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AbstractPersistence of sensitive wildlife in populated regions requires conservation strategies that address gradual expansion of development footprint and human activity. The project-based environmental assessment regime for municipal development is poorly suited to provide necessary strategic perspective, given its focus on local and short-term impacts. We used the ALCES cumulative effects model to strategically assess impacts to grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) in the Bow Valley of Alberta, Canada. Landscape simulation mapped expansion of past and potential future development footprint in the region over multiple decades. Consequences to movement connectivity for grizzly bears were estimated by applying a least cost path analysis to the landscape simulation. An index of recreational activity was derived from fitness tracking data and integrated with the landscape simulation to model change in recreational activity through time. Maps of grizzly bear connectivity and recreational activity were combined to calculate human-bear conflict risk. The analysis suggests that connectivity has been altered through displacement to upslope areas by settlement expansion, such that surrounding natural areas have become important for grizzly bear connectivity. These areas are also popular for outdoor recreation, resulting in elevated human-bear conflict risk which can be expected to increase if development and human activity continue to expand in high connectivity areas. Conservation of wildlife in populated regions will be supported by broadening the scope of environmental assessment to address cumulative effects of development footprint and human activity over large spatial and temporal scales.

AbstractBusinesses have recognized the importance of corporate social responsibility (CSR) for overall fulfillment of strategic prerequisites. Long‐term success for any business enterprise is not possible without giving due attention to CSR. This paper aims to ascertain the unfamiliar communication links that can influence realization of CSR. It also discusses the possible mediating effects of two basic communication modes on CSR when used through social media. It is of further interest for future researchers due to the study of the moderator cross‐cultural management, which can strengthen the relationship between usage of social media and CSR realization. By exploring the utilization of social media for communication of CSR, this report is an important step towards empirical research to produce a concrete theory based on the methodology, tests and measures prescribed herein.

A feminist genealogy approach to governmentality is used to explore how indigenous knowledge and aspirations related to the environment become embedded into Aotearoa New Zealand environmental policy and practice. Particular consideration is given to the indigenous feminine as an impetus for change as expressed through atua wāhine/Māori female spiritual authority and powers. Political projects and activism by Māori, the indigenous people of Aotearoa New Zealand, provide the basis to explore contests between environmental truths that originate from Māori traditions and those that have come to dominate national environmental politics that originate from British &ldquo ; Western&rdquo ; traditions. It is argued that truth contests have been extremely effective at disrupting the power and authority of environmental policy and practice dominated by Western thought. Furthermore, efforts to maintain the momentum of these transformation and consolidate the authority and power of Māori communities is linked to rendering the indigenous feminine visible, retelling our herstories and developing new relationships and practices that give expression to atua.

published_or_final_version ; Environmental Management ; Master ; Master of Science in Environmental Management

published_or_final_version ; Environmental Management ; Master ; Master of Science in Environmental Management

AbstractIn this paper, we present a series of environmental policies that were implemented by the city-state of Athens during the Classical period (508–323 BCE) through a specific set of environmental institutions. They included: waste management, the implementation of a recycling process regarding animal manure as well as hygiene practices. Special administrative bodies were set up for this purpose with the power to impose heavy fines to offenders, and the actual job of environmental protection was contracted out to private operators. We argue that the success of the Athenian environmental institutions should primarily be attributed to the economic stimuli that the Athenian state provided to their staff so as to perform their duties efficiently, as well as to the imposition of fines and/or other penalties if they provided subpar services. We finally provide proposals as to how the Athenian environmental policies may be seen as an inspiration for our modern societies.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the current trend of solid waste management in Nigeria and to identify the major challenges inhibiting the attainment of sustainable solid waste management in the country. The study relied on a desktop study approach; hence, data were obtained from previous publications relevant to the current study, particularly from peer reviewed publications. Sources such as waste management agencies websites, reports and documents, journal articles, environmental organizations reports and books were also used to obtain information and data. It was found that solid waste management is a major concern in the country. Inadequate environmental policies and legislations, low level of environmental awareness, poor funding and inappropriate technology, corruption and unplanned development were some of the challenges facing solid waste management in the country. As a result, the paper concludes that for waste management to work, various aspects of Government services such as engineering, urban planning, Geography, economics, public health and law among others must be brought together under a proper policy to deliver an effective waste management system.

Malgré des succès tout à fait significatifs remportés par les politiques environnementales depuis un demi-siècle, force est de constater que ces dernières ne suffisent pas en l'état actuel, à garantir un usage véritablement durable des ressources naturelles. Tout semble en effet se passer comme si ces différentes politiques publiques de protection de l'environnement - fondées essentiellement sur des objectifs et des instruments de limitation des émissions nocives pour le « voisinage » - avaient trouvé aujourd'hui leurs limites. Fort de ce constat, fondé sur des analyses empiriques approfondies de processus d'exploitation de ressources, ainsi que sur une analyse systématique des règles régissant leurs usages et les droits des usagers, ce cahier propose une nouvelle lecture du monde empirique à l'aide du concept de « régime institutionnel de ressources naturelles » (RIRN). Adoptant une approche véritablement ressourcielle et combinant les apports analytiques de l'analyse des politiques publiques avec la théorie des droits de propriété développée par l'économie institutionnelle des ressources, le concept de régime institutionnel fournit des instruments d'analyse plus appropriés pour comprendre les enjeux de régulations des ressources naturelles dans les pays industrialisés et partant, permet d'identifier les principaux obstacles actuels à une gestion durable de ces ressources. Ce faisant, il permet également de formuler quelques principes normatifs et de recommandations quant à la manière de concevoir des dispositifs de régulations susceptibles de garantir une gestion durable des ressources naturelles dans nos sociétés. Finalement, les auteurs présentent en conclusion quelques pistes concernant l'application du concept de régime institutionnel à d'autres types de ressources matérielles, artificielles, culturelles ou encore symboliques. Despite considerable successes that have emerged from environmental policies over the last half-century of atmospheric pollution, the latter are not sufficient in their current state ...

In a special report in 2010, The Economist called the resurgence of state-owned mega-enterprises, especially those in emerging economies, "Leviathan Inc.", and warned about the dangers of the state capitalism model. Traditionally, state-owned firms have been criticized for poor governance and questionable efficiency. In fact, they may be better positioned to deal with market failures and externalities. Our findings based on publicly-listed firms in 45 countries suggest that government-controlled companies engage more in environmental issues, and this engagement does not come at a cost to shareholder value. The effect is more pronounced among firms in emerging market economies and in countries with higher energy risks. The effect is attributable to ownership stakes held directly by domestic governments, rather than to foreign state ownership or investment via sovereign wealth funds. Difference-in-differences estimates show that state-owned firms reacted more significantly to the 2009 Copenhagen Accord in improving their environmental performance. Interestingly, state-owned firms also engage more in social issues, but they do not reveal better corporate governance performance.

Protecting the Ozone Layer: Lessons, Models, and Prospects Since the mid-1980s, the international community has adopted several significant instruments designed to reverse the degradation of the life support systems of the planet. None of these international agreements have been as successful as the 1987 Montreal Protocol in creating the incentives and mechanisms for protecting the ozone layer. Through the efforts of industry, government and public interest groups, national commitments and achievements have progressed further and faster than expected, while the list of controlled chemicals has expanded. Now in its second decade, the Protocol enters a crucial phase of its implementation. Protecting the Ozone Layer: Lessons, Models, and Prospects presents a wealth of information about the scientific, legal-political, and technological hurdles that we will have to overcome if humanity is to reverse its self-destructive course. The technology section in particular should appeal to industries affected by ozone layer protection as well as those affected by climate protection, since this is the first ozone publication featuring insights by the companies that spearheaded the major technological breakthroughs. Every initiative to improve the environmental performance of industry has been accompanied by pronouncements of economic devastation, from acid rain to auto emissions standards, from auto mileage improvements to the protection of the ozone layer. Each new initiative brought claims from industry that this situation was different, yet none of their predictions have come true. At a time when industry fights efforts to protect the environment, the ozone experience shows both how technical breakthroughs have enabled environmental protection policies to work in the past and how they will work again in the future. Protecting the Ozone Layer: Lessons, Models, and Prospects is the product of a Colloquium that was organized in September 1997 to celebrate the tenth anniversary of the Montreal Protocol. Contributions have been gathered from researchers and practitioners in the field, including some of the very same scientists whose work awakened the international community to the seriousness of the danger that humanity now faces. Other contributors include the scholars and diplomats who wrote and negotiated the text of the Protocol and its amendments, and the key figures who have been influential in convincing industry to support the process