Suchergebnisse

Memory in the Balkans has often been described as binding, authoritative, and non-negotiable, functioning as a banner of war. This book challenges such a one-dimensional representation and offers a more nuanced analysis that accommodates frequently ignored instances of transnational solidarity, dialogue, communal mourning and working through a difficult past. Exploring a broad range of memorial practices, the book focuses on the ways in which cultural memory is mediated, performed and critically reworked by literature and the arts in the former Yugoslavia. Against the methodological nationalism of works that study Serbian, Croatian, or Bosniak culture as self-contained, this book examines post-Yugoslav literature, film, visual culture, and politicized art practices from a supranational angle. Not solely focusing on traumatic memories, but also exploring how post-Yugoslav cultural practices mobilize memory for a politics of hope, this volume moves beyond the trauma paradigm that still dominates memory studies. In its scope and approach, the book shows the relevance of the cultural memory of Eastern European citizens and the contribution they can offer to the building of Europe's shared cultural memory and transnational identity.

In today's asymmetric armed conflicts, military agents carry out targeted killings against civilians that »take a direct part in the hostilities«. This book defines such participation for the purposes of international humanitarian, criminal and human rights law. Additionally, the general framework of the law of war is revisited, in particular under the currently frequent scenario of non-international armed conflicts. Treaty requirements for the recognition of non-state actors (degree of collectivity) are addressed and the legal ethics of a strict status-based approach in international law (combatants/civilians) is opined on. The study at hand analyzes the repertory of applicable legal texts and their authentic versions in the different official languages. It discloses existing incoherencies and gives an overview of their implementation into the national legislation of several countries. The research closes with a fictional case study. Graphs and figures are used for illustration purposes throughout the document. In today's asymmetric armed conflicts, military agents carry out targeted killings against civilians that »take a direct part in the hostilities«. This book defines such participation for the purposes of international humanitarian, criminal and human rights law. Additionally, the general framework of the law of war is revisited, in particular under the currently frequent scenario of non-international armed conflicts. Treaty requirements for the recognition of non-state actors (degree of collectivity) are addressed and the legal ethics of a strict status-based approach in international law (combatants/civilians) is opined on. The study at hand analyzes the repertory of applicable legal texts and their authentic versions in the different official languages. It discloses existing incoherencies and gives an overview of their implementation into the national legislation of several countries. The research closes with a fictional case study. Graphs and figures are used for illustration purposes throughout the document. In asymmetric armed conflicts military agents carry out targeted killings against civilians taking »a direct part in the hostilities«. This book defines such participation and revisits the applicable legal framework. Treaty requirements for the recognition of non-state actors are addressed and the legal ethics of a strict status-based approach (combatants/civilians) is opined on. The research uses numerous graphs for illustration purposes and closes with a fictional case study. Josef Alkatout, deutsch-palästinensischen Ursprungs, wuchs in den USA sowie in Süddeutschland auf. Nach dem Studium der Rechtswissenschaft und der internationalen Beziehungen in der Schweiz und in Finnland, promovierte er an der Universität Göttingen im internationalen Strafrecht zum Dr. jur. Er war über mehrere Jahre als Jurist in der Regulierungsbranche in London und Genf sowie als Dozent für den Weltverband der Gesellschaften für die Vereinten Nationen beschäftigt. Momentan vertritt er die tamilische Exilregierung in New York in Belangen des internationalen Strafrechts und ist darüber hinaus für eine Genfer Rechtsanwaltskanzlei tätig. Seine Abhandlung zur Zulässigkeit der Tötung Osama bin Ladens wurde in sechs Sprachen veröffentlicht. Josef Alkatout ist auch Autor von zwei belletristischen Romanen. Josef Alkatout is of Palestinian and German origin and grew up in the US and in Europe. He earned his degrees in law and international relations in Switzerland and Finland, and a PhD in international criminal law in Germany. During several years, Alkatout worked as a regulation lawyer in London and Geneva and lectured for the World Federation of United Nations Associations. Currently, he is the legal representative for the Tamil government in exile in New York and works in the field of criminal law in a firm in Geneva. His treatise on the legality of the Osama bin Laden killing was issued in six languages. Josef Alkatout has also published two novels.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Original Title -- Original Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Dedication -- 1. An Overview and Evaluation of Group Influence -- Some Background and Perspectives -- An Overview of Psychology of Group Influence -- Looking Backward and Forward -- References -- PART I: BASIC GROUP INFLUENCE -- 2. Alternative Conceptions of Social Facilitation -- History of Social Facilitation Research -- Drive Theory -- Directive Influences in Social Facilitation -- Attentional Effects of Presence of Others -- Conclusions -- References -- 3. Spatial Behavior of Individuals and Groups -- Theoretical Underpinnings -- Affiliative Conflict Theory of Spatial Behavior -- Applications to Groups, Audiences and Crowds -- Conclusion -- References -- 4. Deindividuation and the Self-Regulation of Behavior -- Early Theories of Deindividuation -- Mechanics of Behavioral Self-Regulation -- Alternative Explanations of Disinhibited Group Aggression -- Applications of Deindividuation -- Deindividuation: Avoided or Sought? -- Conclusion -- References -- 5. Environmental Influences on Groups -- Crowding -- Spatial Factors in Social Interaction -- Crowding Versus Social Cohesion: An Environment/Social Interaction Model -- Relevance to Other Group Processes -- Summary -- References -- PART II: SOCIAL INFLUENCE PROCESSES IN GROUPS -- 6. Newcomers and Oldtimers in Small Groups -- Research on Newcomers and Oldtimers -- Conclusions -- References -- 7. Reaction to Opinion Deviance in Small Groups -- Plan of the Paper -- Theoretical Perspectives -- Empirical Investigations -- Unresolved Issues -- References -- 8. Self-Categorization Theory and Social Influence -- Introduction -- Self-Categorization Theory and Social Identity: Social Change, Social Categorization and the Interpersonal-Intergroup Continuum.

1. One hundred years of oil income and the Iranian economy : a curse or a blessing? / Kamiar Mohaddes and M. Hashem Pesaran -- 2. Institutional change, policy challenges and macroeconomic performance, 1979-2004 / Hassan Hakimian -- 3. The political economy of petro populism and reform, 1997-2011 / Parvin Alizadeh -- 4. Iran's free trade zones : back doors to the international economy? / Hassan Hakimian -- 5. The role of government in the Iranian banking system, 2001-11 / Sima Motamen-Samadian -- 6. The development of Iran's auto industry in a comparative perspective / Parvin Alizadeh -- 7. The Iranian economy in the shadow of sanctions / Nader Habibi -- 8. Wage discrimination against women in Iran / Moaven Razavi and Nader Habibi.

This article is an overview study on migrant entrepreneurship in Hamburg with a special focus on Turkish entrepreneurs. On the basis of 58 semistructured interviews conducted between October 2008 and January 2009, several patterns such as entrepreneurial motivation, business development and embeddednes in co-ethnic or mainstream networks are closely examined. Furthermore, this article refers to problems migrant entrepreneurs encounter in the business process and illustrates formal and informal strategies applied in solving these issues. Lastly, support structures for migrant businesses in Hamburg are discussed and evaluated. -- migrant entrepreneurs ; migrant entrepreneurs in knowledge-intensive service sectors ; social capital ; co-ethnic and mainstream embeddedness ; support structures for migrant businesses in Hamburg

Our goal in this project is to gain a better empirical understanding of the international financial implications of currency movements. To this end, we construct a database of international currency exposures for a large panel of countries over 1990-2004. We show that trade-weighted exchange rate indices are insufficient to understand the financial impact of currency movements. We show that our currency measure has high explanatory power for the valuation term in net foreign asset dynamics: exchange rate valuation shocks are sizable, not quickly reversed and may entail substantial wealth redistributions. Further, we demonstrate that many developing countries hold short foreign-currency positions, leaving them open to negative valuation effects when the domestic currency depreciates. However, we also show that many of these countries have substantially reduced their foreign currency exposure over the last decade. -- Financial integration ; capital flows ; external assets and liabilities