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Public session access to diving boards is one of the stepping stones for those wishing to develop their skills in the sport of diving. The extent to which certain dive forms are considered risky (forward/backward/rotations) and therefore not permitted is a matter for local pool managers. In Study 1, 20 public pools with diving facilities responded to a U.K. survey concerning their diving regulation policy and related injury incidence in the previous year. More restrictive regulation of dive forms was not associated with a decrease in injuries (rs[42] = –0.20, p = 0.93). In Study 2, diving risk perception and attitudes towards regulation were compared between experienced club divers (N = 22) and nondivers (N = 22). Risk was perceived to be lower for those with experience, and these people favored less regulation. The findings are interpreted in terms of a risk thermostat model, where for complex physical performance activities such as diving, individuals may exercise caution in proportion to their ability and previous experience of success and failure related to the activity. Though intuitively appealing, restrictive regulation of public pool diving may be ineffective in practice because risk is not simplistically associated with dive forms, and divers are able to respond flexibly to risk by exercising caution where appropriate.

The Delphi technique is a means of facilitating discussion among experts in order to develop consensus, and can be used for policy formulation. This article describes a modified Delphi approach in which 27 multi-disciplinary academics and 22 stakeholders from Ghana and North America were polled about ways to address negative effects of small-scale gold mining (ASGM) in Ghana. In early 2014, the academics, working in disciplinary groups, synthesized 17 response options based on data aggregated during an Integrated Assessment of ASGM in Ghana. The researchers participated in two rounds of Delphi polling in March and April 2014, during which 17 options were condensed into 12. Response options were rated via a 4-point Likert scale in terms of benefit (economic, environmental, and benefit to people) and feasibility (economic, social/cultural, political, and implementation). The six highest-scoring options populated a third Delphi poll, which 22 stakeholders from diverse sectors completed in April 2015. The academics and stakeholders also prioritized the response options using ranking exercises. The technique successfully gauged expert opinion on ASGM, and helped identify potential responses, policies and solutions for the sector. This is timely given that improvement to the ASGM sector is an important component within the UN Minamata Convention.

В период с 22 ноября по 25 января 2014 г. на базе кафедры политологии и права Московского государственного областного университета и Московского областного отделения Российского общества политологов было проведено социологическое исследование отношения учеников школ Москвы и Московской области к США. Результаты опроса показали, что на мнение респондентов оказывает влияние территориальное проживание и статус школы. Другими немаловажными факторами остаются доступность политической информации и политико-менеджерские манипуляции. Авторы пришли к выводу, что сетевые технологии информационно-пропагандистского противостояния с США используются отечественной властью для укрепления легитимности собственного политического режима. ; In the period from November 22 to January 25, 2014 at the Department of Political Science and Law, Moscow State Regional University and the Moscow regional branch of the Russian Society of Political Scientists had conducted a sociological survey of attitudes of school pupils in Moscow and the Moscow region to the United States. The results showed that the opinion of respondents affects the territorial status of residence and school. Other important factors are the availability of political information and political and managerial manipulation. The authors concluded that the network technology advocacy of confrontation with the United States is used to strengthen the power of the national legitimacy of their own political regime.

The Delphi technique is a means of facilitating discussion among experts in order to develop consensus, and can be used for policy formulation. This article describes a modified Delphi approach in which 27 multi-disciplinary academics and 22 stakeholders from Ghana and North America were polled about ways to address negative effects of small-scale gold mining (ASGM) in Ghana. In early 2014, the academics, working in disciplinary groups, synthesized 17 response options based on data aggregated during an Integrated Assessment of ASGM in Ghana. The researchers participated in two rounds of Delphi polling in March and April 2014, during which 17 options were condensed into 12. Response options were rated via a 4-point Likert scale in terms of benefit (economic, environmental, and benefit to people) and feasibility (economic, social/cultural, political, and implementation). The six highest-scoring options populated a third Delphi poll, which 22 stakeholders from diverse sectors completed in April 2015. The academics and stakeholders also prioritized the response options using ranking exercises. The technique successfully gauged expert opinion on ASGM, and helped identify potential responses, policies and solutions for the sector. This is timely given that improvement to the ASGM sector is an important component within the UN Minamata Convention.

Objectives: We sought to measure the financial burden on the Turkish government from early tooth loss and tooth impaction requiring prosthetics in 6-22-year-olds.Material and Methods: We evaluated 28784 teeth from 1028 patients (379 males and 649 females) between the ages of 6 and 22 and assessed the indications for prosthodontic treatment. As the study age range is not reliable for the presence of third molars, third molars were ignored. We divided the patients into pediatric and young adult groups. the homogeneity of data was evaluated with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Differences between the genders and groups were evaluated with Pearson's Chi-squared test and the Mann-Whitney U-test.Results: Missing permanent teeth predominated in the young adult group (1.61) %, while impacted permanent teeth predominated in the pediatric group (0.81 %). Applying these rates to the population as a whole, 1.8 million pediatric and 6.2 million young adult cases of missing teeth may be extant in Turkey.Conclusions: Making dental hygiene information available to all socioeconomic groups would require an initial outlay of expenses, but savings would be realized both from preventing lost work and school time and from avoiding t he need for prosthetic work in millions of Turkish citizens.

El propósito de este artículo es analizar el estado de la cuestión de la financiación de las Comunidades autónomas en España, y en particular, el sistema asimétrico de financiación de los entes subcentrales. La reciente jurisprudencia del Tribunal de Justicia de las Comunidades Europeas, junto a la Sentencia del Tribunal Superior de Justicia del País Vasco de 22 de diciembre de 2008, plantea nuevas cuestiones y retos para los regímenes forales en España. ; The purpose of this article is to analyse the present arrangements for financing devolved government in Spain and, specifically, to explain why there is such great asymmetry between the tax powers of the historic or foral autonomous communities. The recent case law of the European Court of Justice, together with the 22 december 2008 resolution of the Tribunal Superior de Justicia del País Vasco, following the «Azores case» poses new questions and challenges for the foral regimes in Spain. ; Este trabajo se enmarca en el Proyecto de investigación titulado «La Armonización de la imposición sobre Sociedades. Especial Atención a los fenómenos de armonización jurisprudencial y contable (NIC/NIIF)», financiado por el Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología (número de referencia SEJ2006-01159/JURI).

В конце 2013 г. Российская ассоциация политической науки провела в Москве Всероссийскую научную конференцию (с международным участием) «Власть, бизнес, гражданское общество в условиях модернизации России: институты, стратегии и практики политического взаимодействия», которая вызвала большой интерес среди 500 участников (членов РАПН и гостей). К конференции был приурочен сборник со 198 тезисами. На 3 пленарных заседаниях было заслушано 10 докладов. Состоялась презентация 5 новых книг, написанных исследовательскими комитетами РАПН или при их участии. Около 150 человек выступили на 9 секциях во время работы 22 сессий. Эта статья содержит квинтэссенцию основных выступлений.Russian Political Science Association at the end of the 2013 organized the Russian scientific conference (with international participation) «Government, business, civil society in Russia's modernization: institutions, strategies and practice of political cooperation», which was held in Moscow and was of interest for more than 500 persons (RAPS members and guests). The day before 198 theses were published. 10 persons made reports on the 3 plenary sessions. Five new books, which were issued under RAPS or with participation of RAPS exploratory committees, were presented. During the conference about 150 persons took part in 9 sections and 22 sessions. This article contains the quintessence of the main speeches.

БНХАУ-ы н дарга Си Зиньпин 2013 оны 3-р сарын 22-24-ний өдрүүдэд ОХУ-д ажлын айлчлал хийсэн нь дэлхийн олон нийтийн анхаарлыг ихэд татлаа. Өмнөд хөршийн төрийн тэргүүн хилийн чанадад хийх анхны айлчлалаа ОХУ-аас эхэлсэн нь Хятадын шинэ удирдагчид дэлхийн улс төр, эдийн засагт эзлэх байр суурь нөлөөгөө бэхжүүлэх үүднээс орос-хятадын стратегийн түншлэлээ улам зузаатган бэхжүүлэх гадаад бодлогын чиг шугамыг хэвээр хэрэгжүүлж байгаагаа нотлон харууллаа. Айлчлалын үеэр хоёр улсын хамтын ажиллагааны бүхий л чиглэлийг хамарсан 35 багц баримт бичигт гарын үсэг зурсан нь үүний илрэл юм.

China's President Xi Jinping's visit Russia and new stage of Russia-China strategic partnership relations
Chinese President Xi Jinping visited Russia on a working visit. The talks which attracted worldwide attraction were held in Moscow from 22 to 24 March 2013. During the talks, Russia and China signed 35 agreements on cooperation. The two leaders discussed trade and economic cooperation in the fields of the high-tech, environmental protection, culture and tourism. During the visit, the two leaders signed a joint statement between China and Russia on mutual cooperation and deepening the relations of a comprehensive strategic partnership of cooperation.

The rotation maize and dry bean provides the main food supply of smallholder farmers in Honduras. Crop model assessment of climate change impacts (2070-2099 compared to a 1961-1990 baseline) on a maize-dry ben rotation for several sites across a range of climatic zones and elevations in Honduras. Low productivity systems, together with an uncertain future climate, pose a high level of risk for food security. The cropping systems simulation dynamic model CropSyst was calibrated and validated upon field trail site at Zamorano, then run with baseline and future climate scenarios based upon general circulation models (GCM) and the ClimGen synthetic daily weather generator. Results indicate large uncertainty in crop production from various GCM simulations and future emissions scenarios, but generally reduced yields at low elevations by 0% to 22% in suitable areas for crop production and increased yield at the cooler, on the hillsides, where farming needs to reduce soil erosion with conservation techniques. Further studies are needed to investigate strategies to reduce impacts and to explore adaptation tactics.CITE AS:Diaz-Ambrona, C., Gigena, R., Mendoza, C. (2013). Climate change impacts on maize and dry bean yields of smallholder farmers in Honduras. Iberoamerican Journal of Development Studies, 2 (1): 4-22

La mayor incidencia de las manifestaciones criminales cometidas directamente contra los sistemas informáticos o que se sirven de ellos para atentar contra los más variados bienes jurídicos, deben tener una adecuada protección penal. Si bien la última redacción ofrecida por la Ley Orgánica 5/2010, de 22 de junio, supuso un avance al objeto de tipificar conductas relacionadas con este tipo de delitos, nuestro Código Penal sigue sin ofrecer una penalización clara y directa. En este trabajo, se propone la inclusión de un nuevo tipo penal sobre la suplantación de identidad, real o ficticia, en internet. ; The increased number of criminal acts committed directly in relation to information systems or that use such systems to commit an offence against a wide range of legal rights and assets must be adequately punished by criminal legislation. Although the recent wording of Constitutional Act 5/2010, dated 22 June, represents a step forward in defining the conduct related to this type of offence, our Criminal Code still fails to provide for clear and direct punishment. This paper proposes the definition of a new type of criminal offence for phishing on the Internet. ; Ciencias Jurídicas

En esta Crónica se analiza la actividad de la Asamblea Regional en 2011, el quinto año de su VII Legislatura y el primero de su VIII Legislatura. Destaca la celebración, el 22 de mayo de 2011, de las elecciones a la Asamblea y la posterior investidura, por quinta ocasión consecutiva, de don Ramón Luis Valcárcel Siso como Presidente de la Comunidad Autónoma, así como la aprobación de la Ley 5/2011, de 26 de diciembre, de medidas fiscales extraordinarias para el municipio de Lorca como consecuencia del terremoto de 11 de mayo de 2011. ; In this Chronicle we revise the activity of the territorial Parliament of Murcia during the year 2011, the fourth year of its VII term of office and the first of its VIII term of office Legislature. We remark that regional parliamentary elections were held on 22 May 2011 and the subsequent investiture, for the fifth consecutive occasion, of Ramón Luis Valcárcel Siso as the new President of the Autonomous Community. Likewise we emphasize the adoption of the Act 5/2011, 26th December, of extraordinary financial measures for Lorca Township as a consequence of the earthquake that happened on 11 May 2011

Verzeichnis der Tabellen und Abbildungen 10 Vorwort 11 Einleitung 12 Forschungsstand 14 Anmerkungen zu Vorgehen und Methode 17 Zentrale Begriffe und theoretische Perspektiven 22 Diskurs 22 Gender Regime, Gender Order, Gendering 24 Ehe und Familie 25 Disziplinierung und Gouvernementalität 29 I Gendering im Beistandschaftswesen – Beobachtungen im Jugendamt 33 1\. Die Institution Beistandschaft innerhalb der Strukturen Berliner Bezirksämter 34 1.1. Aufbau des Berliner Verwaltungsapparates 34 1.2. Organisation eines Jugendamtes 35 1.2.1. Zweigliedrigkeit – Verwaltung und Jugendhilfeausschuss 35 1.2.2. Aufgaben und Aufbau der Jugendämter 40 1.3. Beistandschaft als Dienstleistung des Jugendamtes 42 1.3.1. Allgemeine Dienstleistungsorientierung in der Jugendhilfe 42 1.3.2. Dienstleistungen der Beistandschaft: Vaterschaftsfeststellung und Unterhaltssicherung 46 Exkurs: gerichtliche Vaterschaftsfeststellung auf Bestreben des Mannes, der sich für den Vater hält 48 1.3.3. Dienstleistung im Alltag der Beistandschaftsführung 54 2\. Beistandschaft als Agentur eines familienrechtlichen Gender Regimes 59 2.1. Konstruierte Schutzbedürftigkeit von ledigen Müttern 59 2.2. Beratung und Unterstützung alleinerziehender Eltern – nur faktisch, nicht prinzipiell für Mütter? 61 2.3. Unterhaltssicherung – kein Mittel gegen relative Armut 62 2.4. Reproduktion arbeitsteiliger Elterlichkeit nach Geschlecht 71 3\. Beistandschaft als autodidaktisch erworbenes Expertenwissen und das "Deutsche Institut für Jugendhilfe und Familienrecht" 75 Überleitung 77 II Geburt der Berufsvormundschaft (1850-1918) 79 1\. Disziplinierung zu Vater und Mutter – Bürokratisierung der Fürsorge für uneheliche Kinder Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts 80 1.1. Berufsvormundschaft als Disziplin 80 1.2. Miserables Pflegekinderwesen als Reformanlass im Vormundschaftswesen 82 1.2.1. Pflegekinderwesen und Klassenfrage 82 1.2.2. Bild der Pflegemutter: die "Engelmacherin" 83 1.2.3. Pflegeerlaubnis, Arbeitsanstalt, Überwachung: Regulierungsversuche zur Eindämmung der ...

Проведен анализ клинической эффективности сочетания методов физиотерапии с функциональным биоуправлением в комплексной восстановительной коррекции психовегетативных расстройств у военнослужащих в возрасте от 22 до 55 лет. Контроль курсовой эффективности аппаратного биоуправления осуществлялся по динамике клинических симптомов, данных нейрофункциональной диагностики по методике вегетативного резонансного теста, кардиоинтервалографических и электрокардиографических показателей и опросников, характеризующих состояние психоэмоциональной сферы (САН, тест Спилбергера-Ханина). Изучались механизмы вегетативной регуляции, функциональные резервы организма по показателям нейрофункциональной диагностики и оценки вариабельности ритма сердца. Результаты реабилитации больных с применением биологической обратной связи подтвердили ее эффективность. ; There was a clinical efficiency analysis with combination of physiotherapy methods and apparatus biofeedback in a complex approach of recover correction of psycho-vegetative frustration among military people at the age from 22 to 55. Control of apparatus biofeedback course efficiency followed on dynamic of clinical symptoms, reflex diagnostics data according to the methodic of vegetative resonant testing, cardiointervalographic and electrocardiogram indexes and questionaries characterizing condition of psycho emotional sphere ( SAN, test of Spilberg -Khanin). Mechanisms of vegetative regulation, functional reserves of an organism according to reflex diagnostics data according to the methodic of vegetative resonant testing and variability of a rhythm of heart were studied. Rehabilitation results of the patients who got BOS therapy proved its efficiency.

The name Chamaeiris Medik. is revived for taxa belonging to Iris subg. Xyridion (Tausch) Spach, subg. Gramniris Spach and subg. Spathula Spach. It has priority over Xyridion (Tausch) Fourr., a genus name that has been recently reinstated in a sense that matches Medikus's original concept of Chamaeiris. A new arrangement is presented for this genus, which comprises 22 species, 3 subspecies and 2 varieties, in two sections and three series. 28 new combinations are stated, and the main synonymy is also included for all accepted taxa. ; Se recupera el género Chamaeiris Medik. para los táxones pertenecientes a Iris subg. Xyridion (Tausch) Spach, subg. Gramniris Spach y subg. Spathula Spach. Dicho nombre genérico es prioritario frente a Xyridion (Tausch) Fourr., que ha sido utilizado recientemente en un sentido que coincide plenamente con la circunscripción que inicialmente dio Medikus a Chamaeiris. Se presenta una nueva ordenación taxonómica para el género, con 22 especies, 3 subespecies y 2 variedades, en dos secciones y tres series. Se realizan 28 combinaciones nuevas y para todos los táxones aceptados se presentan sus principales sinónimos. ; This research was partly supported by Flora iberica project, parts VIII & IX (CGL2008-02982-C03), from Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Spanish Government).

Abkürzungsverzeichnis . 7 Abbildungsverzeichnis . 7 1 Einleitung . 8 1.1 Migranten in Westeuropa. 8 1.2 Problem- und Fragestellung . 9 1.3 Relevanz der Untersuchung . 10 1.4 Methodologisches Vorgehen . 11 1.5 Aufbau der Arbeit. 12 2 Der Forschungsgegenstand. 12 2.1 Politphilosophischer Rahmen. 13 2.1.1 Gleichheit, Demokratie und Repräsentation. 13 2.1.2 Repräsentative Demokratie und Inklusion. 16 2.1.3 Zuwanderung und repräsentative Demokratie. 20 2.2 Die Abhängige Variable: Politischer Repräsentationsgrad von Migranten 22 2.2.1 Konzeption der Abhängigen Variable . 22 2.2.2 Operationalisierung der Abhängigen Variable . 25 3 Forschungsstand zur Erklärung des Grads politischer Repräsentation 29 3.1 Politikwissenschaftliche Ansätze: Opportunitätsstruktur-Modelle. 29 3.2 Soziologische Ansätze: Exklusion, Staatsbürgerschaft und Migration. 32 3.2.1 Die politische Debatte um Einbürgerung und Wahlrecht . 35 4 Eigener Erklärungsansatz . 38 4.1 Ableitung des eigenen Erklärungsmodells aus dem Forschungsstand . 38 4.2 Die Unabhängigen Variablen und Hypothesen. 40 4.2.1 Konzeption der UV1: Einbürgerungsregime. 40 4.2.2 Konzeption der UV2: Kommunales Wahlrecht für Ausländer . 44 4.2.3 Konzeption der UV3: Wahlsysteme . 46 4.3 Zusammenfassung der Hypothesen und ihres Verhältnisses. 51 4.4 Methodisches Vorgehen. 53 4.4.1 Komparatives Vorgehen. 53 4.4.2 Fallauswahl. 54 5 Empirische Untersuchung in den Fallstädten . 56 5.1 Politischer Repräsentationsgrad der Zuwanderer (AV) . 56 5.2 Einbürgerungsregime (UV1) . 60 5.3 Kommunales Wahlrecht für Ausländer (UV2) . 65 5.4 Wahlsysteme zu den lokalen Parlamenten (UV3) . 68 6 Analyse der Empirischen Untersuchung . 73 6.1 Überprüfung der Hypothesen. 73 6.2 Untersuchung des Wirkungsverhältnisses der Hypothesen . 75 7 Fazit und Ausblick . 78 Literaturverzeichnis . 82