Search results

L'historiographie récente relative aux événements d'octobre 1961 à Paris a présenté le système répressif alors en place comme le résultat de l'importation, par Maurice Papon, des mesures qu'il connut précédemment au Maroc et en Algérie. Cet article a pour objet de nuancer cette thèse, en examinant précisément le processus de décision du couvre-feu, qui avait aussi été décidé une première fois, en 1958. Il apparaît alors que la thèse de l'importation néglige deux aspects : le rôle des revendications policières dans ce processus et la traduction concrète du couvre-feu, sur le terrain. Ainsi, le couvrefeu s'inscrit dans le cadre de la gestion des troupes policières par leur hiérarchie et il renforce le repérage et le fichage des migrants de la région parisienne.

Diverted by the virality of social media and the powerful visibility of contemporary global protest, social movement research started to loose sight of the invisible and silent aspects of mobilization and underlying collective identities. Looking at a Balinese protest movement against land reclamation whose anti-capitalist and performative character remind of recent transnational protest, this article refocuses on collective identity and examines the local adoption of global protest. It analyses the evolving actor landscape and the negotiation processes between different cultures, ecologies, generations, media and networking strategies that prominently shape the Bali movement. The article conceptualizes the movement as an emerging information ecology and tracks its entanglements with local identity, national power politics and global activism through a culture and transmedia approach. It thus analyses the loud and the silent side of the protest and the movement's decision-making strategies that involve human and non-human agency, an aspect that is largely missing in current social movement debates. Going beyond simplified notions of strong leadership or leaderless networks, it tracks the difficult balancing acts between openness and closedness, between an ideally consensual and inclusive movement and the necessity to make strategic decisions in a specific local, national and transnational setting.

Stalin has been object of all kind of vilification and he has been severely criticized in all the aspects of his political career. Most historians consider him as an incarnation of evil similar to Hitler. Nevertheless, a dipassionate analysis of his work shows that shades and lights. Except those who see history with blinders, nobody could deny the enormous, scientific and cultural development experienced by the URSS in the thirty years of quinquenial plans proposed by Stalin. It is also impossible to deny the trascendental role played by the Soviet Union in the defeat of Nazism during the Second World War. Besides these expressions of success, there is also the sombre aspect of the repression of the bolshevist party. This paper tries to focus in some aspects of the Stalinist politics different from what is usually offered by the books of history. It as aimed at the need of reinterpreting the history of Stalin away from the platitudes present in the historiography of the topic. We do not pretend to justify anything, but to show the facts are more complex than what some historians want us to believe.

This book challenges conventional portraits of Ludwig Wittgenstein that narrowly depict him as a philosopher's philosopher. Rather, this study demonstrates Wittgenstein's engagement with social, ethical and cultural questions, including aspects of otherness

The paper analyzes certain important aspects of the procedural position of persons with mental disabilities in the procedures for deprivation of legal capacity. Regardless of the normative framework, both international and national, which largely protects the rights of this sensitive group of people, a significant number of cases before the European Court of Human Rights and decisions in which Contracting States are declared responsible indicate that there is a problem of their procedural position that is principally conditioned by applying (or not applying) the procedural safeguards provided by Article 6 of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, or the right to a fair trial. Although this right is guaranteed for all civil and criminal procedures and for all persons, the special features of persons with mental disabilities also determine the particularities in the application of the right to a fair trial in the court procedures in which these persons are involved. Therefore, we could talk about formulated specific standards that essentially elaborate one of the key concepts of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities - "reasonable adaptation", as well as a direct link to the need for a specific application of the already mentioned Article 6 of the European Convention. The standards that follow from the application of Article 6 are numerous and the analysis of all from the aspect of protecting the rights of persons with mental disabilities is not possible in the paper of this volume, and therefore, special attention was given to the right of these persons to initiate and conduct the procedures for deprivation of legal capacity, personal participation and representation in that procedures.

Introduction : How Do We Understand Suffering? -- Dignity and Suffering : Why Human Rights Matter -- The Powerlessness of Extreme Poverty : Human Rights and Social Justice -- Redefining Health : Challenging Power Relations -- Health Systems as "Core Social Institutions" -- Beyond Charity : The Central Importance of Accountability -- Power and Participation -- Shades of Dignity : Equality and Nondiscrimination -- Our Place in the World : Obligations Beyond Borders -- Conclusion. Another World Is Possible

Discusses the Spanish judge's ideas on rule of law, prosecution as a remedy for state terror, genocide as a "living concept", and role of victims in cases of gross human rights violations. Judge Baltasar sought to prosecute former Chilean dictator General Augusto Pinochet Ugarte for human rights violations, 1998-2000.

Fil: Cardinale Lagomarsino, Bruno. Universidad de San Andrés. Departamento de Economía; Argentina. ; "We exploit the random assignment rule implemented by the government of the municipality of Salto (Argentina) in its program of social housing in order to identify the effect of the program on subsequent domestic violence. Beneficiaries receive a finished house in exchange for a long-term credit at a heavily subsidized rate, and are entitled to legal ownership after full payment. Using administrative records from the population of applicants, we find that subsidized home-ownership programs to low-income households are associated to an increase in reported domestic violence. We explore various potential mechanisms and we conclude that the empirical evidence only favors the mechanism of an increase in transaction costs associated to exiting a relationship." ; Keywords: transaction costs, marriage, domestic violence. ; Rossi, Martín A.

Rucht discusses eight theses on the demands, problems, & challenges that are faced by the movement discussing the effects of globalization. He focuses on national & international campaigning organizations that were active around the summits of international organizations in Seattle, Prague, Gothenburg, & Genoa. The author discusses the prehistory as well as the media reaction. In conclusion, he identifies several aspects that should be fulfilled by the loose groups & networks to form a coherent movement that is able to become a political actor. Adapted from the source document.

Basok rejects the theoretical models traditionally used in development studies for analysing the non-capitalist forms of production in the capitalist economy, arguing that these theoretical models place too much emphasis on external aspects of production. Instead, she proposes that internal aspects such as technology, labour relations, and organization of production need to be examined to allow an understanding of how informal petty commodity producers survive competition with capitalist enterprises.

Cet article rend compte d'une recherche qui s'est déroulée, durant sept années, dans sept pays différents, et sur trois continents, sous l'égide du programme most de l' unesco . Un travail d'aussi longue durée est plutôt rare en sciences sociales et invite à tenter l'exercice d'un bilan en considérant différents éléments qui l'ont caractérisé. En premier lieu, sur les aspects méthodologiques, avec des interrogations sur la pertinence de la problématique à l'origine de la recherche, les apports d'une activité organisée en réseau et faisant appel à la recherche-action, les grandes questions relatives à une comparaison internationale, le recours à une analyse de genre. En second lieu, il convient de s'arrêter, notamment, sur le rôle de cette recherche dans les processus de conscientisation des femmes et des hommes aux problèmes environnementaux, dans des contextes urbains et culturels très différents, et aux rapports inégaux de genre qui les caractérisent, sur l'importance des constructions identitaires, sur les résistances au changement et sur la nécessité de travailler avec les différents niveaux des pouvoirs.

Résumé Le présent article examine diverses questions intéressant la pauvreté des femmes et leur participation au commerce du secteur informel en Afrique orientale et australe. La pauvreté est endémique dans la région où, selon les estimations, plus de la moitié de la population vit avec moins d'un dollar par jour. La situation est encore plus grave dans le cas des femmes et revêt une importance accrue dans cette sous-région où près de la moitié des ménages ont une femme à leur tête. Le dénuement des femmes présente de multiples aspects, qu'il s'agisse du domaine économique, social ou politique. Les femmes sont très actives dans le secteur informel et le commerce transfrontalier. Ces activités sont généralement peu rémunératrices, peu gratifiantes et irrégulières. Il s'agit souvent aussi d'activités ayant pour seul objectif la survie, peu complexes, portant sur la vente de denrées périssables peu coûteuses. Elles se sont aujourd'hui étendues au commerce des ressources biologiques et forestières dans une région qui est ravagée par le vih /sida.

Il est aujourd'hui souhaité que les futurs bénéficiaires des dispositifs publics participent à leur élaboration. Ainsi la loi de juillet 1998 sur la lutte contre les exclusions énonce que son application « n'a de sens que si elle est élaborée avec les plus démunis qui doivent être considérés comme des partenaires à part entière ». Mais a-t-on bien pris conscience des conditions de la participation ? La fracture sociale concerne tous les aspects de la communication des plus démunis avec le reste de la société et notamment les services chargés de les aider. Au cœur des difficultés affectant la « vie commune », la question des savoirs est posée. Comment construire des diagnostics communs des situations susceptibles d'engendrer une action concertée de lutte contre les exclusions ? Deux actions expérimentales initiées par le Mouvement ATD Quart Monde ont exploré ces questions en réunissant avec des représentants des milieux de la pauvreté pour l'une des universitaires et, pour l'autre des intervenants sociaux. Il s'agit dans les deux cas de recherches-action-formation qui associent élaboration commune de savoirs et changements dans les comportements.

"Following extended periods of conflict or repression, political reconciliation is indispensable to the establishment or restoration of democratic relationships and critical to the pursuit of peacemaking globally. In this important new book, Colleen Murphy offers an innovative analysis of the moral problems plaguing political relationships under the strain of civil conflict and repression. Focusing on the unique moral damage that attends the deterioration of political relationships, Murphy identifies the precise kinds of repair and transformation that processes of political reconciliation ought to promote. Building on this analysis, she proposes a normative model of political relationships. A Moral Theory of Political Reconciliation delivers an original account of the failure and restoration of political relationships, which will be of interest to philosophers, social scientists, legal scholars, policy analysts, and all those who are interested in transitional justice, global politics, and democracy"--Provided by publisher

International audience ; This article explores connections between the concepts of atmosphere, Anthropocene and contemporary urbanity. First, contemporary urbanity is specified as Metapolis composed of different assemblies of density and heterogeneity. Second, the aisthetic atmospheres of the European Metapolis are portrayed as intensified in the historical centres and pluralized throughout the Metapolis. Third, the Metapolis is connected to the concept of the Anthropocene identified as the Great Acceleration. Fourth, the atmospheric and the anthropogenic aspects are assembled under the headings of the weather, atmospheric attentiveness to the Anthropocene and atmospheric aspects of Metapolitan climate politics.