Suchergebnisse

Evaluating smoking prevention and cessation programs requires valid data collection. This study examined two survey modes—face-to-face (FTF) interview and self-administered questionnaire (SAQ)—comparing response rates, sample characteristics, data quality, and response effects. From two family planning clinics, 601 female Latina and African American clients ages 12 to 21 were recruited and randomized to either group. Results reveal that neither mode is superior to the other. The SAQ may therefore be preferable for this population, despite its higher rate of incompletes, because it yields results similar to the FTF yet is more cost effective and less disruptive to clinic routines.

Housing dispersal strategies (scattered sites) have its roots in efforts to construct public housing in more ethnically diverse and affluent communities as a result of the overrepresentation of Blacks/African Americans living in public housing developments with concentrated poverty and racial segregation. Today, the use of scattered site housing is more indicative of nonprofit housing providers seeking to end homelessness. Comparable with the demographics of public housing residents, Blacks/African Americans are severely overrepresented in homeless populations across America. This study examined the impact of scattered site supportive housing, located in an affluent and predominately White/European American community to determine any reductions in social isolation and any levels of improved socio-economic status of men who were formerly homeless and primarily Black/African American. This study used five variables identified from earlier studies thought to influence socio-economic well-being: resident satisfaction, a sense of community, impact on income, neighbor opposition or not-in-my-own backyard (NIMBY) attitudes, and impact of scattered site housing on property values. The results showed that the respondents were, on average, more satisfied with the buildings where they lived than their landlord relations or external neighbors. Furthermore, the study found very little neighbor opposition based on race or class and no negative impact on property values from nearby scattered site developments. Based on these findings, recommendations to continue implementing housing dispersal strategies are offered. In addition, directions for future research are provided.

1. Introduction -- 2. One Cosmopolitan World, or None -- 3. A Theory of True Democracy -- 4. Impediments to True Democracy and a Cosmopolitan World -- 5. A Theory of Race for Democracy and Cosmopolitanism -- 6. A Theory of Value for Democracy and Cosmopolitanism -- 7. Conclusion.

This second edition of Gloria Browne-Marshall's seminal work , tracing the history of racial discrimination in American law from colonial times to the present, is now available with major revisions. Throughout, she places advocates for freedom and equality at the center, moving from their struggle for physical freedom in the slavery era to more recent battles for equal rights and economic equality. From the colonial period to the present, this book examines education, property ownership, voting rights, criminal justice, and the military as well as internationalism and civil liberties by ana

In 2016 and 2017, Colson Whitehead&rsquo ; s The Underground Railroad and Jesmyn Ward&rsquo ; s Sing, Unburied, Sing both won the National Book Award for fiction, the first time that two African-American writers have won the award in consecutive years. This article argues that both novels invoke African-based spirituality in order to create literary sites of resistance both within the narrative of the respective novels, but also within American culture at large. By drawing on a tradition of authors using African-based spiritual practices, particularly Voodoo, hoodoo, conjure and rootwork, Whitehead and Ward enter and engage in a tradition of African American protest literature based on African spiritual traditions, and use these traditions variously, both as a tie to an originary African identity, but also as protection and a locus of resistance to an oppressive society. That the characters within the novels engage in African spiritual traditions as a means of locating a sense of &ldquo ; home&rdquo ; within an oppressive white world, despite the novels being set centuries apart, shows that these traditions provide a possibility for empowerment and protest and can act as a means for contemporary readers to address their own political and social concerns.

The following paper focuses on the issue of the business/economic influence of American Black churches congregations: As a part of this thesis research, an extensive literature search has been carried out in the area of the Black Spiritual movement and its developments. The emphasis of my thesis study is measuring, analyzing and understanding the evolution of American Black church congregations and the important business role they perform in the community. The practical effects of these early institutions, that can be seen in the people it produced. Out of these church congregations came those who would most certainly go to any Black Hall of Fame honoring those who were pioneers in the black liberation struggle for social change and entrepreneurship. There are many undefined roles which derived form black churches as a business. Namely, most black people learned to pool their resources and build many visible churches. it was seeing their money, as meager as it was, built structures and maintain them that gave them pride, assurance and responsibility. It was the edifices that served as centers for black political activities. The black person who found himself denied space or a place in the civil arena of power, was somewhat consoled by virtue of the fact that he could via tor power and position in the church environment. Literature search reveals that the black church is a business m which structure is promoted and citizenship skills are developed. Through extensive research I'm approaching the sociological outlook of viewing the Black Church as a business, where community members are inspired. The study will involve viewing the history of American Black Churches and the spiritual movement which becomes a useful competitive weapon. This weapon, when used effectively demonstrates how important the Black Church is to the community and the enduring and viable social/business roles performed within this institution.