Suchergebnisse

This essay has sought to bring out salient points that can throw light both upon the vexing problems of cultural transformation and on the related phenomena of economic growth. It has employed concepts that are relatively recent in the social sciences and that when synthesized provide the elements of a theory of social change. The five main concepts are: the city as a cross-cultural type; the functional urban hierarchy; the nodular regional structure; effective social, political-administrative and economic space; economic growth as being part of a more comprehensive process leading to successively higher levels of integration of the social system.From the concept of the city as a cross-cultural type it follows that there are no fundamental distinctions between industrial and preindustrial cities, but both are sharply distinguished from communal village life. All cities have in common a way of life that is characterized by varying degrees of social heterogeneity and cultural vitality, and by inventiveness, creativity, rationality, and civic consciousness. From the fact that cities and the regions related to them may be seen as functionally differentiated and arranged in hieratic fashion it follows that the extent of urban influence will vary with (a) the stage of evolution reached by the hierarchy as a whole, and (b) the relative position of any given city within the hierarchy.Economic growth has to be seen as part of a comprehensive process of cultural transformation. From the ruthless destruction of old social forms no aspect of society will be spared. It is the influences spreading outward from cities that accomplish both the disruption of the traditional social patterns and the reintegration of society around new fundamental values. The city acts as a coordinating, space-creating force, thus achieving the integration of the social order in its spatial dimensions. Intellectuals, administrators and entrepreneurs are the city's agents in this task. With their success in organizing the life of a society, both as a pattern of activities and as a pattern in space, the traditional notion of a city as a place having definite geographic limits will tend gradually to disappear. Just as Karl Mannheim speaks of fundamental democratization as one of the tendencies of our age, so one may speak of fundamental urbanization as the end-result of modern economic growth. With this, the former distinction between town and country will beblurred and will leave a thoroughly organized, impersonal, and functionally rational society to carry on.

En este artículo se recuperan los aportes sobre la categoría de espacio de Henri Lefebvre –cuyos estudios fueron pioneros e innovadores– y de Doreen Massey –quien retoma a Lefebvre desde una lectura post-estructuralista. Ellos problematizaron la construcción social del espacio en relación al conflicto y la política, y en esa lectura, aportaron algunos análisis sobre arte. Por lo tanto, retomar sus núcleos argumentativos constituye un aporte para una posible lectura que vincule espacio y arte, factible de ser proyectado a los estudios sociales del arte. Se recurre a un diseño flexible con metodología cualitativa, basada en el análisis bibliográfico y desde una perspectiva transdisciplinar. Así, estas indagaciones aportan un marco analítico significativo para comprender la centralidad que tiene la construcción y disputa del espacio por parte de numerosas prácticas, entre ellas las artísticas, objeto de nuestro interés. ; In this paper we recover the contributions based on the category of space of Henri Lefebvre – whose studies were pioneers and innovators–, and Doreen Massey – who takes up Lefebvre from a post-structuralist reading–. They problematized the social construction of space in relation to conflict and politics, and in that reading, they contributed some analysis about art. Therefore, to retake their argumentative nuclei constitutes a contribution for a possible reading that links space and art, feasible to be projected to the social studies of art. A flexible design with a qualitative methodology is used, based on the bibliographical analysis and from a transdisciplinary perspective. As well, these investigations provide a significant analytical framework for understanding the centrality that has the construction and dispute of space by many practices, among them the artistic ones, object of our interest. ; Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación

The article is devoted to the analysis of imagination as a philosophical and sociological concept that played a significant role in the development of social theory in the middle of the 20th century. Exploring the premises of the contradictory relationship between science and society, it is easy to find a connection between the development of science and social change. Currently, it is generally accepted that scientific, including social theories, through the transfer of ideas, transform the social order and, on the contrary, social practices transform knowledge about the world. The article proves that imagination plays a key role in this process. An excursion into the theory of ideas reveals the connection between imagination and irrational and experiential knowledge. The author of the article refers to the works of P. Berger and T. Luckmann, C. Castoriadis and C. Taylor, who showed a direct connection between theoretical ideas and the world of "social imaginary", collective imaginary and social changes. For the first time in the history of mankind, thanks to imagination, society does not see the social order as something immutable. Methodological cases are presented that illustrate the specific role of the concept of imagination as a source of the formation of new research strategies that allow for a new look at the problem of nationalism (social constructivism) and the study of public expectations from the implementation of technological innovations (STS). For decades, Benedict Anderson's work "Imagined Communities" predetermined the interest of researchers of nationalism in social imagination and the collective ideas based on it about the national identity of modern societies, their history and geography. The research of Sheila Jasanoff and Sang-Hyun Kim has formed a new track for the study of science as a collective product of public expectations of an imaginary social order, embodied in technological projects. The conclusion is made about the contradictory nature of social expectations based on collective imagination: on the one hand, they strengthen the authority of science in society, on the other hand, they provoke the growth of negative expectations from the introduction of scientific discoveries. The article substantiates the opinion that imagination is an effective tool for assessing the risks of introducing innovations.

En el presente siglo estamos asistiendo a una serie de transformaciones del espacio público que afectan al eje central del constitucionalismo, es decir, a la ciudadanía. La globalización, el incremento de los procesos migratorios, las nuevas tecnologías, están provocando una serie de cambios en el entendimiento de los espacios y los tiempos de la democracia, al tiempo que están erosionando algunos de los paradigmas del Estado constitucional. Estas transformaciones están provocando un aumento de la complejidad de nuestras sociedad y, por lo tanto, de los potenciales conflictos. Al tiempo que se someten a debate principios esenciales como el de igualdad o el del pluralismo. Partiendo de la conexión entre "orden político" y "paz social", fundamentados ambos en la dignidad y los derechos fundamentales, en el trabajo analizamos tres aspectos que inciden en la complejidad de nuestras sociedades: la relación entre los espacios públicos y los privados, la creciente diversidad del espacio público y la participación como derecho fundamental mediante el cual dotamos de contenido democrático a dicho espacio. Todo ello con un análisis que tiene presente la transversalidad de la igualdad de género y desde el convencimiento de que muchos de los retos que planteamos sólo pueden responderse adecuadamente desde una concepción republicana de la democracia en la que el ámbito local es el ámbito más adecuado para el fomento de las virtudes cívicas y el diálogo intercultural. ; In the present century we are present at a series of transformations of the public space that they affect to the backbone of the constitutionalism, that is to say, to the citizenship. The globalization, the increase of the migratory processes, the new technologies, are provoking a series of changes in the understanding of the spaces and the times of the democracy, at the time that they are eroding some of the paradigms of the constitutional State. These transformations are provoking an increase of the complexity of our society and, therefore, of the potential conflicts. At the time that essential beginning(principles) surrenders to debate as that of equality or that of the pluralism. Departing from the connection between " political order " and " social peace ", based both in the dignity and the fundamental rights, in the work we analyze three aspects that affect in the complexity of our societies: the relation between the public spaces and the private ones, the increasing diversity of the public space and the participation like fundamental right by means of which we provide with democratic content to the above mentioned space. All this with one analysis that has is presented by the mainstreaming of the equality of genre and from the conviction of which many of the challenges that we raise only can be answered adequately from a republican conception of the democracy in which the local area is the better space for the promotion of the civic virtues and the intercultural dialogue.

Two years ago, Jon Christensen and Stamen Design began to explore social media generated every day in California parks, open spaces and natural areas, from city centers to wilderness areas. So far, they have gathered social media from more than half a million unique users of Instragram, Flickr, Twitter, and Foursquare who have shared content in one or more of the 11,826 parks in California. The project, like this photo essay, shows that parks are social—that is, people do things in parks that they do in the rest of their lives. They also show that diverse Californians will see people like themselves in parks they do. It is hoped that representing this diversity will encourage more California to use their national, state, and local parks.

AbstractThis is the third of four Last Lectures delivered by George Frederickson before his death in 2020. In "Thick Social Equity," Frederickson returns to an abiding theme of his scholarship: the advancement of social equity in public administration research and practice. He traces the progress in the literature over the decades from "thin" to "thick" social equity, praising advancements in theory and empirical research in the twenty-first century, while decrying the current state of social inequity, particularly in the United States.

Recent literature recognises the importance of situating social networks in spatial contexts to better understand how space, place, and social networks interact and are co‐constituted. Despite this call, the mainstream literature in social network analysis pays relatively little attention to spatial dimensions of social networks and remains largely disconnected from the vast body of research on spatial networks in geography and cognate fields. This thematic issue is one step towards advancing this research agenda by examining how such an approach relates to issues of social inclusion and social participation. It includes a selection of studies that focus on the relation between space and social networks across a wide variety of research fields and contexts. Contributions use original, often mixed‐method approaches and multiple perspectives for capturing the role of space and people's experience of place in network formation through physical, cultural, and geographical dimensions. We conclude this editorial by briefly suggesting areas for future research.