Suchergebnisse

In the early 1980s, crack cocaine appeared in the drug market. Not only did it provide enormous benefits for gang members, as most of them were drug dealers, but it was also considered as particularly addictive. Since crack is a cheaper form of cocaine, its use was widespread among the marginalized people, including the African American underclass. The pervasiveness of crack and the growing national concern incited Ronald Reagan to launch a war on drugs so as to control social deviance, which is a part of the delinquent subculture. This initiative has taken many forms from the militarization of police to mass incarceration. However, as crack is said to be mostly used and sold by the African American underclass, the war on drugs had a particular effect on them. ; Le crack, une version moins chère que la cocaïne, fait son entrée sur le marché de la drogue au début des années 1980. Elle est l'une des ressources principales des gangs et prend une place considérable dans les ghettos américains. De plus, elle est aussi principalement consommée par les individus les plus marginalisés, dont l'underclass afro-américaine. Ce mémoire a alors pour but d'étudier la lutte antidrogue lancée par le président Ronald Reagan. Ce dernier va mener une guerre particulièrement punitive afin de contrôler la déviance sociale inhérente à la sous-culture de la délinquance. Cette guerre contre la drogue est alors rythmée par la militarisation de la police et marque également le début de l'incarcération de masse, des mesures qui touchent particulièrement l'underclass afro-américaine.

In the early 1980s, crack cocaine appeared in the drug market. Not only did it provide enormous benefits for gang members, as most of them were drug dealers, but it was also considered as particularly addictive. Since crack is a cheaper form of cocaine, its use was widespread among the marginalized people, including the African American underclass. The pervasiveness of crack and the growing national concern incited Ronald Reagan to launch a war on drugs so as to control social deviance, which is a part of the delinquent subculture. This initiative has taken many forms from the militarization of police to mass incarceration. However, as crack is said to be mostly used and sold by the African American underclass, the war on drugs had a particular effect on them. ; Le crack, une version moins chère que la cocaïne, fait son entrée sur le marché de la drogue au début des années 1980. Elle est l'une des ressources principales des gangs et prend une place considérable dans les ghettos américains. De plus, elle est aussi principalement consommée par les individus les plus marginalisés, dont l'underclass afro-américaine. Ce mémoire a alors pour but d'étudier la lutte antidrogue lancée par le président Ronald Reagan. Ce dernier va mener une guerre particulièrement punitive afin de contrôler la déviance sociale inhérente à la sous-culture de la délinquance. Cette guerre contre la drogue est alors rythmée par la militarisation de la police et marque également le début de l'incarcération de masse, des mesures qui touchent particulièrement l'underclass afro-américaine.

OBJECTIVE: Racial discrimination is a common experience for African Americans, but no research has examined how discrimination reported in daily-life moments influences concurrent negative emotions and psychosocial resources. METHOD: Emerging adult African Americans (N = 54) reported hourly on momentary racial discrimination, negative emotions, and psychosocial resources across two days. RESULTS: Controlling for past discrimination and trait emotion, momentary racial discrimination was associated with greater negative emotions and lower psychosocial resources (ps < .05). The relationship between momentary racial discrimination and negative emotions was stronger among individuals residing in areas with fewer African Americans (simple slope p < .0001). The relationship between momentary racial discrimination and psychosocial resources was stronger among individuals reporting greater past discrimination (simple slope p < .0001). Vicarious discrimination (exposure to discrimination experienced by another person) was associated with higher negative emotions, p < .01, but not with psychosocial resources. CONCLUSION: These results are the first to demonstrate that personal and vicarious racial discrimination are associated with negative emotions and lower coping resources in daily-life moments and that contextual factors modify these associations. Results refine our understanding of the immediate sequelae of discrimination in daily life and point to possible targets for ecological momentary interventions.

Despite the demonstrated effectiveness of preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to reduce incident HIV infections, PrEP's potential as an HIV prevention strategy for adolescent populations is unknown. This study assessed perceptions of adolescent PrEP use and clinical trial participation among African American women and their adolescent daughters. We conducted focus group discussions with 15 African American mother/daughter pairs ( N = 30). Findings suggest a general lack of PrEP awareness, favorable attitudes toward adolescent PrEP use, altruistic attitudes regarding research participation among daughters, and less favorable attitudes toward adolescent clinical trial participation among mothers. Study findings have the potential to inform strategies that provide equitable access to HIV scientific advances among African American women and girls and promote informed parent–child research decision making.

Robert A. Wortham shines a light on W. E. B. Du Bois's role in shaping the scientific scope of the sociological perspective through his pioneering contributions in the areas of demography, urban and rural sociology, Southern Black Belt studies, and religion and society.