International survey of coal preperation technology
In: Technical Memorandum, ORNL/TM-8207
2162443 Ergebnisse
Sortierung:
In: Technical Memorandum, ORNL/TM-8207
World Affairs Online
In: Serie om industriel udvikling nr. 6
In: Politische Ökonomie
In: Geschichte und Kritik
In: [Report] R-1909-1-ARPA
In: The international spectator: a quarterly journal of the Istituto Affari Internazionali, Italy, Band 38, Heft 1, S. 103-116
ISSN: 0393-2729
World Affairs Online
In: Zeitschrift für internationale Beziehungen: ZIB, Band 5, Heft 1, S. 5-41
ISSN: 0946-7165
Under what conditions do states internalize international norms into their domestic practices? How can we account for the observable variance in the implementation of human rights norms? The paper analyzes & emphasizes the role of transnational human rights networks in promoting international norms in selected countries in the South (Kenya, Uganda, Tunisia, Morocco, Indonesia & the Philippines). It argues that the decisive factor in the diffusion & implementation of human rights norms is the capability of these networks to generate pressure from above & below by on the one hand mobilizing Western states, their domestic opinion, & international organizations, & on the other hand establishing links to the domestic opposition in the target country. In order to capture this dynamic the paper presents a "spiral model" of domestic change. This model incorporates systematically activities on the international, national, & societal levels. We call this process of internalizing international human rights standards a "socialization process" & distinguish between three ideal types of modes of action: (1) strategic action (bargaining) & instrumental adaptation; (2) moral consciousness-raising, argumentation, & communicative persuasion; & (3) institutionalization & habitualization. Adapted from the source document.
In: Deutsche Aussenpolitik, Band 22, Heft 1, S. 118-122
ISSN: 0011-9881
Aus Sicht der DDR
World Affairs Online
In: International journal of population data science: (IJPDS), Band 3, Heft 4
ISSN: 2399-4908
IntroductionEvidence on the effect of vasectomy and vasectomy reversal on risk of prostate cancer is conflicting, with the issue of detection bias a key criticism. In this study we examined the effect of vasectomy reversal on prostate cancer risk in a cohort of vasectomised men.
Objectives and ApproachA proof of concept study involving the International Population Data Linkage Network which pooled aggregated result data from participating centres in Australia, Canada and the United Kingdom. De-identified linked data extractions took place at each centre. Each participating centre locally conducted Cox proportional hazards regression analysis compared the risk of prostate cancer in those with/without vasectomy reversal in a cohort of vasectomised men. These results were then combined in a meta-analysis. Evidence of a protective effect of vasectomy reversal would suggest the harmful effect of vasectomy on prostate cancer risk, while nullifying detection bias.
ResultsData were received from Australia (the states of Western Australia and New South Wales), Canada (the province of Ontario), Wales and Scotland. In total, there were 9,754 men with vasectomy reversals, and 684,660 men with a vasectomy.
The combined analysis showed no protective effect of vasectomy reversal on incidence of prostate cancer when compared to those who had vasectomy alone (HR, 95%CI: 0.92, 0.70-1.21). As such, the results align with previous studies which found little or no evidence of a link between vasectomy and prostate cancer.
Conclusion/ImplicationsThe study, originally conceived at the first IPDLN meeting in London, found no obvious protective effect of vasectomy reversal on prostate cancer in vasectomised men. The project demonstrated the utility and feasibility of collaborative studies fostered through the IPDLN, despite methodological challenges faced when aggregating international data.
SSRN
In: AHURI Final Report No. 381
SSRN
In: Asian Development Review 38:1
SSRN