Suchergebnisse

A historical sketch of the class-race-gender construct considers its application & impact in the social sciences & criminology as variously expressed & embodied in current research. Existing social-structural relations of class, race, & gender have been targeted by movements for changing the status quo, whose activism has produced increased consciousness. The class-race-gender construct originated with 1960s black feminism, & was popularized by higher education curriculum-integration projects. After highlighting the construct's use in the 1980s feminist writings of June Jordan, Audre Lorde, & Minnie Bruce Pratt, an engaged approach to the interdependent & multiple relations of class, race, & gender is called for. J. Sadler

Computational Social Science is an interdisciplinary field where social science questions are investigated with modern computational tools. The book provides insight into different social problems and calls for new practices offered by computational social science, discussing methods for efficient management of complex engineering design, cybersecurity and the prediction of malicious threads of information systems. It is also a study of awareness of privacy in social networks, prosodic modelling for speech synthesis, the structure of co-occurrence networks and cloud applications. The authors p

Comment et en quoi les sciences sociales s'internationalisent-elles ? Cet article répond à cette question en comparant la genèse et le développement de huit organisations européennes, relevant de cinq disciplines (sociologie, économie, anthropologie, science politique, psychologie). Il montre que l'internationalisation des sciences sociales renvoie à plusieurs types de concurrence : rivalités entre paradigmes scientifiques, mais aussi compétitions entre établissements universitaires, ou encore rapports de forces géopolitiques. L'internationalisation fonctionne alors comme une ressource mobilisable sur ces différentes scènes, dans le cadre de conflits qui lui préexistent et sont inséparablement intellectuels et institutionnels. L'usage de cette ressource a cependant des conséquences relativement incertaines. L'extension et les pratiques effectives des associations étudiées est parfois en décalage avec leurs objectifs originels ; et l'internationalisation scientifique semble souvent échapper au contrôle des acteurs qui l'ont impulsée.

"Phrenology is of German origin: Vienna was its birthplace, Gall and Spurzheim its progenitors. But it was in France that it acquired its European eclat", stated George Lewes in 1857. But he went on to declare that it was in America and Britain that the pseudo-science had its widest popularity amongst the "general thinking public". The writing of the history of phrenology has also broken along national lines. Its impact on America and Britain in the first half of the nineteenth century has attracted the attention of a generation of young social historians, whereas its progress in France has drawn the interest only of historians of medicine.

From a realist perspective there is a growing body of criminology that can be classified as 'So What?' criminology in that it involves a low level of theorisation, thin, inconsistent or vague concepts and categories, embodies a dubious methodology or has little or no policy relevance. The production of 'So What?' criminology is, of course, no accident but the outcome of a number of lines of force that have served to shape the nature of mainstream academic criminology in recent years. The aim of this article is to identify some of these lines of force and to assess their impact.

This article discusses the value and limitations of game theory's use in the social sciences. The role of game theory is discussed and contrasted with exaggerated expectations of the subject. The importance of a modeling dialogue between theorists and empiricists is reviewed. The basic limitations of game theory are discussed, including the rationality and intelligence assumptions and the problem of multiple equilibria. The appropriate interpretation of randomized equilibria is illustrated.

Restoration ecology, as a scientific discipline, developed from practitioners' efforts to restore degraded land, with interest also coming from applied ecologists attracted by the potential for restoration projects to apply and/or test developing theories on ecosystem development. Since then, forest landscape restoration (FLR) has emerged as a practical approach to forest restoration particularly in developing countries, where an approach which is both large-scale and focuses on meeting human needs is required.Yet despite increased investigation into both the biological and social aspects of FLR, there has so far been little success in systematically integrating these two complementary strands. Bringing experts in landscape studies, natural resource management and forest restoration, together with those experienced in conflict management, environmental economics and urban studies, this book bridges that gap to define the nature and potential of FLR as a truly multidisciplinary approach to a global environmental problem. The book will provide a valuable reference to graduate students and researchers interested in ecological restoration, forest ecology and management, as well as to professionals in environmental restoration, natural resource management, conservation, and environmental policy.

This article introduces a special issue on the contribution of social science to addressing transformations to sustainability. Articles underline the importance of embracing theoretically rooted, empirically informed, and collaboratively generated knowledge to address sustainability challenges and transformative change. Emphasis is placed on the role of the social sciences in elaborating on the politicisation and pluralisation of transformation processes and outcomes, helping situate, frame, reflect and generate societal action, while acknowledging the complexity of societal transformation in different contexts.