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The Internet provides fast and ubiquitous communication that enables all kinds of communities and provides citizens with easy access to vast amounts of information, although the information is not necessarily verified and may present a distorted view of real events or facts. The Internet's power as an instant source of mass information can be used to influence opinions, which can have far-reaching consequences. This report's purpose is to provide input into the advisory processes that determine European support for research into the effects and management of Fake News (e.g. deliberate misinformation), Echo Chambers (e.g. closed communities where biases can be reinforced through lack of diversity in opinions), and the Internet's influence on social and political movements such as Populism; to provide insight into how innovation that takes these aspects into account can be supported. To address this aim, this report concerns socio-technical implications of the Internet related to the impact of closed communities and misinformation and makes recommendations derived from a consultation with domain experts concerning the research needed to address specific challenges. This study has used the Delphi Method, an iterative consultation mechanism aimed at consensus building within a targeted panel of experts. Three rounds of iteration were undertaken and a total of fourteen experts participated in all three rounds. The result of the consultation is 67 assertion statements that reached consensus amongst the experts in five broad themes, and these are presented in this report and summarised into key recommendations. The key overarching recommendation is that we need to understand how opinions are formed and are influenced in the current digital age. Investigations are needed to understand the underlying cognitive and emotional processes that enable peoples' opinions to be influenced in the context of a hybrid media system that mixes online and offline channels and broadcast and interactive social media.

"How Jews use media to connect with one another has profound consequences for Jewish identity, community, and culture. This volume explores how the use of media can both create communities and divide them because of how different media shape actions and project anxieties, conflicts, and emotions. Taken together, the essays presented here consider how Jewish use of media at home and in the street, as well as in the synagogue and in school, affects the individual's sense of ethnic and religious affiliation. They include closely observed case studies, in various national contexts, of the role of popular film, television, records, the Internet, and smartphones, as well as the role of print media, now and historically. They raise fascinating questions about how Jews and Jewish institutions harness, tolerate, or resist media to create their sense of social belonging as Jews within the wider society"--back cover

Für die Recherche im Netz und für die Faktenprüfung stehen jedem Journalisten professionelle Werkzeuge zur Verfügung. Oft sind die als Open-Source-Software oder als kostenlose Web-Angebote nutzbar. Auch das erforderliche Know-How, um mit diesen Werkzeugen arbeiten zu können, ist leicht erlernbar. Wie Journalisten sich digitale Quellen erschliessen, sie verifizieren oder falsifizieren, wie sie gezielt auf Social-Media-Plattformen, im sogenannten "Darknet" oder "Deep Web" sowie mit (Spezial-) Suchmaschinen recherchieren; Videos, Fotos und andere Dateien analysieren, das wird in diesem Buch gezeigt. (Verlagstext)

Purpose. The article is aimed to analyze the specificity of formation of media infrastructure of science under the influence of digital media distribution technology, the changing nature of scientific activity, implementation of communication researchers using Big Data. Methodology. The implementation of the purpose is seen in the use of scientific and theoretical basis of the philosophy of science, mediaphilosophy, mediaphilosophical approach to understanding society, science and technology, use of publications on selected topics of research. Originality. It was considered the problem of scientific communication change under the influence of Big Data. Forming of media infrastructure of science under the influence of media technology was analyzed. Conclusions. The emergence, formation and development of mediainfrastructure makes the world scientific community see the modernist paradigm of scientific knowledge production, pay attention to the formation of a qualitatively new ways of transmission and reception using scientific evidence and information research. At the same time there is a need for simultaneous and comprehensive study of the potential negative effects of media technologies for researchers and educational activities. Note the complications self-identification individual simulation processes and phenomena that occurs reliance on empirical base. Also there is a problem controllable and selection of information: the huge flow of information of different kinds of content depth and complicate the selection and broadcast meaningful knowledge.

This study analyzes the ways in which the Basque diaspora community in the United States consumes news media from their home origin. Using survey data collected from over 400 Basque-Americans with varying generations (first, second, third, etc.), we explore the ways in which surveyed individuals consume media from their ancestral territory of origin, in this case, the Basque Country of Spain and France. This research is exploratory and descriptive of the media habits and behavior of individuals with Basque origins. We find that significant shifts in media consumption occur between first generation immigrants and those beyond the second generation. As we move across generations, we observe that individuals shift from engagement with home-origin media to engagement with Basque cultural activities, such as dancing clubs. Our study suggests that the importance of digital media from the homeland is growing, but that most consumption of information by the Basque diaspora is through social networks. Our findings also suggest that, among those who continue to consume home-origin media, it is mainly through readership of national newspapers (in this case, from Spain) rather than local newspapers (from the Basque Country). This article enriches our understanding of the media habits of the Basque diaspora and raises questions for future research about the effect of transnational media consumption on the political, social and economic behavior of immigrants in the United States.

Die Online-Suche provoziert Debatten über die Selbstbestimmung des Einzelnen. Denn wer sucht, kann nicht nur finden, sondern auch gefunden werden. Um diesem paradoxen Verhältnis auf die Schliche zu kommen, lohnt sich ein Blick in die Vergangenheit. Ausgehend von historischen Texten - insbesondere Hugo von Sankt Viktor, Michel de Montaigne, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Martin Schrettinger und Paul Otlet - lassen sich Probleme nachzeichnen, die sich in den gegenwärtigen Diskussionen zu den virtuellen Suchmaschinen wiederfinden. Robin Schrade geht der Frage nach, welche wissens- und subjektpolitischen Konstellationen sich in den Operationen des Suchens und Findens verbergen und zeichnet ihre Geschichte nach

The population growth worldwide leads to the necessity of increasing food and goods for general consumption production, consequently resulting in a rise of solid waste, causing social, economic, and primarily environmental impacts. In order to mitigate and reduce damages, there has been extensive consideration of new ways to improve and value waste management. Educational Institutions (EI), especially Technical and Higher Education, play a fundamental role in sustainability by seeking, through research projects, new methods of use, proper management, and awareness-raising of the academic community and the surrounding area. The use of online digital tools and the tradicional media can facilitate both the dissemination of scientific information and more efficient management of handling waste. Thus, this article aligns the social and environmental aspect, integrating the knowledge related to technologies and their potential for disseminating scientific content, as well as reporting, publication ideas, themes, interactions, image and video, conducting an analysis regarding thinking, acting, and interacting. The findings demonstrated that short videos, or reels, are interesting tools to capture the audience's attention, where the publication with the most views obtained a total of 932 reproductions and reached 682 accounts.

This article builds on a growing body of research on social media and authenticity through examining practices of 'keeping it raw' in fitness cultures on Instagram. Such practices include posting unedited or 'realistic' visuals of the body, storying the everyday and 'real talk' about topics such as mental health and body image. Drawing on empirical findings from my research with 21 Australian women aged 20–35 who use Instagram to post and engage with fitness inspiration – fitspo – content, I specifically trace how enactments of 'raw' cultivate digital intimacies between Instagram users. Here, I take up a feminist new materialist approach to consider how various body parts, objects, platform functionalities and discourses come together to create affective encounters between my participants and other Instagram users. The contribution of this article lies in attending to the work that raw does, to what end and for whom.

This study dives into the perspectives of social media users and practitioners on the impact of social media algorithms, with a focus on data curation, real-time personalization, and FOMO (fear of missing out). This research, which was conducted through two exploratory focus groups, uncovered the nuanced dynamics underlying users' engagement with algorithms. The study of the literature emphasizes the importance of algorithms as gatekeepers in affecting online interactions, decision-making, and information intake. Our work, which is based on information foraging theory, reveals how algorithms, through characteristics such as FOMO, personalized content distribution, and the appearance of choice, profoundly shape users' decision-making processes in the digital arena. Understanding these distinguishing characteristics reveals the psychological and behavioral elements that contribute to consumers' continuous reliance on social media platforms. This study adds to the larger conversation about the societal implications of algorithmic influence and provides useful insights for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers navigating the ever-evolving landscape of digital interactions.

1. When hate meets the web In the climate of generalized hatred that we experience daily, by watching the news or talk shows, reading online newspapers, or scrolling our Facebook timelines, it is essential to question educational programs' actual ability to oppose these shifts. Most importantly, we must start rethinking them, especially given the negative consequences of people's exposure to hostility, rudeness or incivility, both in online and offline spaces. Indeed, as shown by several studies, they amplify the audiences' negative emotions, weaken trust in institutions, increase cynicism and encourage self-defence behaviors, often leading to social isolation. When it comes to young people, who are more fragile and less equipped than other population groups, such risks are even more real. Many countries in Europe have undertaken to implement online device projects aimed at tracking down and detecting violent content, and banning them from social media, in order to stem the growth of hate speech on digital platforms. However, a purely censored approach does not obviously get to the root of the problem. We must question why many users see hate speech or extreme speech as normal, or even desirable; why they have such a large following and generate such online sharing and dissemination mechanisms. In this regard, we must go beyond a purely punitive logic, and pay attention to the granularity of those everyday online practices underlying contemporary digital cultures.This pilot study aims to examine the experiences of young people while surfing the web, and how they interpret these different kinds of hostile behavior on social media or online chats. In this respect, according to Toniolo Institute (2018), 63% of young people between the ages of 18 and 34 have got carried away by online heated discussions and have deliberately used offensive content in social media discussions, in 66% of cases. These data show that violent discourse, harassment practices and bullying are becoming increasingly popular, even among young people. Online resources can further fuel this hostility through exclusionary, discriminatory and derisive conducts, which can foster group identification by being often associated with forms of collective entertainment. Indeed, references to looser social conventions, which are typical of these environments, as well as the possibility to stay anonymous, can accentuate a sense of 'deindividuation'. According to this, people perceive their individual identity as less important than the group identity, consequently disinhibiting their behavior. Also, the compulsive use of smartphones and the affordances of social network platforms contribute to this disinhibition effect, by exacerbating the collapse of spatial-temporal and social contexts, and increasingly blurring the boundaries between public and private. Therefore, on the one hand the socio-technological aspects of new media appear to significantly affect these phenomena; on the other, violent behavior online (including direct activities and sharing violent content) clearly appear as practices that are constitutive of identity and political subjectivity. Within this scenario, also political representatives play a major role. Instead of committing to pacify public opinion, they seem much more interested in riding the wave of dissent, especially through their social accounts, by resorting to hate speech, mocking and bullying practices against opponents and others. Restraint and moderation, which once characterized traditional political rhetoric, have now given way to feelings of hostility and demonization of opponents, aiming to galvanize followers and to instigate anger and social discontent. Indeed, this sharp communication style is intended not just to increase political visibility, due to uncivil messages' ability to engage users (Muddiman, Stroud, 2017). It also bridges the gap with ordinary people, who can identify more easily with such practices and styles, rather than with complex and abstract theoretical-political arguments. Although the best example of this strategy is undoubtedly Trump's use of Twitter, there are some concrete examples in Italy as well, as shown by the social media campaigning for the 2018 general election. Starting from these premises, this work focuses on an important segment of society, consisting of young people who grew up with Internet, in order to analyze their relationship with violent and aggressive online communication, both by their peers and political representatives. The attention is focused on two phenomena that were distinctly studied in academia: cyberbullying by young people and the different forms of incivility by politicians. The goal is to examine the perceptions and meanings attributed by young people to the different types of hostile communication, by assessing the level of acceptability of each of them and its variations, depending on different contexts and actors (interpersonal; online interactions with institutional actors). In the following paragraphs, we will briefly explain the study, and discuss findings and implications.

Communication is an important aspect in the definition of debates on socio-environmental conflict, since it has political implications in the construction of the terms of its understanding and approach. Even though there are different visions of the problem, causes and consequences in dispute, the terms of these debates depend on the capacity of agency to position certain actors and languages of evaluation on the nature in question. Considering that conflicts are presented as scenarios of disputes over access, use, and control of nature, where there are clashes between diverse interests and material and symbolic valuations of nature and, recognizing the role of the media in defining these debates on public opinion; this article proposes a methodology for the study of socio-environmental conflict in Venezuela in digital newspaper sources. Firstly, the importance of the definition and the method of analysis of the conflict in the frameworks of interpretation is approached and we present brief reflections on it; next, the conceptual design of the database and the procedure of monitoring the conflict in mass media is explained (observe, follow and make visible) and finally it reflects on the methodology. ; La comunicación es un aspecto importante en la definición de los debates sobre la conflictividad socio-ambiental, pues la misma tiene implicaciones políticas en la construcción de los términos de su comprensión y abordaje. Aun cuando existen diversas visiones de problema, causas y consecuencias en disputa, los términos de estos debates dependen de la capacidad de agencia para posicionar determinados actores y lenguajes de valoración sobre la naturaleza en cuestión. Considerando que los conflictos se presentan como escenarios de disputas por el acceso, uso, y control de la naturaleza, donde existen choques entre los diversos intereses y valoraciones materiales y simbólicas sobre la misma y, reconociendo el rol de los medios de comunicación en la definición de estos debates sobre la opinión pública; este artículo propone una metodología para el estudio de la conflictividad socio-ambiental en fuentes hemerográficas digitales. En primer lugar, se aborda la importancia de la definición y el método de análisis de la conflictividad en los marcos de interpretación y exponemos breves reflexiones sobre ello; seguidamente, se explica el diseño conceptual de la base de datos y el procedimiento de monitoreo de la conflictividad en medios de comunicación (observar, seguir y visibilizar) y finalmente reflexiona sobre la metodología.

"Winner of the Clifford G. Christians Award for Research in Media Ethics, Michael Bugeja's Living Media Ethics posits that moral convergence is essential to address the complex issues of our high-tech media environment. As such the book departs from and yet complements traditional pedagogy in media ethics. Bugeja covers advertising, public relations and major branches of journalism, as well as major schools of philosophical thought and historical events that have shaped current media practices. Examining topics including responsibility, truth, falsehood, temptation, bias, fairness, and power, chapters encourage readers to develop a personal code of ethics that they can turn to throughout their careers. Each chapter includes exercises, as well as journal writing and creative assignments, designed to build, test, and enhance individual value systems. Unlike other texts, this media ethics book ends with an assignment to create a digital portfolio with personal ethics code aligned with a desired media position or company"--

Social Media is becoming an increasingly important-and controversial-investigative source for law enforcement. This project provides an overview of the current state of digital forensic investigation of Facebook and other social media networks and the state of the law, touches on hacktivism, and discusses the implications for privacy and other controversial areas. The authors also point to future trends. About Forensic Studies for Criminal Justice: The Forensic Studies for Criminal Justice series consists of short-format content on new developments, unique perspectives, or how-to information on areas in forensic science-all specifically designed to meet the needs of the criminal justice community. Instructors wishing to provide their students with more in-depth coverage on certain forensic areas can add these digestible, inexpensive works to their syllabi without having to completely redesign their course, introduce overly complex material, or financially overburden their students. Law enforcement and other criminal justice professionals will find a wealth of valuable information to improve training sessions. Written by experts in the disciplines they are covering and edited by a senior scholar in criminal justice, Forensic Studies for Criminal Justice opens up the world of forensic science to the criminal justice community. Part of a new Anderson series presenting brief works on forensic science, written especially for students and law enforcementSurveys the current state of the digital forensic investigation tools available for social media, looking at legal concerns and pointing to future trendsDiscusses the types of crimes committed using social media, including hactivism, burglary, malware, cyberbullying, and child exploitation, among othersCase studies of domestic and international social media investigations.