Suchergebnisse

"Internationale Vergleiche zum Thema Armut spielen eine immer größere Rolle. Sie dienen sowohl dem wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisgewinn als auch dem Soll-Ist-Vergleich im politischen Raum. Dies gilt in weltweitem Maßstab, aber insbesondere für Vergleiche innerhalb der Europäischen Union. So wurde im Rahmen des Lissabon-Prozesses der Europäischen Union die Bekämpfung von Armut zu einem zentralen Ziel erkoren und für den Bereich Soziale Eingliederung eine regelmäßige empirische Armutsberichterstattung implementiert. Dieser Beitrag beginnt mit grundsätzlichen methodischen Überlegungen zur international vergleichenden Armutsforschung (Abschnitt 1). Einige der in dem Beitrag von Richard Hauser in diesem Band zum Thema Armutsmessung diskutierten Probleme stellen sich dabei in besonderem Maße. Im Abschnitt 2 wird dann dargestellt, welche Arten von Fragestellungen es gibt, also was eigentlich miteinander verglichen werden soll. Je nachdem, wie diese Frage beantwortet wird, gibt es unterschiedliche methodische Probleme. In Abschnitt 3 folgt dann eine ausführlichere Beschreibung der Armutsberichterstattung in der Europäischen Union als ein wichtiges Anwendungsbeispiel von international vergleichender Armutsforschung. Wir beschränken uns dabei auf Untersuchungen, die sich auf entwickelte Länder beziehen und auf quantitative Armutsforschung, die repräsentative Ergebnisse für die Bevölkerung verschiedener Länder anstrebt. Qualitative Armutsforschung, die typischerweise mit kleinen, nicht-repäsentativen Stichproben arbeitet, aber die ausgewählten Fälle viel intensiver untersucht als es mit repräsentativen Bevölkerungsstichproben möglich ist, wird nicht behandelt. Auch institutionelle Vergleiche werden nur insoweit angesprochen, als es für die Erklärung von Armutsphänomenen erforderlich ist." (Autorenreferat)

Internationale Politieke Economie (IPE) is een nieuw vakgebied dat een zekere integratie voorstaat van Internationale Betrekkingen, Internationale Economische Betrekkingen, Politicologie en Bestuurskunde. Het is een terrein dat zich goed leent om de wisselwerking van verschijnselen op subnationaal, nationaal en internationaal niveau te analyseren. Dit artikel geeft een oeverzicht van de recente ontwikkelingen op dit vakgebied en signaleert de mogelijkheden en beperkingen van IPE.

À la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, les États, effrayés par le déchaînement de la violence qui avait ravagé le monde pendant plus de cinq ans, ratifient une refonte des Conventions de Genève dans l'espoir de se doter d'un instrument de droit solide, destiné à préserver, même dans la guerre, la dignité de tous les individus. Ils s'engagent à respecter, dans les conflits armés, internationaux ou non, les droits fondamentaux de la personne humaine, et à limiter au strict nécessaire l'usage de la force pour mettre l'ennemi hors de combat. Les deux Protocoles additionnels de 1977 confirment cette volonté.

It was announced by the press in July that the 35-nation International Sugar Council, meeting in London, had decided unanimously to raise sugar quotas immediately from 85 to 100 percent of the basic export tonnages of member countries, and, as soon as the prevailing price came within the range of 3.25 and 3.45 cents a pound, to increase quotas automatically to 105 percent of basic tonnages. In its communique1 the Council was said to have stated that the action was based on a review of the current market situation, which revealed that, on the basis of an 85-pcrcent quota level, the deficit of sugar in the world market for the current year would have amounted to 1,250,000 tons. The effect of the Council's decision, the press pointed out, was to allow Cuba to dispose of the 700,000 tons of sugar that the United States had decided earlier in the year not to purchase.

The 123d session of the Governing Body of the International Labor Organization met in Geneva, November 24 to 27, 1953. On the basis of the report of the United Nations-ILO Ad Hoc Committee on Forced Labor, the Governing Body decided to take the following steps: 1) to appeal to governments which had not yet done so to ratify the four ILO conventions which dealt with forced labor or indigenous workers; 2) to invite metropolitan governments to consider applying the four conventions without modification to all their non-metropolitan territories; 3) to consider the desirability of revising the forced labor convention adopted by ILO in 1930 to make it provide for the complete suppression of forced or compulsory labor in all its forms; and 4) to affirm ILO's willingness to intensify its efforts toward the abolition of forced labor practices of an economic character, including practices not envisaged when the conventions were adopted.

The International Whaling Commission, created by a convention signed on December 2, 1946, which entered into force on November 10, 1948, held its first meeting in London from May 30 to June 7, 1949. Of the seventeen signatories to the convention, thirteen had ratified or adhered and, accordingly, were represented: Australia, Canada, France, Iceland, Mexico, Netherlands, Norway, Panama, Sweden, United Kingdom, United States; Union of South Africa and USSR. The commission, within the framework of the convention, determined its course of work as follows: 1) to amend from time to time as required the schedule of regulations controlling whaling; 2) to organize studies and investigations relating to whales and whaling; 3) to collect and analyze statistical information; and 4)to study, appraise and disseminate information concerning whaling stocks. At the first meeting of the commission, two standing committees were created: a Scientific and Technical Committee and a Finance and Administrative Committee.

By now there is a very considerable volume of work on the general subject of women, women's rights, feminism and gender in international relations. This has both engendered and been engendered by the development of undergraduate and graduate courses and seminars on these themes. By contrast the allied discipline of international history has been slow to develop a parallel literature or courses. Courses in women's history per se have multiplied; there is a respectable literature and a number of equally respectable learned journals, not only in the Englishspeaking countries, but also in Western Europe. But their concern has been very much focused on the issues of women in each particular society; they have tended, that is, to develop the study of women within the study of the history of a particular country, political culture or linguistic region. Confronted with questions about the lack of similar courses in the history of international relations, historians drawn from both sexes have tended either to take them as a comic act or to indicate that in their view there is a lack of relevant material or issues adequate to justify any isolation of the topic from the more general themes of inter-state relations, with the great issues of peace and war with which as members of the discipline they are chiefly concerned.

Intro -- Contents/ Sommaire -- Articles -- Innocent Passage in the Arctic -- The International Policing of High Sea Fisheries -- Les zones de pêche de Terre-Neuve et du Labrador à la lumière de l'évolution du Droit international -- The Origins of the South West Africa Dispute: The Versailles Peace Conference and the Creation of the Mandates System -- The International Legal Status of Formosa -- International Regional Organizations and their Travel Documents -- Notes and Comments -- Current Developments in the Revision of Rules Governing the Liability of the Air Carrier in respect of the International Carriage of Passengers by Air -- The World Court: Reform or Re-Appraisal -- Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons with Special Reference to Canada's Position -- Immunité de juridiction. Etat ou gouvernement étranger. Exposition universelle de 1967 -- Canadian Practice in International Law during 1967 as Reflected Mainly in Public Correspondence and Statements of the Department of External Affairs -- Canadian Practice in International Law during 1965 and ig66 as Reflected in Public Statements -- Book Reviews/Revue des livres -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Z.