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22 p. ; By William Prynne. ; Place of publication from Wing. ; Annotation on Thomason copy: "Jan: 22th."; the 8 in imprint date crossed out and date altered to 1647. ; Also identified as Wing P3920 on UMI microfilm "Early English books, 1641-1700" reel 1938. ; Copy from the British Library (not in Thomason Tracts), cropped at foot, losing imprint. ; Reproductions of the originals in the British Library.

Introduction : framing the law of nations in intellectual property in the nineteenth century / P. Sean Morris -- The key historical influences leading to the Paris convention for the protection of industrial property of 1883 / Louise J. Duncan -- Challenging the normative impact of technological innovation from the norm development process of the Paris convention to global patent justice / Johannes Thumfart -- Innovation diplomacy international exhibitions and the rise of innovation in the law of nations / P. Sean Morris -- Mr Patent Goes to War! Industrial property and the breakdown of the international order during World War I / Phillip Johnson -- Stuck in a waltz the Austro-Hungarian monarchy and its imperial method to the Berne Convention / Péter Munkácsi -- The man behind the curtain developing film's double exposure of intellectual property / Johanna Gibson -- The untold story of the First Copyright Statute of China exploring the 1910 Copyright Code of the Great Qing Dynasty / Jyh-An Lee and Yangzi Li -- The crystallization of international norms a case study on diffusion of trademark norms in early-20th century China / Ainee Adam -- The unusual extension of imperial intellectual property laws to colonies in Africa / Daniel Opoku Acquah -- Early American Federal Trademark Law and the Law of Nations / Zvi S. Rosen -- The transforming face of terroir Unde Venis geographical indications? / Devanshi Saxena and Esther van Zimmeren.

In today's asymmetric armed conflicts, military agents carry out targeted killings against civilians that »take a direct part in the hostilities«. This book defines such participation for the purposes of international humanitarian, criminal and human rights law. Additionally, the general framework of the law of war is revisited, in particular under the currently frequent scenario of non-international armed conflicts. Treaty requirements for the recognition of non-state actors (degree of collectivity) are addressed and the legal ethics of a strict status-based approach in international law (combatants/civilians) is opined on. The study at hand analyzes the repertory of applicable legal texts and their authentic versions in the different official languages. It discloses existing incoherencies and gives an overview of their implementation into the national legislation of several countries. The research closes with a fictional case study. Graphs and figures are used for illustration purposes throughout the document. In today's asymmetric armed conflicts, military agents carry out targeted killings against civilians that »take a direct part in the hostilities«. This book defines such participation for the purposes of international humanitarian, criminal and human rights law. Additionally, the general framework of the law of war is revisited, in particular under the currently frequent scenario of non-international armed conflicts. Treaty requirements for the recognition of non-state actors (degree of collectivity) are addressed and the legal ethics of a strict status-based approach in international law (combatants/civilians) is opined on. The study at hand analyzes the repertory of applicable legal texts and their authentic versions in the different official languages. It discloses existing incoherencies and gives an overview of their implementation into the national legislation of several countries. The research closes with a fictional case study. Graphs and figures are used for illustration purposes throughout the document. In asymmetric armed conflicts military agents carry out targeted killings against civilians taking »a direct part in the hostilities«. This book defines such participation and revisits the applicable legal framework. Treaty requirements for the recognition of non-state actors are addressed and the legal ethics of a strict status-based approach (combatants/civilians) is opined on. The research uses numerous graphs for illustration purposes and closes with a fictional case study. Josef Alkatout, deutsch-palästinensischen Ursprungs, wuchs in den USA sowie in Süddeutschland auf. Nach dem Studium der Rechtswissenschaft und der internationalen Beziehungen in der Schweiz und in Finnland, promovierte er an der Universität Göttingen im internationalen Strafrecht zum Dr. jur. Er war über mehrere Jahre als Jurist in der Regulierungsbranche in London und Genf sowie als Dozent für den Weltverband der Gesellschaften für die Vereinten Nationen beschäftigt. Momentan vertritt er die tamilische Exilregierung in New York in Belangen des internationalen Strafrechts und ist darüber hinaus für eine Genfer Rechtsanwaltskanzlei tätig. Seine Abhandlung zur Zulässigkeit der Tötung Osama bin Ladens wurde in sechs Sprachen veröffentlicht. Josef Alkatout ist auch Autor von zwei belletristischen Romanen. Josef Alkatout is of Palestinian and German origin and grew up in the US and in Europe. He earned his degrees in law and international relations in Switzerland and Finland, and a PhD in international criminal law in Germany. During several years, Alkatout worked as a regulation lawyer in London and Geneva and lectured for the World Federation of United Nations Associations. Currently, he is the legal representative for the Tamil government in exile in New York and works in the field of criminal law in a firm in Geneva. His treatise on the legality of the Osama bin Laden killing was issued in six languages. Josef Alkatout has also published two novels.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Original Title -- Original Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Dedication -- 1. An Overview and Evaluation of Group Influence -- Some Background and Perspectives -- An Overview of Psychology of Group Influence -- Looking Backward and Forward -- References -- PART I: BASIC GROUP INFLUENCE -- 2. Alternative Conceptions of Social Facilitation -- History of Social Facilitation Research -- Drive Theory -- Directive Influences in Social Facilitation -- Attentional Effects of Presence of Others -- Conclusions -- References -- 3. Spatial Behavior of Individuals and Groups -- Theoretical Underpinnings -- Affiliative Conflict Theory of Spatial Behavior -- Applications to Groups, Audiences and Crowds -- Conclusion -- References -- 4. Deindividuation and the Self-Regulation of Behavior -- Early Theories of Deindividuation -- Mechanics of Behavioral Self-Regulation -- Alternative Explanations of Disinhibited Group Aggression -- Applications of Deindividuation -- Deindividuation: Avoided or Sought? -- Conclusion -- References -- 5. Environmental Influences on Groups -- Crowding -- Spatial Factors in Social Interaction -- Crowding Versus Social Cohesion: An Environment/Social Interaction Model -- Relevance to Other Group Processes -- Summary -- References -- PART II: SOCIAL INFLUENCE PROCESSES IN GROUPS -- 6. Newcomers and Oldtimers in Small Groups -- Research on Newcomers and Oldtimers -- Conclusions -- References -- 7. Reaction to Opinion Deviance in Small Groups -- Plan of the Paper -- Theoretical Perspectives -- Empirical Investigations -- Unresolved Issues -- References -- 8. Self-Categorization Theory and Social Influence -- Introduction -- Self-Categorization Theory and Social Identity: Social Change, Social Categorization and the Interpersonal-Intergroup Continuum.

1. One hundred years of oil income and the Iranian economy : a curse or a blessing? / Kamiar Mohaddes and M. Hashem Pesaran -- 2. Institutional change, policy challenges and macroeconomic performance, 1979-2004 / Hassan Hakimian -- 3. The political economy of petro populism and reform, 1997-2011 / Parvin Alizadeh -- 4. Iran's free trade zones : back doors to the international economy? / Hassan Hakimian -- 5. The role of government in the Iranian banking system, 2001-11 / Sima Motamen-Samadian -- 6. The development of Iran's auto industry in a comparative perspective / Parvin Alizadeh -- 7. The Iranian economy in the shadow of sanctions / Nader Habibi -- 8. Wage discrimination against women in Iran / Moaven Razavi and Nader Habibi.

This article is an overview study on migrant entrepreneurship in Hamburg with a special focus on Turkish entrepreneurs. On the basis of 58 semistructured interviews conducted between October 2008 and January 2009, several patterns such as entrepreneurial motivation, business development and embeddednes in co-ethnic or mainstream networks are closely examined. Furthermore, this article refers to problems migrant entrepreneurs encounter in the business process and illustrates formal and informal strategies applied in solving these issues. Lastly, support structures for migrant businesses in Hamburg are discussed and evaluated. -- migrant entrepreneurs ; migrant entrepreneurs in knowledge-intensive service sectors ; social capital ; co-ethnic and mainstream embeddedness ; support structures for migrant businesses in Hamburg