Exchange Rate as a Determinant of Foreign Direct Investment: Does It Really Matter? Theoretical Aspects, Literature Review and Applied Proposal
In: Center for Research in Economics and Finance (CIEF), Working Papers, No. 05-09
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In: Center for Research in Economics and Finance (CIEF), Working Papers, No. 05-09
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Theories of federalism supporting the devolution of welfare policy to the states suggest that the removal of national policy controls will allow states to tailor-make welfare policy to fit local needs & preferences. These theories predict that state policy making under devolution will respond mostly to state-specific factors. Alternative theories of federalism suggest that devolution will increasingly expose states to national & interstate pressure, & that state policy making will follow primarily national factors. We use data on AFDC waivers granted to states from 1977 through the end of the program in 1996 to test these competing approaches. National factors tend to be more important than state-specific factors in shaping state welfare innovation, supporting competitive theories of federalism, although welfare innovation, unlike benefit levels, does not seem to be susceptible to the "welfare magnet" phenomenon. 3 Tables, 53 References. Adapted from the source document.
This paper discusses several problems of direct popular decisions. In the first part, we consider problems related to the functioning of direct democracy. As a political system it only makes sense if there exists a continuous process and not if only occasional single questions are brought to a referendum. Then, the relation between direct democracy and the rule of unanimity is discussed, a subject of special relevance to the European Union, before we consider the role of quorums. In the second part, some areas are considered in which conflicts might arise. Results of initiatives might be incompatible with individual human rights or might endanger fiscal sustainability, and referenda might impede economic reforms. All these problems, however, do not justify a general rejection of direct popular rights. Thus, we conclude by listing several points that should be observed to safeguard the well-functioning of direct democracy.
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The article analyzes the complex issue of foreign direct investment and unequal distribution of its flows into different countries (the analysis of foreign direct investment determinants in the con-text of globalization). In the thesis there are the comprehensive theoretical study of foreign direct investment and the attraction of its flows consdering the nowadays context of globalization presented, the results of other empirical studies that analyzes foreign direct investment determinants were systematized. The model for the analysis of foreign direct investment determinants in the circumstances of globalization developed and presented. Based on this model studies to assess the determinants of foreign direct investment in Central and Eastern European countries carried out taking into account the differences of determinants among these countries and the countries of investment sources, also considering the possible lagging effects of these factors and the different volume of attracted foreign direct investment by different countries. Santrauka Straipsnyje kompleksiškai vertinamos tiesioginės užsienio investicijos ir netolygaus tiesioginių užsienio investicijų srautų pritraukimo šalių atžvilgiu problema (tiesioginių užsienio investicijų pritraukimą globalizacijos sąlygomis lemiantys veiksniai). Atlikta teorinė studija, skirta tiesioginėms užsienio investicijoms, jų pritraukimo šiuolaikinėje globalizacijos aplinkoje reiškiniui, susisteminti empirinių tyrimų, vertinančių tiesioginių užsienio investicijų pritraukimą lemiančius veiksnius, rezultatai. Parengtas tiesioginių užsienio investicijų pritraukimą globalizacijos sąlygomis lemiančių veiksnių vertinimo modelis, kurio pagrindu atliktas tyrimas, leidžiantis įvertinti tiesioginių užsienio investicijų pritraukimą Centrinės ir Rytų Europos šalyse lemiančių veiksnių reikšmingumą ir poveikio kryptį, atsižvelgiant į šių veiksnių skirtumus tarp šių šalių ir šalių, investicijų šaltinių, taip pat atsižvelgiant į galimą laiko atžvilgiu atsiliekantį šių veiksnių poveikį ir į šalių pritraukiamų tiesioginių užsienio investicijų mastą. Reikšminiai žodžiai:globalizacija, naujosios Europos Sąjungos šalys, panelinių duomenų analizė, tiesioginės užsienio investicijos, tiesioginių užsienio investicijų pritraukimą lemiantys veiksniai.
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