paid to the upstream mechanisms, the multiplicity of negotiations and the historical context in which those projects develop. By studying the interaction between villages and projects and the social and spatial local transformation taking place, this work presents a new perspective : how do local actors appropriate those vectors of growth to strengthen and defend their social position? Using ethnographic methodology, we describe and examine the meaning of land and land acquisition practices in order to bring to light the "micro-logics": fragile and uncertain processes in which actors implement non-linear and flexible strategies. This approach allows highlighting the paradoxes inherent in the process of project concretisation and which result from power relationships and compromises. In addition, it allows to unpack "land innovations processes" which emerge from legal norms, the interplay of political forces, beliefs and social roles ; Cette thèse s'intéresse à l'interaction des transactions dans le montage opérationnel de grands projets immobiliers et industriels. Depuis deux décennies à Chennai (capitale du Tamil Nadu, Inde), les pouvoirs publics font la promotion des Corridors de développement économique, qui transforment des hectares de terre, voire des villages entiers. Si les politiques publiques, la gestion des organisations ou les conflits qu'entraîne l'émergence de ces projets impliquant des acteurs multiples et exogènes sont étudiés, peu de travaux s'attachent à décomposer les mécanismes anticipés, ...
International audience ; La capitale de la République démocratique populaire lao, Vientiane, a accueilli en décembre 2009 la 25e édition des Jeux du Sud-Est asiatique. À partir de l'analyse du jeu des acteurs et contributeurs étrangers à la construction et à l'amélioration des équipements de la capitale laotienne, nous montrons que la logique urbanistique accompagnant la programmation de ces opérations a tout simplement été absente à Vientiane. L'organisation de cette manifestation a avant tout eu vocation à renforcer l'image de la ville, et à entretenir les relations économiques et politiques entre le Laos et ses partenaires régionaux, plutôt qu'à résoudre des problèmes d'articulation des fonctions urbaines. Bien que l'organisation des Jeux du Sud-Est asiatique à Vientiane n'ait pas entraîné les effets urbanistiques escomptés, les contreparties scellées entre le gouvernement laotien et ses partenaires régionaux pour la réalisation des équipements ont, quant à elles, des impacts notoires sur la production et le réagencement des fonctions urbaines.
The political and social activities of the Russian language minority (RLM) in Finland or in the Helsinki metropolitan area (HMA) until now, has not been the subject of any academic study. Moreover, my experiences from this study show them to be somewhat a taboo. Through a constructivist "self-other dichotomy" related theory of identity and interest formation, this thesis investigates the political and consequently social activities of the RLM in the HMA. This study treats the notion of "minority" through an idea and process of construction from the Anarchy level and a grass-roots level of existence within a resident state. Moreover, the Anarchy level is highlighted by challenging Alexander Wendt s theory on state identities along the Westphalia lines. Equally, at a grass-roots level using the "self-other dichotomy" the political and consequently social activities of the RLM are explored as well as its existing ideology. The methodology used in preparing this thesis is a three-fold approach based on qualitative research. Firstly, using open-ended semi-structured questions on a one to one basis with three expert professionals involved in the daily affairs of the RLM. Secondly, twenty-eight web-based, open-ended semi-structured interviews with members of the RLM. Finally, using Ideological Discourse Analysis, it draws upon a combination of Cognitive, Social and Discourse dimensions of the self-other "ideological square" as well as textual analysis. All the above mentioned compose a comprehensive picture of the self-other dichotomy related to the RLM. The main outcome, in the identification of the political motivation of the RLM is the scale of five different discourses: Glass Ceiling, I say ¡No Pasarán!, We are Sui Generis , Our Perception, to be continued and Isolation . Furthermore, as a product of construction process the RLM s delimitation lines appear as well as their downplay via the same process with a reversed vector. Finally, an anti-discriminatory or anti-xenophobic ideology resurfaces from the empirical data through the Ideological Discourse Analysis.
Military culture has occupied a central place in the constitution of constructive knowledge amongst the French intellectual elite since the beginning of the 17th century. The royal engineers , whose trade is rapidly institutionalized and developing in the 17th and 18th centuries, are important agents and vectors of this complex of practical knowledge backed by geometry, mathematics and the new physics. Despite the recent scientific advances in structural mechanics and strength of materials, it is mainly the knowledge in geometry and mathematics that are put forth in the military architecture and engineering treatises as fundamental and strategic for the engineer, be they considered as prerequisites for access to the physical sciences, as necessary tools for good design and their in-field concretization, or as a reliable training method of rational thinking. Antoine d'Alleman is " Chevalier and citizen " of the city of Carpentras, which at the time was the capital of the Comtat Venaissin. He is a specimen of this generation of architects and engineers, having studied a good number of military and scientific treatises, implementing his knowledge throughout a long career as topographer surveyor and hydraulics engineer in this papal territory, an independent state landlocked in the French kingdom. He designed and conducted in the Comtat important civil engineering works representative of those undertaken in the neighboring French provinces by the Corps of military engineers: roads, dikes, canals, aqueducts and water supply for cities, cartography. He also designed important buildings, hospitals, churches and chapels, at Carpentras and Orange. Besides his professional activity, he undertook the project of writing a treatise of architecture. The review of the mathematical parts of these manuscripts informs us of the relationship that such an engineer could establish between theory and practice: a partial mathematization of the topographer surveyor's graphical and in-field operations, yielding a reliable foundation to his know-how. Within the limited framework of this paper, we will briefly illustrate how this process unfolds pragmatically, by analyzing a limited number of representative propositions of the Ms1127 manuscript, entitled pompously " The engineer, mathematical works of Mister d'Alleman or introduction to the science of engineering " .
Today, urban design as a multi-dimensional discipline have brought another model of societal variation in contemporary world. It shapes the interface among all the significant issues that are converse to human body and environment by means of obligation to oversee and change the communications of the distinct perspectives of civic life into a social and physical formation. Comprehension of physical and social characteristics of urban environments turn into a contemporary research topic in urban design and architecture. The current study attempts to examine the socio-cultural and socio-economic identity of people living in Pertev Pasa district in Asagi Maras (Kato Varosha), Famagusta, to be able to define what kind of a physical environment they would like to live in in the future. Uncertainties in political issues of the area (to be given back to their original owners or investment for a stable development with the existing inhabitants) brought many social and physical tensions within itself. Determining how urban design could be seen as a solution in social landscape and also the roles of urban design in creating a lively settlement to enrich the life quality and development of urban context, are the aims focused on this research. The methodology of research consist of two main techniques in terms of qualitative and quantitative approach. Literature review, questionnaire survey, interview and observation are used as research methods in collecting data. According to the evaluations on social and physical identity of urban environment in Pertev Pasa, some guidelines are recommended in conclusion based on two scenarios that might happen in the future development of Asagi Maras. Keywords: Identity, Socio-culture, Socio-economy, urban design, Pertev Pasa, Asagi Maras, Famagusta, North Cyprus. ; ÖZ: Günümüzde kentsel tasarım çok boyutlu bir disiplin olarak farklı bir toplumsal değişim modelini çağdaş dünyaya taşımıştır. Kentsel tasarım, insan ve çevreyle ilgili her konuda, sosyal ve fiziksel çevre oluşumunu ve değişimini şekillendirmiştir. Kentsel çevrenin fiziksel ve sosyal özelliklerinin kavranması, kentsel tasarım ve mimarlığın, çağdaş araştırma konusu haline gelmiştir. Bu çalışma Kuzey Kıbrıs'ta Gazimağusa kentinin Aşağı Maraş bölgesinde yer alan Pertev Paşa mahallesinde yaşayan insanların sosyo-kültürel ve sosyo-ekonomik kimliğini incelemek ve bu kimlik ile fiziksel çevre bağlantısını ortaya koymak için yapılmıştır. Kıbrıs adasındaki siyasi belirsizlikler adaya ve adadaki yerleşim alanlarına pek çok sosyal ve fiziksel gerilimler ve belirsizlikler getirmistir. Kentsel tasarımın fiziksel çevre yanında sosyal, ekonomik ve kültürel alanlardaki sorunlara da çözüm üretebilen çok boyutlu bir disiplin olduğu bilinciyle, bu çalışma, seçilen kentsel alanın daha yaşanabilir bir mekana dönüştürülmesi için, orada yaşayanların sosyo-ekonomik gereksinimlerini göz önünde bulundurarak bazı tasarım ve iyileşme önerileri geliştirmiştir. Bunun yanında, söz konusu alanda yaşayan halkın, adada herhangi bir çözüm sonrasında yer değiştirmek durumunda kalması durumunda, nasıl bir yeni yerleşim alanında yaşamalarının uygun olabileceği konusu da, yine kentsel tasarım prensipleri ile halkın gereksinimleri göz önüne alınarak bu araştırmanın kapsamında yer almıştır. Araştırma sürecinde veri toplama teknikleri olarak, literatür araştırması, anket, bire bir görüşme, alan çalışması ve gözlem teknikleri kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, Pertev Paşa mahallesindeki kentsel çevrenin, sosyal, ekonomik ve fiziksel kimlik degerlendirmesine dayanarak, Aşağı Maraş'in gelecekteki gelişiminde meydana gelebilecek iki farklı senaryoya dayalı olarak görüş ve öneriler sunulmuştur. Anahtar Kelimeler: Kimlik, sosyo-kültürel ve sosyo-ekonomik çalışmalar, kentsel tasarım, Pertev Paşa, Aşağı Maraş, Gazimağusa, Kuzey Kıbrıs ; Master of Science in Urban Design. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Architecture, Dept. of Architecture, 2015. Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Şebnem Önal Hoşkara.
From the 1990s onwards and even more since the end of the 2000s, the homeless shelter system seems to have reached its limits. It cannot respond to all demands and do not succeed in "getting out" the people who should have access to the ordinary housing". Those limits became a matter of public concern during winter 2006. A few months after, the French government took actions in favor of an enforceable right to housing act and in favor or the access to social housing for the homeless people. More efforts were made in 2009 when the state started reshaping the whole social service for shelter and transitionary accomodation system through a series of measures designed to ease the path from homeless shelters to social housing. In this context, we chose to analyze residential trajectories leading from accommodation structures to a stable position within the Ile-de-France social housing market. Stepping back from public policies to question the different steps of these careers were helpful to understand the current difficulties in housing access as well as addressing the social welfare issue. The aim of the research was to understand what is implemented to the people during their shelter period to help them leave the system and reach social housing. Which role do shelter structures play in residential careers and its choices? Therefore our research was led by two sub-questions. First, how do individual careers characterized by precariousness enter in the institutional accommodation? Secondly, how do those individuals and structures interact to end up into a stable position in social housing ? ; Dès les années 1990, et avec encore plus d'acuité à la fin des années 2000, les limites du système de l'hébergement semblent atteintes. Il ne parvient pas à amortir l'ensemble des demandes et à « faire sortir » les personnes prises en charge qui « relèveraient d'un logement ordinaire ». Ces difficultés sont placées sur le devant de la scène médiatique et politique à l'hiver 2006. Et, dès 2007, le gouvernement prend des mesures en faveur de l'hébergement et de l'accès au logement. En 2009 l'Etat redouble d'efforts en impulsant la refondation du système d'hébergement et d'accès au logement et en adoptant des mesures pour fluidifier les parcours de l'hébergement vers le logement. Dans ce contexte, nous avons pris le parti d'interroger les trajectoires d'hébergement qui aboutissent à l'attribution de logement pérenne dans le parc social francilien. Se décentrer des politiques mises en œuvre pour saisir les trajectoires qui mènent à l'hébergement, s'y déroulent et aboutissent à un relogement dans le parc social nous est apparu heuristiquement fécond pour questionner les difficultés de logement et le rôle de l'aide sociale à l'hébergement dans le traitement de celles-ci. L'enjeu est de comprendre ce qui se joue durant l'hébergement en faveur de la sortie du dispositif et de l'accès au parc social. Et aussi, quel est le rôle de l'hébergement dans le sens pris par ces trajectoires et dans les choix opérés. Deux sous questions guident dès lors notre recherche : d'une part comment se rencontrent des trajectoires individuelles marquées par la précarité et le dispositif d'hébergement et d'autre part, comment ils interagissent pour aboutir à une sortie vers un logement social ?
En Chine, depuis la réforme du système d'attribution du logement et la réouverture progressive du marché de l'immobilier, le logement est devenu un bien marchand, objet d'investissement et de spéculation. Face à la hausse des prix de l'immobilier résidentiel, l'accès des ménages chinois au logement est de plus en plus inégal. Pour pallier la précarisation des populations les plus vulnérables et agir face à un mécontentement social croissant, le gouvernement central a lancé en 2011 le programme national de " logements garantis " (baozhang xing zhufang), en périphérie des principales mégapoles chinoises. Cet article se propose d'étudier les politiques publiques du logement social, leurs modalités et leurs effets sur le redéploiement métropolitain et la fragmentation socio-spatiale des nouvelles périphéries urbaines à Shanghai, en prenant pour cas d'étude la grande communauté résidentielle du " nouveau triomphe " (xinkai) à Sijing, dans l'arrondissement de Songjiang.
En Chine, depuis la réforme du système d'attribution du logement et la réouverture progressive du marché de l'immobilier, le logement est devenu un bien marchand, objet d'investissement et de spéculation. Face à la hausse des prix de l'immobilier résidentiel, l'accès des ménages chinois au logement est de plus en plus inégal. Pour pallier la précarisation des populations les plus vulnérables et agir face à un mécontentement social croissant, le gouvernement central a lancé en 2011 le programme national de " logements garantis " (baozhang xing zhufang), en périphérie des principales mégapoles chinoises. Cet article se propose d'étudier les politiques publiques du logement social, leurs modalités et leurs effets sur le redéploiement métropolitain et la fragmentation socio-spatiale des nouvelles périphéries urbaines à Shanghai, en prenant pour cas d'étude la grande communauté résidentielle du " nouveau triomphe " (xinkai) à Sijing, dans l'arrondissement de Songjiang.
En Chine, depuis la réforme du système d'attribution du logement et la réouverture progressive du marché de l'immobilier, le logement est devenu un bien marchand, objet d'investissement et de spéculation. Face à la hausse des prix de l'immobilier résidentiel, l'accès des ménages chinois au logement est de plus en plus inégal. Pour pallier la précarisation des populations les plus vulnérables et agir face à un mécontentement social croissant, le gouvernement central a lancé en 2011 le programme national de " logements garantis " (baozhang xing zhufang), en périphérie des principales mégapoles chinoises. Cet article se propose d'étudier les politiques publiques du logement social, leurs modalités et leurs effets sur le redéploiement métropolitain et la fragmentation socio-spatiale des nouvelles périphéries urbaines à Shanghai, en prenant pour cas d'étude la grande communauté résidentielle du " nouveau triomphe " (xinkai) à Sijing, dans l'arrondissement de Songjiang.
Travail sur la place de l'informel dans la pensée de la ville et sur le rôle des différents acteurs (concepteurs, élus, habitants) de la fabrication de la ville dans une démarche d'intégration de l'informel. Étude entreprise dans les micro-rayons soviétiques à Sofia en Bulgarie.
