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The article examines the development of citizenship legislation in Great Britain from the 20th century to the present day. The authors analyze the influence of the historical context and political events on the formation of the current system of categories of British citizenship and on changes in the legislation on citizenship. Special attention is paid to understanding the institution of citizenship in the context of contemporary social cultural problems of British society, migration policy and the formation of national identity.

This is the first broad-ranging, comprehensive and comparative study of the concepts of propaganda and neutrality. Bringing together world-leading and early career historians, this open access book explores case studies from the time of the First World War to the end of the Cold War in countries such as Belgium, Greece, Spain, Portugal, Ireland, Switzerland, Vichy France, USA, Argentina, Turkey, Portuguese Macau, Brazil, South Africa, Laos, Yugoslavia, Egypt, India, Malta, and Sweden. The individual chapters analyse the methods and channels of propaganda utilised in neutral countries, including rumours, newspapers, cartoons, films, pamphlets and magazines as well as radio broadcasts, official reports, diplomatic movements, cultural campaigns and soft power. They look to understand how these methods and channels have been deployed and how effective they have been in changing or reinforcing opinions and outcomes. Finally the book highlights the interaction between the concepts of propaganda and neutrality. It considers whether neutrality is a form of propaganda in itself, whether it is possible to be truly neutral in any propaganda battle and how the different forms of neutrality, including projected strict neutrality, non-belligerency and non-alignment, have been utilised by neutrals and belligerents to achieve propaganda goals in the last 120 years. The ebook editions of this book are available open access under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence on bloomsburycollections.com. Open access was funded by Knowledge Unlatched

In the last quarter of 2021, a number of important events that consolidated the previously outlined trends in China's development took place but with new significant nuances. In early November, the 6th plenary session of the 19th CPC Central Committee was held in Beijing, at which, in the official interpretation of the Communist Party of China, the "third historic resolution" was adopted. In fact, it formalized Xi Jinping's monopoly on political power on the eve of the 20th CPC Congress scheduled for autumn 2022, at which Xi is planned to be re-elected as the CPC General Secretary for a third term. In mid-November, an online Summit of Xi and Joe Biden took place, confirming the current course of both sides to develop relations with a "new bipolarity in the context of globalization" emerging around the Sino-American confrontation. In December, the white paper titled "China: Democracy That Works" was published in Beijing. In parallel with the increasing intensity and scale of China's propaganda and diplomatic offensive, it revealed a new detail in Beijing's approaches to bipolar confrontation with the United States – namely, the inclusion of the topic of "democracy" and "value orientations" of world development in the sphere of confrontation. New peculiarities have emerged in the economy. At the December economic meeting of the CPC Central Committee, the views of the Chinese leadership on the country's near economic future were presented to the public much more cautiously than before. In Chinese foreign policy propaganda, the role of China's main partner in the fight against American hegemony, through which Beijing seeks to strengthen the "Chinese pole" of the "new bipolarity", is assigned to Russia. In addition to the growing volumes of economic and military cooperation and political interaction, Beijing counts on Moscow's support in matters significant for active Chinese diplomacy in promoting Chinese ideas of democracy and the "Community of Common Destiny for Mankind" theory as the most important universal reference point in the world ideological and political space.

6 Pags.- 1 Tabl.- 1 Fig. © The Authors 2018. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com ; RSAT (Regulatory Sequence Analysis Tools) is a suite of modular tools for the detection and the analysis of cis-regulatory elements in genome sequences. Its main applications are (i) motif discovery, including from genome-wide datasets like ChIP-seq/ATAC-seq, (ii) motif scanning, (iii) motif analysis (quality assessment, comparisons and clustering), (iv) analysis of regulatory variations, (v) comparative genomics. Six public servers jointly support 10 000 genomes from all kingdoms. Six novel or refactored programs have been added since the 2015 NAR Web Software Issue, including updated programs to analyse regulatory variants (retrieve-variation-seq, variation-scan, convert-variations), along with tools to extract sequences from a list of coordinates (retrieve-seq-bed), to select motifs from motif collections (retrieve-matrix), and to extract orthologs based on Ensembl Compara (get-orthologs-compara). Three use cases illustrate the integration of new and refactored tools to the suite. This Anniversary update gives a 20-year perspective on the software suite. RSAT is well-documented and available through Web sites, SOAP/WSDL (Simple Object Access Protocol/Web Services Description Language) web services, virtual machines and stand-alone programs at http://www.rsat.eu/. ; French Government implemented by RENABI-IFB program [ANR-11-INSB-0013] to N.T.T.N.; ANR [ANR-14-CE11-0006-02] to M.T.C. and D.T.; A.M.-R.'s laboratory is supported by a CONACYT grant [269449]; Programa de Apoyo a Proyectos de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica – Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (PAPIIT-UNAM) grant [IA206517]; M.T.-C., A.M.R and D.T. further acknowledge SEP-CONACYT – ECOS-ANUIES support. J.A.C.M. benefited from a PhD grant from the Ecole Doctorale des Sciences de la Vie et de la Sant´e, Aix-Marseille Université, and is supported by Norwegian Research Council [187615]; Helse Sør-Øst, and University of Oslo through the Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM); B.C.M. was funded by Spanish MINECO [AGL2016-80967-R] and by Aix-Marseille Universit´e as Chercheur Invit´e in 2015; C.D.R.-E.'s laboratory is supported by a Wellcome Trust Seed Award [204562/Z/16/Z]; PAPIIT-UNAM grant [IA200318]; R.O. is supported by a PhD studentship from CONACYT. Funding for open access charge: Agence Nationale de la Recherche. ; Peer reviewed

This dissertation explores the contemporary place of Islam in urban life through a mixed-methods project based in Istanbul, Turkey. In cities around the world, the form and practice of Islam is being reshaped by new kinds of political governance, economic development, and cultural consumption. At the same time, debates about religious authority, social integration, and communal identity often revolve around questions of how people move through, transform, and inhabit the public and private spaces of the city as Muslims. Istanbul is a city in which those questions and debates have particular relevance.On the one hand, Islam is an unmistakable part of the city's landscape. Istanbul's mosques and minarets articulate a Muslim urban identity rooted in the very stones of the city. On the other hand, everyday practices of being Muslim in Istanbul today are also inextricable from a rapidly changing set of political, social, and economic transformations. These two dimensions –an Islam rooted in the city and an Islam woven through local, national, and transnational networks – come together in the Istanbul district of Ey?p, long known as one of Istanbul's most important Muslim shrines. In this dissertation, I argue that Ey?p's built environment functions as the key medium of connection through which both residents and visitors link themselves to the world around them, an act at the heart of making a place for Islam in the city. I show that the form of the built environment and the meanings it carries are not rooted and unchanging but the outcome of debates and contests between unequally positioned individuals and groups.Drawing on both archival and ethnographic methods, I show how, why, and with what consequences Ey?p's built environment has mediated different connections over the course of the 20th century. In Chapter One, I explore three different buildings in Ey?p that connected Islam to the modern in different ways: the construction of a new Halkevi (People's House), the restoration of the Zal Mahmut Paşa Mosque, and the expansion of Ey?p's road network. By placing Ey?p's religious landscape in a particular relationship to the modern city, these projects helped create a new image of urban Islam. Chapter Two turns to the 1990s, a period in which Ey?p's landscape was configured not as modern but as Ottoman. Excavating the cultural politics of the local municipality and the constellation of institutions, laws, and agendas that made Ey?p's redevelopment possible, I argue that making Ey?p Ottoman involved the articulation of new connections between past and present even as other connections between residents and the district's working-class landscapes were erased. Chapter Three focuses on the geography of observance that characterizes Ramadan in Ey?p. Avoiding simple mappings of religious versus secular space, I argue that this geography of Ramadan is best understood in terms of the overlapping connections that link private and public space, internal piety with external observance, and this one district with the world around. In Chapter Four, I examine the normative rules of place that govern how the Mosque of Ey?p Sultan should be used, moved through, and experienced. Rather than be rooted in place, I find that these rules are in fact the product of interconnections between people, places, and narratives. Focusing on three groups typically seen as out of place in the mosque – foreign visitors, tourists, and women – I argue that the greatest tensions are located not in the difference between Muslims and non-Muslims but in the different forms of being Muslim in this mosque.My archival and ethnographic study of the Istanbul district of Ey?p shows how Islam's place in the city is made through contested acts of connection. Although these connections take multiple forms and make use of diverse materials, the built environment functions as the key medium through which people articulate meaningful connections with the world around them. This dissertation brings together scholarship in cultural geography, cultural anthropology, urban studies, and Middle East area studies to provide a rich account of how Islam is lived, experienced, and articulated in relation to the changing city of Istanbul.