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The emergence of TV in the first half of the 20th century became one of the media for mass audiovisual communication, technologically extending the tradition of electric telegraph and radio. Initially, TV was considered a media for transmitting current processes. With the introduction of video technology in the 1960s, TV began to capture live content and re-display videos. TV content production technologies have been radically changed by video editing, which has brought TV closer to the cinema. Technological changes in the analog era have had a greater impact on content production processes, and the digital era sparked a revolution in content consumption. Technological changes in the pre-digital and digital era can be seen as progress, but at the same time raises the question of media perception, even survival, as the technologies of production and distribution of TV content and audience behavior change from time to time.

This article reviews the main findings of a three-year empirical study that examined the possible contribution of computer-mediated communication (CMC) to participation in offline social movement protest events. Participation was examined as manifest in mobilization, identity building and organizational transformation. Digital prefigurative participation is a tentative construct that attempts to capture the CMC aspect of engagement in the three processes. The participatory processes were probed in the contrasting circumstances of high- and low-risk protest events. This distinction has revealed some important differences in the structural factors that foster participation, primary among which has been organizational affiliation. Yet, it has remained largely unexplored in studies of internet use in protest politics. Findings from two case studies of environmental protests in Romania and the UK suggest that digital prefigurative participation may be extensive among unaffiliated participants at a low-risk event and the affiliated at a high-risk one.

Intro -- About the Author -- Dedication -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- INTRODUCTION -- 1 LESSONS FROM WIKILEAKS -- 2 THE CONCEPT OF ACCOUNTABILITY -- 3 VALUES, PRINCIPLES, AND ETHICAL THEORIES -- 4 FOUR KEY CONCEPTS -- 5 IMPARTIALITY -- 6 CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- 7 'THE GRINDER' -- 8 CONSENT -- 9 TRUTH-TELLING -- 10 SOURCES AND CONFIDENCES -- 11 DECEPTION AND BETRAYAL -- 12 PRIVACY -- 13 TRAUMA, DISASTERS, AND SUICIDE -- 14 ONLINE ETHICAL PROBLEMS -- 15 TAKING CARE OF OURSELVES -- 16 A CODE OF ETHICS FOR THE DIGITAL AGE -- MEDIA CODES OF ETHICS AND PRACTICE -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- NOTES.

Virtual Reality (VR) has traditionally required external sensors placed around a designated play space. In contrast, more recent wired and wireless systems, such as the Oculus Rift S (released in March 2019) and the Oculus Quest (released in May 2019) use cameras located on the outside of these devices to monitor their physical position. Users can now mark out a physical space that is then digitally tracked within their display. Once a play space has been established, users are alerted if they come close to breaching this boundary by the visual inclusion of a grid. Should this threshold be breached, the headset display shifts to an image of the surrounding concrete environment. We contend that physical space is increasingly being incorporated into the digital space of VR in a manner that meaningfully differs from older systems. We build our argument in the following way. First, the article explores how theories surrounding VR have implicated only a limited relationship with physical space. Second, the article introduces the concept of coextensive space as a way of understanding the developing relationship between the physical, digital and concrete reality enacted by current VR systems.

Social interaction technologies (SIT) is a very broad field that encompasses a large list of topics: interactive and networked computing, mobile social services and the Social Web, social software and social media, marketing and advertising, various aspects and uses of blogs and podcasting, corporate value and web-based collaboration, e-government and online democracy, virtual volunteering, different aspects and uses of folksonomies, tagging and the social semantic cloud of tags, blog-based knowledge management systems, systems of online learning, with their ePortfolios, blogs and wikis in education and journalism, legal issues and social interaction technology, dataveillance and online fraud, neogeography, social software usability, social software in libraries and nonprofit organizations, and broadband visual communication technology for enhancing social interaction. The fact is that the daily activities of many businesses are being socialized, as is the case with Yammer (https://www.yammer.com/), the social enterprise social network. The leitmotivs of social software are: create, connect, contribute, and collaborate.

Abstrak Ilmu Pendidikan Sosial (IPS) merupakan ilmu penelaahan atau kajian tentang masyarakat. Dalam mengkaji masyarakat, terdapat berbagai perspektif sosial, seperti kajian melalui pengajaran sejarah, geografi, ekonomi, sosiologi, antropologi, politik-pemerintahan, dan aspek psikologisosial yang disederhanakan untuk mencapai tujuan pembelajaran. Pada kenyataannya banyak siswa yang kurang bisa memahami inti dari pelajaran IPS, bahkan merasa bosan dengan pembelajaran yang didominasi dengan ceramah. Oleh karena itu, diperlukannya sebuah media pembelajaran yang menarik dalam proses pembelajaran. Salah satu media pembelajaran yang dapat diterapkan dalam pembelajaran IPS adalah media flash player. Flash player merupakan media yang berbentuk buku digital atau yang biasa disebut dengan e-book dalam pembelajaran IPS. Implementasi pembelajaran buku digital dapat berfungsi sebagai media dan sumber belajar. Penggunaan buku digital pada pembelajaran IPS adalah upaya pendidik untuk memanfaatkan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi dalam menyampaikan materi pelajaran kepada peserta didik.

Part 2: Critical Reflections ; International audience ; The paper examines linkages between the type of the digital media resources that host internet discussions on publicly important issues and the outcomes of such debates viewed from the perspective of online deliberation theory and practice. The presented case-based study analyses seven online discourses that debated the destruction of western agricultural products imported to Russia after the embargo imposed by the Russian government on such food in August 2015. The study hypothesized that the digitally enabled discussions would be similar to face-to-face deliberation practices that tend to attract the like-minded people and thus reinforce the already established beliefs and worldviews among discourse participants. Specifically, it was assumed in this context that the attitude towards the policy of food destruction would differ across the media and depend on its public identity viewed from the perspective of political allegiance. The paper presents empirical evidence that supports – with some caution – the postulated assumption.

The rise of digital intermediaries such as search engines and social media is profoundly changing our media environment. Here, we analyze how news media organizations handle their relations to these increasingly important intermediaries. Based on a strategic case study, we argue that relationships between publishers and platforms are characterized by a tension between (1) short-term, operational opportunities and (2) long-term strategic worries about becoming too dependent on intermediaries. We argue that these relationships are shaped by news media's fear of missing out, the difficulties of evaluating the risk/reward ratios, and a sense of asymmetry. The implication is that news media that developed into an increasingly independent institution in the 20th century—in part enabled by news media organizations' control over channels of communication—are becoming dependent upon new digital intermediaries that structure the media environment in ways that not only individual citizens but also large, resource-rich, powerful organizations have to adapt to.

A stimulating, eclectic accountof new media that finds its origins in old media, particularly the cinema. In this book Lev Manovich offers the first systematic and rigorous theory of new media. He places new media within the histories of visual and media cultures of the last few centuries. He discusses new media's reliance on conventions of old media, such as the rectangular frame and mobile camera, and shows how new media works create the illusion of reality, address the viewer, and represent space. He also analyzes categories and forms unique to new media, such as interface and database. Manovich uses concepts from film theory, art history, literary theory, and computer science and also develops new theoretical constructs, such as cultural interface, spatial montage, and cinegratography. The theory and history of cinema play a particularly important role in the book. Among other topics, Manovich discusses parallels between the histories of cinema and of new media, digital cinema, screen and montage in cinema and in new media, and historical ties between avant-garde film and new media.

The media environment has changed dramatically in recent years. First altered by cable news, which upended the dominance of network news, digital media has in recent years created a media landscape littered with media outlets, from new, ambitious websites like Politico to citizen media sourced on Twitter. It is unclear how or if these changes have changed the relationship between the media and the public; indeed, despite considerable attention from scholars, the interdependencies between media elements such as professional news, blogs, social media, and the public that define the modern media have yet to be unraveled. Instead, several conflicting findings have emerged: some confirm the prevailing media to public agenda setting theory, others find a reverse agenda setting dynamic, while some uncover an interactive series of processes in which diverse elements influence the media and public agendas. I argue that modern agenda setting processes reflect a hybridized media ecosystem, with mutual interdependencies and feedback loops driving agenda creation. I further characterize the issues that are likely to emerge in particular elements and consider the role of partisanship. To test my hypotheses, I analyze longitudinal data on issue attention across five elements of the contemporary media system: survey data, Twitter, key blogs, a record of Google searches within the United States; and top professional news sources. I track attention to 25 issues across a time horizon from January 2010 through December 2013. A lagged time series analysis further identifies issue origin points and trends as issues travel across elements. In order to further illuminate this relationship, I examine three of these issues in more detail by shining a light on the media and public discussions of these issues during periods of canonical attention. I also show how the rise of partisan media has changed the media agenda itself, with the result that different outlets attend to issues at different rates. This dissertation is therefore able to characterize the interdependencies inherent within the system that drive the public and media agendas, challenging some of the assumptions of a generation of minimal effects theories.

Weckruf, Ermutigung und Anleitung für die bessere Sichtbarkeit beim selbstbestimmten Arbeiten und Netzwerken. Schöne neue (Arbeits-)Welt? Eher nicht. Kathrin Koehler erfährt in ihren Coachings häufig Vorbehalte gegenüber der "Selbstdarstellung" auf internen und externen digitalen Plattformen wie LinkedIn, Instagram etc. Sie hört die Stimmen der inneren Kritiker:innen und sie erlebt Tag für Tag Überforderung und Mutlosigkeit. Deshalb ist es ihre Mission, dazu zu ermutigen, die neue Arbeitswelt ebenso wie die damit verknüpften Kommunikationskanäle als Chance für die persönliche Entwicklung zu begreifen und als Bühne professioneller Kommunikation zu nutzen. In diesem Buch leitet Kathrin Koehler den Zusammenhang von New Work und New Networking her und exploriert in Interviews die Überwindung von Blockaden, smarte Taktiken für Introvertierte, Contententwicklung und -gestaltung, Zeitmanagement, den Umgang mit Vielstimmigkeit durch eine Vielzahl aktiver Netzwerker im Unternehmen und vieles mehr. Anschließend nimmt sie die Leser:innen in einer Schritt-für Schritt-Anleitung für eine bessere berufliche Positionierung mit auf eine Lernreise zur Entfaltung der eigenen Potenziale beim Kommunizieren und dem New Networking.