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The commented ruling of the High Social Court analyzes the legal-labour pro­blems derived from the sale of companies in a situation of insolvency. The central premise is that the Spanish legislator has opted for the application of guarantees of transfer of undertaking in cases of business insolvency. On that basis, the extension of the effects of the decision issued by the comercial judge is rejected and joint and several liability derived from contracts that have already been terminated is applied. The study is carried out through the existing legal provision of the text of the Bankruptcy Law 22/2003, of 9 July. ; La sentencia del Tribunal Supremo comentada analiza la problemática jurídico-laboral derivada de las operaciones de venta de empresas en situación de concur­so. La premisa central es que el legislador español ha optado por la aplicación de las garantías de la sucesión de empresa en supuestos de insolvencia empresarial. A partir de ello, se rechaza la extensión de los efectos de la resolución que dicta el juez mercantil y se aplica la responsabilidad solidaria derivada de contratos ya extinguidos. El análisis se realiza a través de las disposiciones legales de la Ley Concursal 22/2003, de 9 de julio.

Evidence shows that corporate political activities, such as lobbying, can influence and change the political environment and its policymaking. However, does the existing political environment conversely also impact the level of corporate political activities? In this paper, I examine the impact of the U.S. presidents' political party affiliation on the intensity of corporate lobbying expenditures using 1001 S&P500 firms over a 22-year period. I find that a Republican U.S. presidency has a positive effect on corporate lobbying expenditures. This effect is further enhanced by corporate ideological alignment and a Republican majority in Congress. ; As provas mostram que as actividades políticas das empresas, tais como o lobbying, podem influenciar e mudar o ambiente político e a sua formulação de políticas. No entanto, será que o ambiente político existente também tem, inversamente, impacto ao nível das actividades políticas empresariais? Neste documento, examino o impacto da filiação dos presidentes dos partidos políticos dos EUA na intensidade das despesas de lobbying corporativo utilizando 1001 empresas S&P500 ao longo de um período de 22 anos. Considero que uma presidência republicana dos EUA tem um efeito positivo nas despesas de lobbying corporativo. Este efeito é ainda reforçado pelo alinhamento ideológico das empresas e por uma maioria republicana no Congresso.

[EN] This study examines the relationship between structural and psychological empowerment and its effects on employees' psychological, physical, and social well-being. Despite the quantity of previously published works, empirical evidence about these relationships in the workplace is scarce. We developed a mediation model in which structural empowerment predicts employee well-being via psychological empowerment. We based our study on the EU-27 data from the 6th European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS). Data were collected from a questionnaire administered face-to-face to a random sample of employees and the self-employed representative of the working population in the European Union (number of valid responses in this study: 23,468). The effects of the relationships among the variables considered were evaluated using Partial Least Squares (PLS). Results indicate that structural empowerment was positively related to psychological empowerment, which was positively related to job satisfaction, work engagement, and social well-being. The expected relationships for work stress and physical well-being were not found. ; Marin-Garcia, JA.; Bonavia, T. (2021). Empowerment and Employee Well-Being: A Mediation Analysis Study. International Journal of Environmental research and Public Health (Online). 18(11):1-22. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115822 ; S ; 1 ; 22 ; 18 ; 11

Mittlerweile liegt eine Reihe von Studien vor, die Lernruckstande von Schuler*innen infolge der "Corona-Schuljahre" untersucht haben. Uber das wahre Ausmaß und die Multidimensionalität der Rückstande wissen wir allerdings zu wenig, um mit einer guten empirischen Basis ins Schuljahr 2021/22 zu gehen. Die vorliegenden Studien beziehen sich ausschließlich auf den ersten Lockdown im Frühjahr 2020. Selbst mit einer besseren empirischen Basis wäre das Ausmaß der Lernruckstande immer noch eine relativ abstrakte Größe. Wie auf die Lernruckstande reagiert wird, ist schlussendlich eine bildungspolitische Frage. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird auf die zentralen bildungspolitischen Fragen eingegangen, die sich aus etwaigen Lernruckstanden in Folge der "Corona-Schuljahre" ergeben. Dabei werden auch die aktuellen Handlungsoptionen diskutiert, diese Lernlücken zu schließen. ; By now, a number of studies are available that have examined students' learning gaps as a result of the "Corona school years". However, we know too little about the true extent and multidimensionality of these gaps to enter the 2021/22 school year with a sound empirical basis. The existing studies focus exclusively on the first lockdown in spring 2020, and even with a better empirical basis, the extent of learning gaps would still be a relatively abstract measure. How to respond to these gaps is ultimately an educational policy question. In this paper, I will address the key education policy issues that arise from learning gaps as a result of the "Corona school years". In doing so, I will also discuss the current options for action to close these gaps.

RESUMEN El tema de los embarazos adolescentes se ha convertido en un problema de salud pública y está a la orden del día en la política nacional e internacional. Teniendo de trasfondo teórico dos imágenes diferentes del embarazo adolescente, y los conceptos de autonomía y responsabilidad. Se indagó acerca de la atribución a la responsabilidad sobre los embarazos adolescentes, en una población de 22 alumnos de un colegio de Barranquilla, Colombia. Las entrevistas permitieron inferir que la mayoría de los jóvenes transfieren la responsabilidad a los padres y maestros, cuestión que pone en entredicho el tipo de educación que se recibe. ABSTRACT The issue of teenage pregnancies has become a public health problem and is the order of the day in national and international politics. With a theoretical background of two different images of the adolescent pregnancy, and the concepts of autonomy and responsibility, a research was done about the attribution of responsibility for teenage pregnancies in a population of 22 students from a school in Barranquilla, Colombia. The interviews allowed inferring that the majority of young people transfer responsibility to parents and teachers, an issue that calls into question the type of education received by those youngsters.

Abstract
This study attempts to identify whether the oil price fall to a "new normal" in mid-September 2014 has had an impact on banks' performance in the UAE, such as Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE) in addition to credit and deposit growth. The sample is for a sample of 22 national banks in the country over a period of 15 quarters. The oil price fall has had a negative impact on all four banking indicators. In addition, the analysis evaluates the difference in ROA, ROE and credit and deposit growth by bank type, conventional vs. Islamic banks, across the sample of 22 banks. The results indicate that Islamic banks have a higher lending and deposit growth rates, however conventional banks tend to have better indicators of performance. Further, the oil price fall has impacted banks' performance adversely, and the growth of assets and liabilities as a result of the slowdown in economic activity, fiscal consolidation, and decreasing levels of employment and corporate profitability. Further, Islamic banks, judged by lending and deposit growth, have managed to tailor their products to cater to a growing demand. However growth objectives appear to have reduced the margins of return in Islamic banks, compared to conventional banks.

Objetivo: analisar a percepção dos ACSs sobre as demandas fonoaudiológicas existentes na Atenção Básica no município de Pirpirituba-PB. Método: O projeto de pesquisa foi submetido e aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da instituição, com o parecer nº 2.194.691. Esta é uma pesquisa do tipo transversal com abordagem quantitativa, realizada nas Unidades de Saúde da Família do município pesquisado. Foram analisadas as demandas fonoaudiológicas existentes na Atenção Básica. Foi aplicado um questionário sobre queixas e ações fonoaudiológicas, com 22 Agentes Comunitários De Saúde (ACSs). Resultados: De maneira geral, o estudo mostrou que as maiores queixas de demanda fonoaudiológica do município estão inseridas na área de linguagem: dificuldade para falar (72,7%; n=16), síndromes (63,6%; n = 14), atraso de linguagem (59,1%; n = 13), dificuldade de atenção/concentração (59,1%;n=13) e que há informações disponíveis sobre esse atendimento nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS). Todos concordaram (100%; n=22) que há necessidade de maiores esclarecimentos sobre Fonoaudiologia, direcionados aos profissionais atuantes nas UBS's. Conclusões: São necessários maiores esclarecimentos sobre a fonoaudiologia para estes profissionais e a contratação de mais um profissional fonoaudiólogo para o município em questão.

Le mouvement populaire (Hirak) déclenché en Algérie le 22 février 2019 a brisé le mur de la peur disent les observateurs. Il a libéré l'expression auprès de plusieurs corporations professionnelles. Celle des journalistes de la presse publique en est une. La politique gouvernementale de l'Algérie d'avant 1990 avait empêché les journalistes d'assurer leur fonction critique vis-à-vis des actions menées par les autorités publiques. Autocensure, peur des représailles, couverture des événements de routine comme guillotine de la créativité journalistique et interférence des responsables dans le façonnage de l'information diffusée, ce sont là les quelques mécanismes mis en œuvre au sein de la sphère interne de la Radio algérienne qui limitent la liberté d'expression des journalistes. Cette privation a été l'un des facteurs qui ont empêché la formation d'une conscience sociopolitique et d'une dynamique sociale à même d'accompagner le développement du pays. Nous y voyons, en partie, les raisons des sit-in tenus par les journalistes de la Radio après le déclenchement du « Hirak » du 22 février 2019 pour la levée de l'omerta imposée sur le traitement médiatique de l'actualité. L'enquête de terrain menée auprès d'eux contribue à éclairer le problème des entraves à la liberté d'expression des journalistes au sein de la Radio algérienne .

This research aimed at (1) evaluating the achievement of character education programs at the primary school level; (2) provide recommendations to both teachers, schools, and the government to improve character education programs. The method used is program evaluation (formative evaluation) with a qualitative approach. Research subjects at SDN 22 Rimau Island Data were analyzed using Milles & Huberman data analysis including; data reduction, data presentation, and data verification. The conclusion of this study is; (1) readiness of primary schools in SDN 22 Pulau Rimau to implement character education, both assessed from curricula that have integrated character education, but are still lacking in the management of supporting infrastructure; (2) the implementation of character education has not been seen in learning activities; (3) support from the government to socialize or provide training is felt to be lacking by schools; (4) monitoring and evaluation of character education is still limited to the curriculum and carried out through supervision of supervisors in each school; and (5) constraints faced by schools are the assessment of undocumented student attitudes, teachers lack understanding to implement character education, and the absence of synergy between education in schools and education at home.

Tras décadas de inmovilismo político, Argelia conoce desde el 22 de febrero de 2019 profundas transformaciones que cuestionan muchas de las ideas preconcebidas sobre la sociedad argelina. Las manifestaciones masivas, pacíficas y prolongadas de la población argelina contra el sistema político son inéditas y reveladoras de los profundos cambios que en el curso de las dos últimas décadas han transformado tanto la sociedad como el sistema de gobernanza de Argelia. El artículo aporta una reflexión sobre los factores económicos, sociales y políticos que explican la crisis política e institucional y sobre el papel del ejército en este proceso. ; Après des décennies d'immobilisme politique, l'Algérie connaît depuis le 22 février 2019 des bouleversements profonds qui remettent en question bon nombre d'idées reçues sur la société algérienne. Les manifestations massives, pacifiques et prolongées de la population algérienne contre le système politique sont inédites et sont révélatrices des changements profonds qui au cours des dernières décennies ont transformé aussi bien la société que le système de gouvernance de l'Algérie. L'article revient sur les facteurs économiques sociaux et politiques qui expliquent la crise politique et institutionnelle actuelle ainsi que le rôle de l'armée dans ce processus.

Nowadays, using GPS as a navigator from smartphone is increasing, but it turns out there is a legal issue. This is related to the concept of driving with full concentration in Article 106 paragraph (1) of Law Number 22 Year 2009. In the explanation of Article 106 paragraph (1), there is an ambiguity in the interpretation between being able to use GPS, as long as it does not cause a concentration disturbance in driving or it is prohibited from using a cellphone at all, which means, using GPS via a smartphone is not allowed. This research is a study using normative law, with primary legal materials is legislation related to the use of GPS through smartphones during driving, such as, Law Number 22 Year 2009 concerning Road Traffic and Transportation and Constitutional Court Decision No. 23 / PUU-XVI / 2018, while materials Secondary law consists of books, journals, and other sources that are relevant. Based on the results of this study, it was found that the Constitutional Court provided an interpretation, that using GPS via a smartphone during driving was permitted, but it should not cause a concentration disturbance while driving and the application of such sanctions was casuistic. Keywords: GPS, smartphone, driving with full concentration

Science denial has become a central political phenomenon in the first year of Donald Trump's presidency. Since the beginning of 2017, many scientists in the US have reacted by calling for a public defence of truth and have recurrently pointed out the danger of Trump's anti-science positions. The early high point of these protests was the March for Science organised on 22 April 2017. The interpretative analysis of this protest and the public debate surrounding its organization in the American media reveals a binary opposition between a supposedly fact-oriented 'elite' and an emotional, ignorant 'people'. The paper interprets this binary opposition as an instance of a more fundamental socio-political polarization. At the same time, such a contextualization makes it possible to discuss the role of interpretative approaches for understanding the current discourse on postfactual times. Wissenschaftsverweigerung ist zu einem zentralen politischen Phänomen der Präsidentschaft von Donald Trump geworden. In Reaktion darauf haben sich bereits Anfang 2017 Wissenschaftler in den USA zusammengeschlossen, um die Wahrheit öffentlich zu verteidigen und auf die Gefahren von Trumps anti-wissenschaftlichem Kurs hinzuweisen. Der Höhepunkt dieser Proteste war der am 22. April 2017 organisierte March for Science, der im vorliegenden Beitrag einer interpretativen Analyse unterzogen wird. Dabei offenbart sich eine Trennung zwischen einer vermeintlich faktizitätsorientierten "Elite" und einem emotionalen, unwissenden "Volk", die sich als spezifischer Ausdruck einer grundlegenden gesellschaftspolitischen Polarisierung deuten lässt. Diese Verortung ermöglicht es gleichzeitig, den Wert eines interpretativen Zugangs zum gegenwärtigen Diskurs um Postfaktizität aufzuzeigen.

AbstractThis study aims to determine violations committed by business actors in the tender for procurement of medical devices carried out by Abdoel Wahab Sjahranie Hospital Samarinda and the Commission Council consideration in Case Decision Number: 24 / KPPU-I / 2016. There are allegations of unfair business competition practices by several business actors in participating in the tender. Alleged violations of Article 22 of Law Number 5 of 1999 Concerning Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition, because in participating in the tender package several business actors formed teams on each package with the aim of fulfilling the requirements stipulated in Presidential Regulation Number 54 of 2010 concerning Government Goods / Services Procurement as per the new rules of Presidential Regulation Number 16 of 2018. This research uses qualitative research and normative research approaches using statutory legal materials, books or research-related literature, articles in legal-related research journals, and article on the internet. The results of the study showed that business actors were indicated to commit acts that prevented other business actors from competing fraudulently by creating artificial competition when participating in tender activities in violation of Article 22 of Law Number 5 Year 1999.Keywords: Conspiracy, Tender, Procurement, Affiliation, KPPU

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Bu çalışmada, yükselen piyasa ekonomisi ülkelerinin 2013 yılı ihracat performansı bulanık AHP ve TOPSIS yöntemleri ile ölçülmüş ve analize dâhil olan 22 ülke performanslarına göre sıralanmıştır. AHP yöntemi ile uzman görüşleri alınarak yapılan değerlendirme sonucunda belirlenen ağırlıklara göre, en önemli gösterge olarak yüksek teknoloji ürünlerinin ihracatı (HTECH) ön plana çıkmıştır. TOPSIS yöntemi kullanılarak yapılan analiz sonucunda, HTECH göstergesi en yüksek ülke olan Filipinler belirlenen ağırlıkların da etkisiyle 2013 yılı itibarıyla ihracat performansı en iyi ülke olmuştur. Yine HTECH göstergesi en yüksek 6 ülke aynı zamanda ihracat performansı en iyi 6 ülke olarak sıralanmıştır. 
Çalışmada Türkiye'nin ise 22 ülke arasında 17. sırada yer aldığı gözlemlenmektedir. 7 göstergenin 6'sında ilk 16 ülke arasında yer alan Türkiye'nin sıralamada bu kadar gerilerde kalmasının başlıca sebebi, en önemli gösterge olarak belirlenen HTECH göstergesinde 20. sırada yer almasıdır. Buna göre, Türkiye'nin ihracat performansının artmasında HTECH ürünlerinin ihracattaki payını artırmaya dönük politikalar uygulanması oldukça önemli olacaktır. 

Background: Golden proportion, recurrent esthetic dental proportion and golden percentage are the widely accepted tools to measure perceived mesiodistal width of maxillary anterior teeth. Our study was aimed to identify appropriate tool among the above mentioned proportion to measure perceived mesiodistal width.Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in National Academy of Medical Sciences, Bir Hospital, Nepalese Army Institute of Medical Sciences and Patan Academy of Health Sciences between March 2014 to March 2015.Sixty-three respondents were recruited in the study by the convenient sampling technique. Photographs of the maxillary anterior teeth were taken using digital single reflex camera with macrolens. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 17.0 and paired sample t- test was performed.Results: In our study the golden proportion was 14.28% between central and lateral incisor and 12.69% between canine and lateral incisor. Therefore, golden proportion in our scenario doesn't exist. Recurrent esthetic dental proportion in female Aryans was 71 and 71 on left side and 71and 75 on right side. Golden percentage of respondents was near to values 11, 15, 22, 22, 15, and 12%.Conclusions: Golden percentage is an appropriate anterior tooth proportion which may serve as a guideline for the restoration of anterior tooth. RED proportion is applicable only in Mongoloid female population.