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In dieser Arbeit wird am Beispiel der Integrierten Fortbildung der Polizei des Landes Brandenburgs untersucht, wie eine grundlegende Reorganisationsmaßnahme durch die verhaltensorientierte Fortbildung unterstützt werden kann. Es werden Möglichkeiten aufgezeigt, die im Rahmen eines Reformprozesses nötigen Verhaltensänderungen mit Hilfe der organisationseigenen Fortbildungsstruktur zu erreichen. Die Änderung von eingeschliffenen Verhaltensweisen bei Erwachsenen hat sich in der Praxis als sehr problematisch erwiesen. Deshalb wird in dieser Arbeit zunächst die Frage geklärt, welche Impulse von den aktuellen Forschungsergebnisse der Neurophysiologie und der Erziehungswissenschaften für eine Weiterentwicklung der verhaltensorientierten Fortbildung von Erwachsenen ausgehen können. Weiterhin wird untersucht, mit welcher konkreten Methodik sich langfristige und praxiswirksame Verhaltensänderungen bei Erwachsenen erreichen lassen und wie diese evaluiert werden können. Mit dieser Arbeit wird ein Konzept für eine verhaltensorientierte Fortbildung von Erwachsenen vorgestellt, das sowohl den Erfordernissen der Organisationsentwicklung als auch des täglichen Dienstes gerecht wird. Die Ergebnisse der Arbeit haben nicht nur für Fortbildungsmaßnahmen innerhalb der Polizei Gültigkeit, sondern sie lassen sich auch auf andere Bereiche übertragen, in denen Erwachsene innerhalb einer hierarchisch organisierten Struktur zu einer Änderung althergebrachter Verhaltensweisen veranlasst werden sollen. Wichtige Impulse gibt die Arbeit für die Fortbildung von Erwachsenen, die im Rahmen ihrer Tätigkeit auch unter extremen Stressbedingungen handlungsfähig bleiben sollen. Umsetzbar wäre dieses Konzept also auch in der Fortbildung von Feuerwehrleuten, Militärangehörigen, Lehrern, Erziehern oder von Personal in Krankenhäusern. ; Using the example of the integrated further education of the police of the land Brandenburg this paper examines how a profound measure of reorganisation can be supported by a behaviour oriented further education. Possibilities are being shown of how to achieve the necessary behavioural changes within the larger frame of a reform process with the help of a framework of further education within the organization itself. Changing established patterns of behaviour of adults has proved to be very difficult in practice. Therefore this paper first of all settles the question which impulses a further development of behaviour oriented further education of adults could receive from research results of neurophysiology and educational science. Further it is being investigated which specific methods can be employed to achieve a long-term change in the patterns of behaviour of adults which are effective in practice and how they can be evaluated. This study introduces a concept for a behaviour oriented further education of adults which does justice to the demands of the organization's development as well as of the daily duties. The results of the study are not only valid for the further education measures within the police but they can also be transferred to other areas in which adults are to be made to change established patterns of behaviour within a hierarchically organized structure. The study provides important impulses to the further education of adults who are to remain capable of acting within in the frame of their work even under extreme pressure. This concept therefore could also be applied to further education of firemen, military personnel, teachers, educators, and the personnel of hospitals.

Seit dem Jahr 2001 werden in Deutschland aufgrund von Länder – oder Fachhochschulinitiativen zunehmend Studiengänge für Physiotherapie etabliert, ohne dass es sich jedoch zunächst um einen vom Bund mitgetragenen und somit rechtlich abgesicherten neuen Berufsabschluss handelt. Die rasante Zunahme der Studiengänge geht einher mit einer maximalen Varianz hinsichtlich der Dauer, der Inhalte, der fachlichen Ausrichtung und Organisationsform sowie der Anbindung an unterschiedlichste Fakultäten. Die Studierenden dieser ersten Generation sind somit diejenigen, die mit ihren subjektiven Einstellungen, Wünschen, Ängsten, Erwartungen und Wahrnehmungen über einen neuen Blick verfügen. Sie können als die zentralen ExpertInnen in der Beurteilung eines deutlich Verunsicherung schaffenden Professionalisierungsprozess betrachtet werden. Mit der Einführung dieser neuen Studiengänge (z.T. im Sinne des Bolognaabkommens) werden vor dem Hintergrund der Fragen zur Existenz einer physiotherapeutischen Identität, eines physiotherapeutischen Habitus sowie der professionellen Selbstverortung drei unterschiedliche Forschungsstränge aufgegriffen: 1. Berufswahlmotive, existierende Bilder von Physiotherapie vor und nach der Ausbildung, Beurteilung der fachschulischen Ausbildung, Berufseinstieg 2. Gründe für die Aufnahme des Studiums, Vor- und Nachteile des Studiums, Bewertung des Studiums, Erwartungen an das Outcome, Probleme 3. Einstellung gegenüber Profession, Professionalisierung und Professionalität Methodologisch wurde das Forschungsdesign der ExpertInneninterviews gewählt. Die mit 33 Studierenden der unterschiedlichen Fachhochschulen geführten und vollständig transkribierten Interviews sind dann mittels eines qualitative Forschungsdaten verarbeitenden Softwareprogramms sequenzialisiert und codiert worden, um die Ergebnisse des Antwortverhaltens der Studierenden in eine mögliche Typisierung zu überführen. Um die studentische Binnensicht beruflicher Kulturalität um eine Außenaufsicht zu ergänzen, wurden zwei weitere nicht-studentische, jedoch professionszugehörige ExpertInnen interviewt. ; The first university degrees in Physiotherapy have been developing in Germany since 2001, without however, any formal, legislative introduction by government. The rapidly increasing number of these courses vary considerably with regard to duration, contents, staffing and faculty membership. In this process of professionalization the students of this first generation of higher education are of particular interest. They are the "experts", able to look at the profession from a new and different point of view. Their perception of the profession, their insecurities, wishes, hopes and needs highlight a process which could be described as unstable and confusing. The objective of this research project was to investigate whether a PT identity and a PT professional habitus exist and how the students themselves perceive the status of the profession. Expert interviews with students from different universities were chosen to gather the data which was subsequently analysed and codified using a qualitative research softwear to identify response types. In addition to the 33 students' interviews portraying an "insider´s view" of the cultural identity, 2 further interviews were carried out with non-student experts in the field to represent an "outsider´s view". This resulted in the examination of these distinct areas: 1. Career choice, satisfaction with initial PT training course, experiences on entering employment 2. Advantages and disadvantages of studying, satisfaction with the degree course, expectations of the outcome, problems 3. Attitude towards the profession, the status of professionalization and professionalism

Aus Sicht der Bundesrepublik

1 Basic Principles of Electron Spin Resonance -- 2 Basic Instrumentation of Electron Spin Resonance -- 3 Nuclear Hyperfine Interaction -- 4 Analysis of Electron Spin Resonance Spectra of Systems in the Liquid Phase -- 5 Interpretation of Hyperfine Splittings in ?-type Organic Radicals -- 6 Mechanism of Hyperfine Splittings in Conjugated Systems -- 7 Anisotropic Interactions in Oriented Systems with S = 1/2 -- 8 Interpretation of the ESR Spectra of Systems in the Solid State -- 9 Time-dependent Phenomena -- 10 Energy-level Splitting in Zero Magnetic Field; The Triplet State -- 11 Transition-metal Ions. I. -- 12 Transition-metal Ions. II. Electron Resonance in the Gas Phase -- 13. Double-resonance Techniques -- 14. Biological Applications of Electron Spin Resonance -- Appendix A. Mathematical Operations -- A-1 Complex Numbers -- A-2 Operator Algebra -- A-2a Properties of Operators -- A-2b Eigenvalues and Eigenfunctions -- A-3 Determinants -- A-4 Vectors: Scalar, Vector, and Outer Products -- A-5 Matrices -- A-5a Addition and Subtraction of Matrices -- A-5b Multiplication of Matrices -- A-5c Special Matrices and Matrix Properties -- A-5d Dirac Notation for Wave Functions and Matrix Elements -- A-5e Diagonalization of Matrices -- A-6 Tensors -- A-7 Perturbation Theory -- A-8 Euler Angles -- Problems -- Appendix B. Quantum Mechanics of Angular Momentum -- B-1 Introduction -- B-2 Angular-momentum Operators -- B-3 The Commutation Relations for the Angular-momentum Operators -- B-6 Angular-momentum Matrices -- B-7 Addition of Angular Momenta -- B-8 Summary -- Problems -- C-1 The Hamiltonian for the Hydrogen Atom -- C-2 The Spin Eigenfunctions and the Energy Matrix for the Hydrogen Atom -- C-3 Exact Solution of the Determinant of the Energy Matrix (Secular Determinant) -- C-4 Selection Rules for High-field Magnetic-dipole Transitions in the Hydrogen Atom -- C-5 The Transition Frequencies in Constant Magnetic Field with a Varying Microwave Frequency -- C-6 The Resonant Magnetic Fields at Constant Microwave Frequency -- C-7 Calculation of the Energy Levels of the Hydrogen Atom by Perturbation Theory -- C-8 Wave Functions and Allowed Transitions for the Hydrogen Atom at Low Magnetic Fields -- Problems -- Appendix D. Experimental Methods; Spectrometer Performance -- D-1 Sensitivity -- D-2 Factors Affecting Sensitivity and Resolution -- D-2a Modulation Amplitude -- D-2b Modulation Frequency -- D-2c Microwave Power Level -- D-2d The Concentration of Paramagnetic Centers -- D-2e Temperature -- D-2g Microwave Frequency -- D-2h Signal Averaging -- D-3 Absolute Intensity Measurements -- Problems -- Table of Symbols -- Name Index.

14 p., tablas, gráficos, mapas -- Post-print del artículo publicado en Alpine Botany. Versión revisada y corregida. ; Molecular cytogenetics and the study of genome size have been used to understand evolutionary and systematic relationships in many species. However, this approach has seldom been applied to alpine plants. A group of dysploid–polyploid high mountain Artemisia species, distributed from the European Sierra Nevada to Central Asian mountains, through the Pyrenees, the Alps and the Caucasus, is a good model to consider changes at the genome and chromosome levels. These small perennial Artemisia, found frequently in isolated populations, present highly disjunct distributions. Some are considered rare or even endangered. Here, we show results for nine species and 31 populations, including genome size (2C-values), fluorochrome banding and fluorescent in situ hybridisation of ribosomal RNA genes (rDNA). Significant intraspecific genome size variation is found in certain populations of A. eriantha and A. umbelliformis, but without taxonomic significance due to the absence of morphological or ecological differentiation. The number and position of GC-rich DNA bands is mostly coincidental with rDNA although there is an expansion of GC-rich heterochromatin in centromeres in some taxa. Ancestral character states have been reconstructed and x = 9 is inferred as the likely ancestral base number, while the dysploid x = 8 has appeared repeatedly during the evolution of Artemisia. On the basis of cytological observations, Robertsonian translocations are proposed for the appearance of dysploidy in the genus. A remarkable presence of x = 8-based species has been detected in the clade including high mountain species, which highlights the important role of dysploidy in the diversification of high mountain Artemisia. Conversely, polyploidy, though present in the alpine species, is more common in the rest of the genus, particularly in arctic species. Hypotheses on the mechanisms underpinning the relative abundance of dysploids and scarcity of polyploids in high mountain Artemisia are discussed. ; This work was supported by the Ministerio de Economía y Competividad from the Government of Spain (CGL2010-22234-C02-01,02/BOS and CGL2013-49097-C2-2-P), the Generalitat de Catalunya, government of Catalonia (''Ajuts a grups de recerca consolidats'', 2009SGR0439 and 2014SGR514) and the IRBIO (Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat). GMdX benefited from an ADR grant from Universitat de Barcelona and SG from a Juan de la Cierva postdoctoral contract of the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad from the Government of Spain. ; Peer reviewed

Immune pressure exerted on HBV by anti‐HBV antibodies and long‐term therapy with drugs that mutagenize the viral polymerase gene can select for mutations in its surface gene, leading to vaccine escape and evasion from serological detection. In general, these mutations are considered to be poorly transmissible. However, cases of HBV infection with vaccine‐escape mutant viruses have been reported in vaccinated individuals, mainly from high‐prevalence regions of the world. The possibility of an infection with HBV despite an effective vaccination may pose a major health issue, requiring a change in routine diagnostic and screening programmes. Here, we report a case of a HBV vaccine escape mutant infection in an effectively vaccinated individual. The patient was a 27‐year old man who has sex with men (MSM) who presented in September 2011 for the first time in a Berlin outpatient HIV clinic due to a newly diagnosed HIV infection. He was aware of several sexual high‐risk contacts within the past, but had a negative HIV and HCV antibody test (ELISA) in April 2011. He complained about slight fever, swollen cervical and axillary lymph nodes and general muscle pain. The Western blot confirmed an HIV infection. The HIV viral load was 24,000 copies/mL, the CD4 count was 550/mm3. His ALT levels were elevated to 10×the upper limit of normal (ULN) and he was additionally found to have acute HCV infection: The HCV viral load was 2 million IU/mL, the HCV genotype was 2c. Furthermore, he was anti‐HBc negative, HBsAG negative, and his anti‐HBs level was 121 IU/L. He reported to have been vaccinated for HBV in the past. Three months later, the patient was routinely retested. At this time point, his HBsAg turned out to be positive and anti‐HBs antibodies had vanished. His HBV viral load was 600 million IU/mL, and ALT had decreased to 2×ULN. Population sequencing revealed a genotype F and a S143L mutation in the surface gene consistent with a vaccine escape mutant HBV. A retrospective analysis of the initial blood sample showed a HBV DNA of 90 IU/mL.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first report of a sexually transmitted HBV virus with vaccine‐escape mutation in a vaccinated individual. Despite a fairly high CD4 count, the transmission may have been promoted by a loss of immunity through an acute HIV infection. Clinicians need to be aware of the possibility of HBV infections with mutant viruses.