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Human subjects in medical research have yielded benefits to our core knowledge as well as to healthcare practice. Yet globalization has thrown up urgent ethical, legal and social questions over their use, addressed by experts in this multidisciplinary volume.

This article tries to illustrate the influence of the European Social Charter (1961) on the evolution of Belgian Social Law. The finding is that most of the pillars of the Belgian Social Model were already established before the late ratification of the Charter by Belgium, in 1990. Afterwards the case law of the European Committee of Social Rights (ECSR) pointed out some necessary adaptations. Some others have been decided by the ECSR as a response to some collective complaints directed against Belgium. This country considered the ratification of the Protocol introducing this procedure as a meaningful progress for all the Contracting Parties. It gives the civil society a direct access in the development of the Charter, but only 15 State Parties did ratify it. The article comments also on how Belgium is confronted, like other Parties, with the competing mutual influence of the Charter and the Community Law of the EU. The revised Charter (1996) was a major contribution in favour of more coherence between both legal orders. Belgium argued strongly for more explicit convergences. It seems desirable that both the EU Court and the ECSR try to deliver more visibility about the common rights and their complementarity. ; Dans cet article, l'auteur tente d'identifier les principaux facteurs d'influence sur le système social belge issus de la prise en compte des droits sociaux garantis par la Charte sociale européenne. Cette influence n'a été en réalité que marginale, car les piliers du système ont été élaborés, en l'absence de dispositions constitutionnelles sur les droits sociaux avant 1994, avant l'application de la Charte, dont la ratification fut tardive. Le pays a cependant soutenu les protocoles de même que la version révisée de la Charte. Les principaux facteurs repris sélectivement sont la jurisprudence dans le cadre d'un système moniste, qui reconnaît la primauté du droit international et du droit communautaire sur le droit interne, certaines conclusions du Comité européen des droits sociaux à l'appui des rapports périodiques du pays et certaines décisions du Comité à l'appui de réclamations collectives contre la Belgique. L'auteur pense que l'influence du droit communautaire européen fut plus déterminante, parce qu'il était obligatoire. L'article discute certains effets positifs et négatifs de l'application concurrente des deux corps de règles dans les pays concernés par le droit de l'Union européenne et les droits de la Charte. L'auteur pense qu'il y aurait lieu de pousser plus loin la coopération entre l'Union et le Conseil de l'Europe au bénéfice d'une plus claire interpénétration et d'une convergence plus évidente des droits sociaux. L'article se termine par un plaidoyer en faveur de la procédure de réclamations collectives qui a une portée de démocratie sociale dans les pays qui l'appliqueront. ; Dans cet article, l'auteur tente d'identifier les principaux facteurs d'influence sur le système social belge issus de la prise en compte des droits sociaux garantis par la Charte sociale européenne. Cette influence n'a été en réalité que marginale, car les piliers du système ont été élaborés, en l'absence de dispositions constitutionnelles sur les droits sociaux avant 1994, avant l'application de la Charte, dont la ratification fut tardive. Le pays a cependant soutenu les protocoles de même que la version révisée de la Charte. Les principaux facteurs repris sélectivement sont la jurisprudence dans le cadre d'un système moniste, qui reconnaît la primauté du droit international et du droit communautaire sur le droit interne, certaines conclusions du Comité européen des droits sociaux à l'appui des rapports périodiques du pays et certaines décisions du Comité à l'appui de réclamations collectives contre la Belgique. L'auteur pense que l'influence du droit communautaire européen fut plus déterminante, parce qu'il était obligatoire. L'article discute certains effets positifs et négatifs de l'application concurrente des deux corps de règles dans les pays concernés par le droit de l'Union européenne et les droits de la Charte. L'auteur pense qu'il y aurait lieu de pousser plus loin la coopération entre l'Union et le Conseil de l'Europe au bénéfice d'une plus claire interpénétration et d'une convergence plus évidente des droits sociaux. L'article se termine par un plaidoyer en faveur de la procédure de réclamations collectives qui a une portée de démocratie sociale dans les pays qui l'appliqueront.

Chapter 1. A Case for Social Entrepreneurship in our Times -- Chapter 2. Social Entrepreneurship - The Quest for a Planetary Consciousness of Human Compatability -- Chapter 3. The Social Entrepreneur -- Chapter 4. Aspiring to be a Social Entrepreneur: Does Prosocial Motivation Matter? -- Chapter 5. Moral Entrepreneurship: Being Authentic and Using One's Moral Compass to Navigate the Journey of Doing Good Deeds -- Chapter 6. Humility and Social Entrepreneurship -- Chapter 7. Social Intrapreneurs: Rebels for Good -- Chapter 8. Entrepreneurs with Disabilities: Making a Difference in Society through Social Entrepreneurship -- Chapter 9. Motivations of Social Entrepreneurs in Germany -- Chapter 10. Social Enterpreneurship in the Emerging Economies of Africa -- Chapter 11. United States and Nigeria: SWOT Analysis of: Social Entrepreneurship -- Chapter 12. Social Entrepreneurship at the Micro Level: A Study of Botswana -- Chapter 13. Making and Keeping Stakeholders Mindful of CSR -- Chapter 14. Valuable Intersections: Why CSR Requires Mindfulness for Higher Ed Leaders -- Chapter 15. Tensions and Personal Responsibilities when Engaging in a Responsible Career: Focus on CSR Managers and Emotions -- Chapter 16. Certified B Corps: Using Business as a Force for Good -- Chapter 17. CSR Case Study: Mitigating Ethics with Companies Investing in Higher Education Relationships -- Chapter 18. Why Stakeholder Engagement Matters -- Chapter 19. CSR and Spiritual Performance -- Chapter 20. Creating Environment-Inclusive Organizations: An Integrative Ecopreneurial Approach -- Chapter 21. Corporate Social Responsibility, Education and Job Training -- Chapter 22. Love as the Fulfillment of Life -- Chapter 23. CSR Case Studies of Selected Blue Chip Companies in Kenya -- Chapter 24. Sustainable Social Entrepreneurship: Serving the Destitute, Feeding the Hungry and Reducing the Food Waste -- Chapter 25. Corporate Social Responsibility through Women Empowerment in India as Inspired by Swami Vivekananda's Teachings -- Chapter 26. Brand Purpose as a Cultural Entity between Business and Society -- Chapter 27. Corporate Social Responsibility practices in the Extractive sector in Tanzania: is it a transition from a voluntary to legislative approach? -- Chapter 28. Organizational Culture Change: Growth Mindset, Positive Psychology and Empowerment -- Chapter 29. Regenerative Leadership: Next-Stage Leadership Consciousness.

How does writing relate to speech? What impact does it have on social organisation and development? How do unwritten languages differ from those that have a written form and tradition? This book is a general account of the place of writing in society. Drawing on contemporary and historical examples, from clay tablets to touchscreen displays, the book explores the functions of writing and written language, analysing its consequences for language, society, economy and politics. It examines the social causes of illiteracy, demonstrating that institutions of central importance to modern society are built upon writing and written texts, and are characterised by specific forms of communication. It explores the social dimensions of spelling and writing reform, as well as of digital literacy, a new mode of expression and communication posing novel challenges to the student of language in society

The gambling policy of Hong Kong had been adopted for more than thirty years without any significant changes since the introducing of the Gambling Ordinance (Chapter 148) in accordance with the Betting Duty Ordinance (Chapter 108) in the 1970s. Under the ordinances, all gambling activities which were not played on a social occasion for non-business purpose were unlawful except some specifically permission offered by the Home Affairs Bureau (HAB). Among all these exemptions, horse race betting and the Mark Six Lottery were the most prevalent and influential gambling activities. Hong Kong Jockey Club was the sole operator to organize these two gambling activities under SHA's supervision. Over the past decade, the Government has revised and implemented a series of new initiatives including the authorization and regulation of football betting, a reformation of duty system for horse race betting, and allowing additional local horse racedays and simulcast of international horse races for betting. The Government claims that a practical and pragmatic approach has been adopted in the formulation of gambling policy so that the balance of demand and views of opposition can be made. However, concern groups worry that such initiatives will encourage more people to take part in gambling activities, which may induce many social problems. This paper will attempt to adopt the analytical framework of Kenneth J. Meier's model of policy process to evaluate the policy outcomes and social impact from the reformation of gambling policy in Hong Kong by illustrating the interaction between four clusters of political actors during three different phases of the policy process. ; published_or_final_version ; Politics and Public Administration ; Master ; Master of Public Administration

The first book to market on the hottest topic on the webSocial commerce is the new buzz word and this book will be the first to cut through the hype and tell you exactly what it all means ... and how to do it. Social media has moved on, it's not enough to just be engaging your customers in fun chit-chat, now you can sell to them directly through their favourite social media platform. ASOS, the fashion website, have just set up a commerce site on Facebook and people are scrambling to follow in their footsteps. No longer do you have the nightmare of dragging people from their social networking si.

"Proven strategies for harnessing the power of social media to drive social change Many books teach the mechanics of using Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube to compete in business. But no book addresses how to harness the incredible power of social media to make a difference. The Dragonfly Effect shows you how to tap social media and consumer psychological insights to achieve a single, concrete goal. Named for the only insect that is able to move in any direction when its four wings are working in concert, this book. Reveals the four "wings" of the Dragonfly Effect-and how they work together to produce colossal results. Features original case studies of global organizations like the Gap, Starbucks, Kiva, Nike, eBay, Facebook; and start-ups like Groupon and COOKPAD, showing how they achieve social good and customer loyalty. Leverage the power of design thinking and psychological research with practical strategies. Reveals how everyday people achieve unprecedented results-whether finding an almost impossible bone marrow match for a friend, raising millions for cancer research, or electing the current president of the United States. The Dragonfly Effect shows that you don't need money or power to inspire seismic change."--

Psychologische Aspekte der genetischen Beratung werden erörtert. Einleitend wird darauf hingewiesen, dass genetische Beratung ein Kommunikationsprozess zwischen Berater und Klient bzw. Patient ist, in dem Probleme behandelt werden, die mit dem Auftreten oder der Befürchtung einer angeborenen und/oder genetisch bedingten Erkrankung oder Behinderung zusammenhängen. Dieser Prozess beinhaltet das Bemühen einer oder mehrerer entsprechend qualifizierter Personen, einem einzelnen oder einer Familie zum Verständnis medizinisch-genetischer Fakten zu verhelfen, Entscheidungsalternativen zu bedenken und individuell angemessene Verhaltensweisen zu wählen. Genetische Beratung erfolgt auf der Grundlage umfassender Anamneseerhebung und Befundbewertung, die deshalb als untrennbarer Bestandteil genetischer Beratung angesehen werden. Ein erstes Beratungsgespräch dauert in der Regel etwa eine Stunde, bei Bedarf werden wiederholt Gespräche angeboten. Bestandteil der genetischen Beratung ist in jedem Fall eine schriftliche Zusammenfassung für die Klienten bzw. Patienten, in der alle für die jeweilige Situation wichtigen Informationen allgemein verständnlich zusammengefasst sind. - Dem Beitrag folgen kritische Anmerkungen von R. Kollek zu Wolffs am klientenzentrierten Konzept orientierten Beratungsmodell.