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Private radio, which relies on programs with local cultural content in local languages, affects the success of reaching large audiences and financial benefits. In East Java, four private radios have the advantage of local cultural programs, namely Radio Jodhipati FM in Nganjuk, Radio Sritanjung FM in Banyuwangi, Radio Nada FM Sumenep, and Radio Media FM in Surabaya. This study aims to determine what cultural programs can increase the number of listeners and profitability on the four cultural radios. Furthermore, to find out why listeners like local cultural programs of each radio. This research on broadcast content on four cultural radios uses virtual ethnographic methods by collecting data, both offline and online. Researchers are involved in broadcasting activities on four cultural radios (offline) and listener interaction activities in the virtual world (online), namely Facebook and WhatsApp. This study conducted interviews with twelve informants representing radio management, local cultural figures, and loyal listeners. The results showed that each radio has excellent cultural programs with a solid appeal to maintain listener loyalty. The four cultural radios involve cultural experts in designing cultural programs. Listeners try to maintain local tastes because they realize that love for local culture is a strengthening of national identity, which is the richness of Indonesian culture.

Large-scale use of talking computers may be anticipated for reasons of general convenience and special effectiveness. A telephone link to a computer, with touch-tone inputs and stored speech outputs, poses a number of design problems of interest for the human factors specialist. Recommended features include (1) user pacing and optional repetition of speech output in a transactional sequence, (2) use of different voices and other auditory coding to distinguish types of output, and (3) use of tone codes to indicate required input.

FrontMatter -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Tables, Figures, and Boxes -- Acronyms and Abbreviations -- Summary -- 1 Introduction -- 2 American Community Survey Estimates -- 3 Quality and Comparability of State Tests of English Language Proficiency -- 4 State Procedures for Identifying and Classifying English Language Learners -- 5 Comparison of American Community Survey Estimates and State Counts -- 6 Comparability of Estimates of Immigrant School-Age Children -- 7 Decision Criteria and Recommendations -- References and Bibliography -- Appendix A: Review of English Language Proficiency Tests -- Appendix B: Biographical Sketches of Panel Members and Staff -- Committee on National Statistics -- Board on Testing and Assessment.

"What can people do with multiple languages that they cannot do with one? What kinds of practices does multilingualism enable and how does it shape communication in the digital sphere among young people? These questions have motivated the volume Multilingual Youth Practices in Computer Mediated Communication (CMC). This volume was inspired by some of the work now emerging in sociolinguistics on the multilingual digital practices of people in a globalizing world (e.g. Androutsopoulos 2015; Barton & Lee 2013; Danet & Herring 2007a; Deumert 2014a; Spilioti & Georgakopoulou 2015; Jones et al. 2015; Lee 2017; Thurlow & Mroczek 2011a). In contrast with these volumes however, the present work aims a spotlight on the multilingual practices of young people who have taken up the affordances of digital communication more fervently than any other age group (Beheshti & Large 2013; Buckingham & Willett 2013). More specifically, we examine how the "digital generation" in different parts of the world makes use of multilingual repertoires and the social meanings they attach to various linguistic features in their digital communications with others"--

Through the use of new technologies, researchers, and practitioners in health education and health communication can now provide health information and behavior change strategies that are customized based on the unique needs, interests, and concerns of different individuals. These tailored health messages can be highly effective in assisting individuals in understanding and responding to health concerns. In this volume, Matthew Kreuter, David Farrell, and their colleagues define the process of tailoring and describe its uses in health communication programs. They present a theoretica

AbstractThis study provides a pragmatic taxonomy of asynchronous computer-mediated expressions of disagreement by Arabic speakers. It draws on a specialized corpus of approximately fifty thousand words in the form of naturally occurring comments/posts compiled over a period of ninety days from 19 Arabic Facebook Pages and Groups in three topic areas: (i) religion, (ii) politics and (iii) society. Following Relational Work (Locher and Watts 2005, 2008), I propose ten discursive strategies as underlying patterns of the pragmatic realization of disagreement among Arabic speakers. These include IRRELEVANCY CLAIM, CONTRADICTION, COUNTERCLAIM, CHALLENGE, EXCLAMATION, VERBAL IRONY, ARGUMENT AVOIDANCE, MILD SCOLDING, SUPPLICATION, and VERBAL ATTACK. With the exclusion of some examples, I argue that most of these strategies are neither polite nor impolite, but rather appropriate (i. e., politic) in the context of disagreement. I also provide evidence that sociocultural and religious norms have impacts on SUPPLICATION and MILD SCOLDING.