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This article presents an overview of Fordism and Post Fordism in the UK and looks at the transition from one period to another. It looks at the roots of Fordism in the mass production techniques used by the Ford motor company in America and its application as a label to describe the political, economic and social characteristics of an era. It is associated with the Keynesian welfare state during the period 1945-70. A change in the characteristics of an era from the 1970s onwards has also been given a label to distinguish it from the Fordist period. The era after Fordism has been given the label Post Fordism. There is a period of transition from one era to another and this is an important contextual aspect that can be associated with economic and political aspects of each period. Both terms are reviewed, and the characteristics associated with each era are presented. This shows that there are differences in the economic, political and social aspects of each era which are reflective of the changes occurring in society. There is not universal agreement between academics and scholars of the exact timescales for the application of these labels but those described in the article are the periods that are generally associated with each term.

El artículo tiene como objetivo reflexionar sobre el 'humanismo' y presentar propuestas humanistas desde una perspectiva post-colonial. Comienza por examinar los supuestos que subyacen en la ciencia moderna e ilustrada para poner al descubierto su complicidad en la práctica colonial. A continuación, se analiza el humanismo para mostrar cómo se ha utilizado una noción altamente politizada del humanismo para justificar las prácticas y estructuras deshumanizantes del colonialismo. Este ejercicio crítico se complementa con la discusión de dos propuestas humanistas que tratan de presentar un humanismo alternativo que tiene como objetivo posibilitar una comunicación y entendimiento inclusivo, humanista y transcultural en un mundo que se hace cada vez más interrelacionado.The article aims to reconsider 'humanism' and to present humanistic proposals from a post-colonial perspective. It begins by examining the assumptions underlying the modern and enlightened science to expose its complicity in the colonial enterprise. It then analyses humanism to show how a highly politicised notion of humanism has been deployed to justify the dehumanising practices and structures of colonialism. This critical exercise is complemented by the discussion of two humanistic proposals that seek to present an alternative humanism that is geared to enabling an inclusive and humanistic trans-cultural communication and understanding in an increasingly interrelated world.

Most of the papers in this colloquium relate to the territories which the European powers built up overseas during a period of several centuries, part of a process which some theorists of globalization have referred to as a kind of globalization avant la lettre. During the colonial period, the main direction of population flows was from Europe to the overseas empires in America, Africa, Asia and Oceania plus forced migrations from Africa to the Americas. One of the unexpected consequences of European empires and their dissolution has been a reversal of those original North to South migratory flows. Since the end of empire, there have been significant population flows from South to North, i.e. from formerly colonized territories to Europe, leading to the rise of post-colonial minorities within the heartland of the former colonial powers. Post-colonial migrants and their descendants constitute new minorities in Europe not only in a demographic sense but also in their social, political and cultural status. Unlike the United States, which from 1965 onwards gave priority to skills-based criteria in selecting migrants, in Europe during the same period the majority of immigrants from former colonies were unskilled and often illiterate. Not surprisingly, the languages they brought with them have generally remained highly marginalized in relation to the national languages of the countries in which they have settled.

The concept of post-liberalism, as outlined in this book, involves neither the denial of genuine freedom nor the endorsement of illiberal collectivism or nationalism. Instead, author Fred Dallmayr finds a path beyond atomistic selfishness or narcissism and collectivist populism in the direction of a shared, interhuman space or world. In addition to charting this path, he wrestles with other forms of relationality: between local and global concerns; between secular reason and faith or spirituality; and between concrete particularism and 'world maintenance.'

This paper examines the democratic legitimacy of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) since the international financial crisis hit the euro area. From its inception, EMU has been marked by an asymmetry as its monetary pillar relied on output legitimacy while its economic pillar relied essentially on input legitimacy at the national level. The crisis severely challenged EMU's output legitimacy, which led to the establishment of new European-level institutions. We analyse the European Stability Mechanism, the European Semester, and Banking Union to take stock of their powers and the ways that these are balanced by mechanisms of legitimacy. Our main finding is that the intergovernmental and output-oriented approach that originally informed the legitimacy of EMU has remained prevalent after the crisis. However, as the three domains–in varying degrees–address questions that are essentially political, we argue that the channels for input legitimacy at the European level remain deficient.

Initial studies of legislative behavior in post-communist Ukraine suggest that party affiliation plays a significant role in legislator voting decisions. Yet, the intense debate in the US Congress literature on party effects suggests that finding effects can be problematic. The article contends that there was evidence of party effects in the mixed-member Verkhovna Rada (1998e 2002). An analysis of party switching demonstrates that those parliamentary parties linked to powerful political and economic elites were able to affect substantively the preferences of party switchers. While this analysis establishes the existence of party effects, the ability of a party to affect deputies does not depend on the strength of the party label as it does in the US case.

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction Ilka Saal and Bertram D. Ashe -- 1. The Blackest Blackness: Slavery and the Satire of Kara Walker Derek Conrad Murray -- 2. Three-Fifths of a Black Life Matters Too: Four Neo-Slave Novels from the Year Postracial Definitively Stopped Being a Thing Derek C. Maus -- 3. Whispering Racism in a Postracial World: Slavery and Post-Blackness in Paul Beatty's The Sellout Cameron Leader-Picone -- 4. Getting Graphic with Kindred: The Neo-Slave Narrative of the Black Lives Matter Movement Mollie Godfrey -- 5. "Stay Woke": Post-Black Filmmaking and the Afterlife of Slavery in Jordan Peele's Get Out Kimberly Nichele Brown -- 6. The Song: Living with "Dixie" and the "Coon Space" of Post-Blackness Chenjerai Kumanyika, Jack Hitt, and Chris Neary, with an Introduction by Bertram D. Ashe -- 7. Performing Slavery at the Turn of the Millennium: Stereotypes, Affect, and Theatricality in Branden Jacobs-Jenkins's Neighbors and Young Jean Lee's The Shipment Ilka Saal -- 8. Thylias Moss's Slave Moth: Liberatory Verse Narrative and Performance Art Malin Pereira -- 9. Plantation Memories: Cheryl Dunye's Representation of a Representation of American Slavery in The Watermelon Woman Bertram D. Ashe -- 10. "An Audience Is a Mob on Its Butt": An Interview with Branden Jacobs-Jenkins Bertram D. Ashe and Ilka Saal -- List of Contributors -- Index.

Why is it that despite the end of the Cold War and the almost constant controversies surrounding the alliance's role in the world, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is still a prominent and vital player in international security? Joe Burton provides an in-depth analysis of NATO's changing role in the post–Cold War era and its ability to survive, adapt, and meet the needs of its members in an increasingly turbulent, globalized security environment. He offers a historically and theoretically informed account of NATO that isolates the core dynamics that have held the alliance together in troubled times. In particular, he examines a series of processes and events—from the 1990 Gulf War to the rise of the Islamic State-that help explain NATO's continuing relevance.

This article examines the difficulties faced by three Eastern European countries in commemorating the Holocaust in the post-Communist era. Since 1989, many of these countries have sought to fashion new national identities by looking to their pre-Communist past. In the case of Slovakia and Hungary, however, their pre-Communist predecessors were Nazi allies, and while Poland never collaborated with Nazi Germany, the Home Army had a difficult and complicated relationship with Jews and Jewish underground organizations. I identify three basic approaches taken by these countries' memorials regarding the fate of their Jewish communities during the war: aphasia (an unwillingness to speak about the Holocaust), "deflective negationism" (shifting blame to others), and finally, an open examination of the Holocaust.

Abstract. Declining levels of turnout recently observed in some East European elections have generated concerns about the performance of the newly emerging democracies. Theories developed to explain turnout in industrialized democracies emphasize the importance of two major groups of factors: institutional and socioeconomic. This article argues that a comprehensive model of voter participation in post‐Communist settings should also include a dynamic component to account for temporal changes generated by the transitional process. I test a model of voter turnout that incorporates explanations of temporal (sequence of elections) and spatial differences (electoral system type, party system characteristics and economic development). Multivariate regression is used to estimate the model, with data from fifteen East European countries over four consecutive elections.

Introduction: The meaning of Murambi -- Part I. Creating What You Are Afraid of the Rwandan Patriotic Front's Transitional Justice Program -- Rewriting history in post-genocide Rwanda -- Symbolic struggles -- Justice as memory -- From violent repression to political domination : transitional justice, political reform and development -- Part II. Popular Narratives -- Political reform in three Rwandan communities -- Popular narratives of memory and history -- Politics by other means : popular opinion about "transitional justice" -- Conclusion: "We pretend to live together" : assessing the impact of transitional justice mechanisms in Rwanda

Western analysts regularly dismiss Pancasila (the state ideology of Indonesia) as a "self-serving" ideology with which the Indonesian regime justifies the status quo. However, the author takes seriously the New Order regime's determination to design its own policy. He tries to conceptualize this policy in terms that are consistent with some of the ideological concepts used by Indonesians in their self-understanding and analysis and examines the prospects of democratization in post-Soeharto Indonesia. Absence of democracy in Asia is briefly discussed. (DÜI-Sen)

We study implementation in settings where agents take strategic actions that influence preferences over mechanism outcomes and yet are hidden from the mechanism designer. We show that such settings can arise in entry auctions for markets, and that the Vickery-Clarke-Groves mechanism is not necessarily truthful. In this paper we first formalize so-called ex post hidden actions, we then characterize social choice functions that can be implemented in a way that is robust with respect to ex post hidden actions, and finally we propose a mechanism to do so. The model allows agents to have multi-dimensional types and to have quasi-linear utilities in money. We showcase these results by identifying social choice functions that can and cannot be implemented in entry auctions for Cournot competition models.