Suchergebnisse

On June 4th, 1920, in Trianon, Hungary signed the peace treaty, due to which it lost 2/3 of its lands and 1/3 of its population. This meant the disintegration of the Kingdom of Hungary, whose strong position was sought-after by the Hungarian political elite in 1867-1920. The author of the article analyses the three stages of this project implementation, including the attempts to create a unified Hungarian nation, modernization of Zalitavia and the struggle to maintain the borders after the end of the World War I. The facts known from numerous studies were confronted with the opinions of the most important critics of the ruling elites of that time, journalists of the periodical "Huszadik Század".

The purpose of this article is to present the processes of assimilation of ethnic and linguistic groups (Polish – Warmians and Mazurians, Lithuanian – Lithuanians of Prussia) living in East Prussia in the second half of the 19th century. It should be noted that among the Mazurian, Warmian and Lithuanian populations in East Prussia, at no stage of the development of the above-mentioned groups were there any prerequisites for the formation of their own nation or assimilation into the Polish or Lithuanian nations. After 1870, the ethnic feeling of the non-German population in Prussia became an anachronism dating back to an earlier, pre-national stage of development. The process of assimilation, supported by a number of factors and carried out quite consistently, though not absolutely, towards non-German groups, created a Prussian-German identity among them. They became an example of ethnic groups forming their identity against a linguistic and cultural background.

FROM HAVEL TO PAVEL: CONTINUITY AND CHANGE IN CZECH-TAIWANESE RELATIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF ONTOLOGICAL SECURITY
For two decades after the fall of Communism, the Czech Republic's values-based policy toward Taiwan was decisively shaped by President Václav Havel's political philosophy. In contrast, after 2012, Taiwan began to be gradually marginalised in Czech foreign policy as proponents of closer cooperation with China came to power. However, the end of the next decade brought another turn in CzechTaiwan relations. This article analyses continuity and change in Czech foreign policy through the lens of ontological security theory, pointing out that Taiwan (as well as China) has become an important element of Czech (inter)national identity after 1989.

This analysis aims to evaluate the implementation of the priorities of the French Presidency of the Council of the European Union and the challenges it faced, with particular emphasis on the objectives of the EU's Common Security and Defence Policy. The article describes the French Presidency in a broader European geopolitical context, which affected the final shape of the presidency's goals and their implementation.

The Russian Federation had been conducting large-scale disinformation activities even before the 2022 war in Ukraine began. The Kremlin's message was focused on the development of basic narratives used at the turn of 2013/2014. This basic substructure was updated to match current events. Entitites outside Russia, such as Poland, the EU and NATO are also vulnerable to information attacks. Due to the abundance of diverse information and unlimited availability of sources, recognizing false information is increasingly difficult, which translates into social panic. Unfortunately, protection against false information in Poland remains underdeveloped.

This paper aims to analyze how the Polish media constructed a dispositional enemy image of Russia during the Kerch Strait Incident. Eighty-seven materials from four daily newspapers and two TV news programs were analyzed using the content analysis method with elements of framing analysis and comparative analysis. The results show that the anti-Russian perspective of the coverage was the result of negative stereotypes and prejudices, and Polish journalists demonized Russia's actions by referring to historical events and the negative consequences of the Russo–Ukrainian dispute for Poland, such as the military threat from Russia.