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Disability discrimination is a globally spread phenomenon. The Macedonian society is no exception from this trend. In the last several years, the country has established an anti-discrimination legal framework, which seems to lay solid foundations upon which case law can be developed in the future. The paper elaborates the existing national legislation for prevention and protection against discrimination, specifically disability discrimination. Specifically, the paper analyzes the definition of disability in the national legislation and its critique due to its foundation on the medical model of seeing the disability, which is outdated in the contemporary international law. Furthermore, the paper presents the current situation as to all forms of discrimination on ground of disability, including direct and indirect discrimination and harassment, prescribing the need for reasonable accommodation, and prohibiting the instruction to discriminate by natural and legal persons, in the public and in the private sectors. Finally, the paper identifies the key challenges and recommends actions for overcoming them. The text uses results from research and surveys that have been conducted in the country and related discrimination as an illustration of trends and patterns. Key words: discrimination, disability, social model

"In this book, readers will learn about discrimination, ways they can stand up to it and help stop it, and how to help others who are experiencing inequality. Social and emotional learning (SEL) concepts support growth mindset throughout, while Grow with Goals and Try This! activities further reinforce the content. Vibrant, full-color photos and carefully leveled text engage young readers as they learn more about dealing with discrimination. Also includes sidebars, a table of contents, glossary, index, and tips for educators and caregivers. Facing Discrimination is part of Jump!'s Facing Life's Challenges series"--

PurposeEmployment discrimination persists across global labour markets inflicting considerable social and economic costs. The existing literature tends to focus on explaining and measuring discrimination or on the measures to tackle it, overlooking the links between these areas. The paper contributes to filling this gap in order to inform policy design and empirical research on the impact of anti-discrimination policies.Design/methodology/approachThe paper assesses the potential effectiveness of commonly used policy measures in tackling the types of discrimination described in the theoretical literature. The assessment is based on the underlying incentive structure of particular policies, which is matched with the behaviour of employers predicted by particular theories.FindingsThe potential effectiveness of commonly used anti-discrimination policies varies greatly depending on the source of discrimination and the target group. Some commonly used tools, such as wage subsidies are likely to have modest effects for several target groups, while employer counselling may be a more effective and cheaper alternative in many cases. Quotas may be effective against various types of discrimination, but setting them is challenging and they may yield adverse effects.Practical implicationsThe findings call for more research on and consideration of the motives behind employment discrimination in the targeting and design of anti-discrimination measures.Originality/valueThe authors propose a framework to link discrimination types with measures against discrimination and potential target groups, which allows for systematically linking the literature on theories of discrimination and research on anti-discrimination.

Intro -- Contents -- Racial Discrimination -- Abstract -- Keywords -- Part 1: Comparative Law's Resistance to Race -- National Exceptionalism and the Denial of Racism -- Race as a Comparative Law Category of Study-Critical Race Theory -- The Voices of the Subaltern -- Cultural Immersion -- The Efficacy of Equality Law -- Post-Race Assumptions -- General Equality Principles -- Considerations for Comparatists Working with Race -- Part 2: Procedural Law Comparisons as to Equality Claims -- Alternative Dispute Resolution -- Burdens of Proof -- Part 3: Definitions of Discrimination, Equality and Race Discrimination -- The Concept of Equality -- Dignity as a Touchstone of Equality -- Indirect Discrimination -- Statutory Exceptions to Discrimination -- Part 4: Criminal v. Civil Law -- Constitutional Equality Protections -- Criminal Law Provisions -- Judges and Enforcement -- Civil Law Frameworks -- Part 5: Multiple Discrimination/Intersectionality -- Sex-plus Claims -- Intersectionality Theory -- Part 6: Affirmative/Positive Action Remedies for Race Discrimination -- Affirmative Action -- Positive Discrimination -- Affirmative Action in Brazil -- Part 7: Conclusion -- References.

New Jersey's Law Against Discrimination ("LAD") protects against discrimination based on marital status, domestic partnership status, affectional or sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, and mental or physical disability, including AIDS and HIV related illnesses.1 In addition to the LAD, New Jersey's Administrative Code includes an anti-discrimination policy for state government employees.2 This policy also prohibits discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity.

In 2013, one of the final acts of the Gillard government was to amend Australia's Sex Discrimination Act to add sexuality, gender identity and intersex variations as protected categories. This was not the first time the Commonwealth had considered anti‐discrimination legislation protecting LGBTI people. The most prominent example was the Democrats‐sponsored Sexuality Discrimination Bill, introduced to Parliament in November 1995, which included provisions to protect transgender people as well as gays, lesbians and bisexuals. The Senate referred the bill to an inquiry by the Senate Legal and Constitutional References Committee, which received 436 submissions. Approximately 100 of these submissions specifically addressed transgender discrimination, some advocating for the rights of transgender Australians, and others focusing their attacks against the bill based on the transgender provisions. This article draws on the concept of transgender citizenship to examine the transgender‐related aspects of the inquiry and the debates in parliament, to understand the ways that the public and politicians framed transgender rights in the mid‐1990s. These debates are telling in how transgender issues and anxieties over gender fluidity have consistently become an easy target in wider debates about equality for sexual and gender minorities.

Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Additional Resources -- Introduction -- Sex Discrimination in Canadian Law -- "No Jews or Dogs Allowed" -- Gender and Canada's Human Rights State -- Women and Anti-Discrimination Law in British Columbia, 1953-69 -- Jack Sherlock and the Failed Human Rights Act, 1969-73 -- Kathleen Ruff and the Human Rights Code, 1973-79 -- Struggling to Innovate, 1979-83 -- Making New Law under the Human Rights Code -- The Politics of (Undermining) Human Rights -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index.

Australians of all ages have a human right to be treated fairly and have the same opportunities as everyone else. In spite of such rights, age discrimination still occurs widely in Australia. People are often treated unfavourably because of their age, or because of assumptions made about people of that age. Common examples of age discrimination include preferring to hire younger over older workers regardless of their competence, refusing to consider job applications from people over pension age, or sacking younger workers once they reach the age when adult wages will apply. There needs to be a

A challenging, yet highly accessible, introduction to discrimination law which highlights the major issues and asks how the right to equality can be made more effective. This edition includes expanded material on how jurisdictions formulate grounds of discrimination with thematic analysis on topics such as racism, sexism, and LGBTQ+ rights.

This title examines the concept of intersectional discrimination and why it has been difficult for jurisdictions around the world to redress it in discrimination law. 'Intersectionality' was coined by Kimberlé Crenshaw in 1989. 30 years since its conception, the term has become a buzzword in sociology, anthropology, feminist studies, psychology, literature, and politics. But it remains marginal in the discourse of discrimination law, where it was first conceived. Traversing its long and rich history of development, the book explains what intersectionality is as a theory and as a category of discrimination. It then explains what it takes for discrimination law to be reimagined from the perspective of intersectionality in reference to comparative laws in the US, UK, South Africa, Canada, India, and the jurisprudence of the European Courts and international human rights treaty bodies.

AbstractFaced with widespread prejudice and discrimination, European Muslims are increasingly resorting to the European Court of Human Rights as a last-ditch strategy to transform state policies toward minority faiths. While the Court has a mandate to protect religious freedom and equality, the conservative and sometimes biased way in which it has interpreted these concepts has enabled the persistence of stark asymmetries in the legal and social statuses of different religions. Using an analysis of relevant cases, this article seeks to highlight the judicial processes that currently sustain Muslim subordination and pinpoint specific reforms that could reverse the trend.