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This volume develops a novel approach to state theory. It offers a comprehensive review of the existing literature on the state and sets a new agenda for state research. Four central themes define the scope of the book: an account of the bases of the operational autonomy of the state; the need to develop state theory as part of a more general social theory; the possibilities of explaining 'capitalist societalization' without assuming that the economy is the ultimate determinant of societal dynamics; and a defence of the method of articulation in theory construction. In developi.

Abstract.  The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the private returns to education and training in the 1980s for a random sample of women in Malaysia. I estimate a Mincer type earnings function, augmented by information on the women's training experience. The results indicate that there are positive and economically significant returns to education and training. I also investigate the determinants of training and find that training participation is positively related to educational attainment, while if women are credit‐constrained they are significantly less likely to undertake training.

Intro -- Contents -- List of Illustrations -- Figures -- Tables -- Introduction: Into the Cyber Realm -- Cybersecurity Governance -- The Argument -- Plan of the Book -- Implications for Policy -- 1 Cybersecurity Governance -- The "Cyber" Prefix -- War and Cyberwar -- Data Weaponized -- Internet Penetration -- Proliferation of Cyber Military Units -- Issues of Democratic Governing -- Governance and Internet Penetration -- The Dataset -- Empirical Findings -- Brief Analysis -- Discussion and Conclusion -- 2 Cyber Responses and the State -- States and Cybersecurity Governance

This paper concerns the likelihood that decisions adopted at plenary meetings of the parties to multilateral environmental agreements will influence the behaviour of States Parties. Relying upon a theory emphasising the importance of rational persuasion of decisions and the legitimacy of decision-making processes, the paper explains how choices concerning the preparation of delegates and then participation of delegations at plenary meetings of the parties to environmental treaties might enhance the likelihood of those decisions having a positive effect upon the actions of States Parties. This is done using a case study of the UK delegation to a recent meeting of the parties to the 1971 Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance. That case study also provides examples of potentially positive modalities adopted by the UK, whilst also revealing suspected concerns for the future surrounding retention of experienced delegates and the impact of Brexit.

Based on thematic data analysis of reports from a qualitative cross-country study, the article explores the perceptions of Brexit and collaborations with the UK in different EU countries through the lens of discursive institutionalism. We suggest that in the context of uncertainty characteristic of the post-Brexit referendum period, ideas related to economic concerns and strategic repositioning of national higher education systems subsume the values attached to the European dimension of higher education and research policies. The ideal of educational cooperation based on cultural diversity and national varieties is overridden by concerns expressed in terms of economic rationales. These findings corroborate research that argues that collaboration/cooperation has become a pragmatic and instrumental endeavour. In time, and if the current climate of uncertainty persists, this may further reconfigure institutional strategies and lead institutions to focus on problem solutions rather than the pursuit of the political ends of cooperation.

The so-called state action doctrine is a judicially created formula for resolving conflicts between federal antitrust policy and state policies that seem to authorize conduct that antitrust law would prohibit. Against the background of recent commentaries by the federal antitrust agencies, this article reviews the doctrine and discusses it's application in the health care sector, focusing on the ability of states to immunize anticompetitive actions by state licensing and regulatory boards, hospital medical staffs, and public hospitals, as well as anticompetitive mergers and agreements. Although states are free, as sovereign governments, to restrict competition, the state action doctrine requires that "the state itself" make the decision to do so. Partly on the basis of problems in the political environment, the article criticizes courts for using a mere "forseeability" test to decide whether a state legislature sufficiently authorized competitors to act in contravention of clear federal policy: "Few things are more foreseeable than that a trade or profession empowered to regulate itself will produce anticompetitive regulations."

The purpose of this research is to find out more about how to improve Indonesia's financial literacy through financial education programs. The method used in this research is descriptive research with literature study research techniques. The results of this study suggest that every financially literate individual, company and government is required to be increasingly responsible for financial planning, investing and spending their resources. Education on the financial side can be given not only in formal terms such as in high school and college classes, but can also be given in the work environment, family, finance courses to the government. So that they can answer the demands of the development of industry 4.0 and society 5.0, also become financially literate individuals and take an active role in economic activities and be able to manage family finances