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IN 1848, THE UPSTATE NEW YORK VILLAGE OF SENECA FALLS HOSTED A GATHERING OF FEWER THAN THREE HUNDRED PEOPLE WHO DEBATED A DECLARATION OF SENTIMENTS CONCERNING WOMEN'S RIGHTS. THIS ARTICLE CONSIDERS THE SIGNIFICANCE AND LEGACY OF SENECA FALLS. IT ARGUES THAT THE SMALL SPARK FIGURATIVELY IGNITED AT SENECA FALLS NEVER PRODUCED REVOLUTIONS, USURPATION OF POWER OR WARS. YET IT LED TO A TRANSFORMATION OF CONSCIOUSNESS AND A MOVEMENT OF EMPOWERMENT ON BEHALF OF HALF OF THE HUMAN RACE, WHICH HARDLY HAS ITS EQUAL IN HUMAN HISTORY. ALTHOUGH THE MEDIA AND MANY POLITICIANS DECLARE FEMINISM TO BE DEAD, MANY OF ITS GOALS HAVE BEEN ACCOMPLISHED AND ITS MOMENTUM, WORLDWIDE, IS STEADILY RISING.

Donald C. Stone, the founder of the American Public Works Association, died in 1995 at the age of 92. Professor Stone's life was a deliberate mix of public administration theory and public service practice. He is best known for his contributions to the implementation of the Marshall Plan, the organization of the executive office of the President of the United States, and the establishment of action-oriented professional associations serving a global society. This article is a reflection on the life and times of Donald Stone. It is also a call for historians to critically assess the impact of Stone and his colleagues on public works and public administration history, theory, and practice.

This study highlights some factors that have influenced the development of academic law libraries in Nigeria. Inadequacy of local production of legal texts, exorbitant cost of the available texts, and scarcity of foreign exchange, were identified as major constraints. On the other hand, factors which have promoted the development of academic law libraries in Nigeria include the existence and use of published standards for law libraries, accreditation requirement for law faculties, book gifts and loans. Moreover, Nigeria's typical history of political instability and proliferation of states has paradoxically not been a hindrance but a catalyst for the emergence of numerous social and educational institutions including universities and academic law libraries.

The Black Atlantic is a rich, rewarding, and immensely ambitious work. Predicating itself upon the assumption that "the history and expressive culture of the African diaspora, the practice of racial slavery, [and] … the narratives of European imperial conquest… require all simple periodisations of the modern and the postmodern to be drastically rethought" (42), it takes as its project nothing less than the formulation of a new and comprehensive theory of modernity (and of modernist cultural practice). By insisting on the constitutive "internality of blacks to the West" (5), this new theory challenges the nation-centeredness, the Eurocentrism, and the rationalistic logocentrism of the most influential theories of modernity from Hegel onwards.

The collapse first of Communist rule of the USSR and then of the USSR itself was without question one of the pivotal events of the era. Since China's 20th-century history has been so deeply influenced by Soviet developments, it is important to examine the impact of these events on China. This article asks, first, whether the top leaders of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), had a deliberate policy towards the decline of Soviet Communism, and if so, what was the nature of that policy? Did the CCP attempt to assist their comrades in the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) as the latter battled for survival during 1990 and 1991?

A model of multiple forms of contemporary US racism is presented that rejects the conventional black/white dichotomy & addresses general ignorance of widespread prejudices & violence against Latinos. Instead of a hierarchy of competing oppressions, building solidarity among the victimized peoples of color requires a multicultural, balanced approach that recognizes variations in history, impact, extent, & intensity of racism. After discussing the hegemony & historical sources of the US black-white racism paradigm, it is noted that Hispanics have been homogenized into Anglo society because of their lighter skin color (in comparison to African Americans), yet still struggle with a complex ethnic identity that includes elements of nationalism. 8 References. J. Sadler

Rosenau provides an overview of normative issues confronting us at the end of the twentieth century. He writes that the history of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries is the story of convergence around ever more encompassing political entities in order to preserve individual values in the context of collective needs and wants; but today the process of community building has been reversed. He concludes that today, the story is one of fragmentation, of people opting for individual and subgroup needs and wants, and neither citizens nor leaders have any experience in adapting their traditional values to the demands of subgroupism and the increasing ineffectiveness, even the breakup, of whole systems.

Relationships between values/beliefs and welfare recipiency and work attachment are examined using a sample of black and white women. The concept of self-efficacy, i.e. perceived ability to produce and regulate events is used to model paths of influence between values/beliefs and observable behaviors. No racial differences are found in the determinants of current labor force status and previous work history. Race is also found to have no significant impact on the probability of receiving public assistance. The explanatory power of measures of self-efficacy is found to be minimal with respect to receipt of public assistance or the duration of receipt of assistance.

Most policy and normative problems with nuclear weaponry arise in the context of extended deterrence; that is, deterrence of attacks on friends or allies of a nuclear power. This article reviews the history and contradictions of post-World War II Western extended deterrent strategy, considers the sources of differences and similarities in the perspectives of the American and West German Catholic bishops on these matters, presents a logical schema of types of deterrent situations, discusses some systematic historical evidence that suggests the utility of nuclear weapons for many of these situations is often exaggerated, and, after reviewing alternative strategies, suggests a role for a very limited "countercombatant" nuclear strategy.

In 1976, Macmillan of Canada published the first recent book-length study of Canadian-Latin American relations, Gringos from the Far North: Essays in the History of Canadian-Latin American Relations, 1866-1968, by Professor J.C.M. Ogelsby of the University of Western Ontario (1976a). Ogelsby deals with interactions between the residents of Canada and those of the Latin American republics – diplomatic, trade, business and religious relations; he includes subjects such as the emigration of Canadian Mennonites to South America. Ogelsby, who consulted Canadian and Spanish-American archives and travelled to the scenes of many of the events he describes, sets a standard for others in the field.

The erudition of the late W. E. B. DuBois was never more prophetic than in 1903 when he issued his famous dictum that 'The problem of the 20th century is the problem of the color-line – the relation of the darker to the lighter race of men in Asia and Africa, in America and the islands of the sea.' The United States of America, for its remarkable technological achievement and democratic example, despite decades of difficulty in race relations; and the Republic of South Africa, for its unique violation of human rights: each represents in its own special way both the best and the worst in human history, and are fitting testaments to DuBois's clairvoyance.

A preliminary study of the structure of capitalist underdevelop ment in the Atlantic provinces of Canada. Departing from a critique of a Staples Theory that reduces this problem to the spatial distribution of economic factors and a Dependency Theory based on exchange relationships, the author suggests a more rewarding approach based on Marx's theory of capitalist development. Connecting the regional and class conditions of underdevelopment, the author argues that the workings of capitalism has created in Atlantic Canada the condi tions of a reserve army for industries in Central Canada. This position is sup ported with appropriate statistics on the history and structure of capital and labor in the region.

Africa is now the least urbanized of the continents but is becoming more so at one of the fastest rates in the world. The history of urbanization in Africa predates the birth of Christ; it may have developed as early as 3500 B.C. in the flood plain of the lower Nile for control and administration of the Nile Valley by the Pharaohs, though most of the ancient and pre-colonial African urban centers are now insignificant towns and some have become extinct. Between 1500 B.C. and 500 A.D., the Mediterranean coast of North Africa saw the creation of many cities, which flourished because of trade between the Phoenicians and Carthaginians.

AbstractSome indications as to the future of criminological theory may be gained from a study of its past as intellectual history. The changing concept of crime itself, from an act in violation of a broadly conceived moral order to the more legalistic conception of its being limited to offenses against the dictates of the state, indicates a rationalistic trend likely to continue into the future. However, the inclusion of human behavior within the scientific perspective in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries may ultimately result in the fill admission of a scientific assay of human values: and the concern with a more comprehensive definition of crime may be regained.

SPECIALISTS on Chinese communism are in the habit of brushing responsibility for strange or abhorrent phenomena off onto Soviet Russia. This may be largely justified; communism is clearly a foreign import in China, whatever the reasons for its success or the extent of its adaptation. But to an observer whose understanding of communism is based primarily on the study of Soviet Russia, the history of Chinese communism—now a full decade of national rule, following nearly thirty years of evolution—presents a number of peculiarities. Comparison with Russia suggests several lines of interpretation which may shed light on the past and present status of communism in China and the Far East.