Suchergebnisse

The successful economic development of the Asian newly industrialized countries (NICs) and Japan raises many interesting theoretical questions about the impact of Chinese culture in general, and Confucianism in particular, on the process of economic development. After a survey of Chinese culture, the authors explore how it interacts with organizational forms in Taiwan to produce a bifurcated industrial structure of large and small firms. By using the particular case of the impact of Confucian culture on intellectual property rights, they show how culture dynamically interacts with different organizational forms. (DÜI-Sen)

THE STAKES IN THE COMPETITION TO DEVELOP HIGH Definition Television (HDTV) are high. In the face of intense competition from Japan, the European effort has had the earmarks of a mission-oriented, Japanese-style industrial policy. But political support for a politically-derived European HDTV standard is matched by market demand. This case study reveals that the nature of government-industry relations in the EC has changed very little when large, politically powerful firms are involved, despite the increasingly prominent policy role of the European Community and the creation of the internal market.

AbstractNever before in the history of modern civilization has there been so much global emphasis on total quality. It does not matter which label is attached—whether it is the Deming Award in Japan, the ISO 9000 in Europe or the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Awards in the United States. We are witnessing a major shift in our society, just as important as the shifting of emphasis from production to marketing to customer satisfaction. Customer satisfaction in its broadest sense is total quality management, and that is what this article is all about. It is about change.

On 12 October 1992, 500 years will have passed since Columbus landed at a place he believed to be the West coast of India. According to the author, this event marked a permanent loss of political and economic sovereignty for the American people. After a brief look at the current state of international affairs, he discusses the issue of democratizing the Latin American system, and the task of the quincentenary

TO ESTABLISH THAT THE UNITED STATE'S EMPIRE IS WELL AND ALIVE MILITARILY IS THE INTENT OF THE AUTHOR. HAMIDEH SEDGHI PRESENTS AN INTERPRETATION OF THE NEW WORLD ORDER WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF PAX-AMERICANA. BY DRAWING ON THE U.S.-LED INVATSION OF IRAQ THE CONCERN IS WITH THE NEW GLOBAL DIVISION OF POWER BASED ON THE EROSION OF EAST/WEST CONFRONTATION AND THE CORRESPONDING RISE IN NORTH/SOUTH TENSION. ALSO ADDRESSED IS THE PERSIAN GULF WAR IN VIEW OF THE DECLINING ECONOMIC POSITION OF THE U.S. VIS-A-VIS JAPAN AND THE EEC.

Die Expansion der Universitäten begann in der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts und hat sich fast ungebrochen bis in die Gegenwart fortgesetzt. Nicht die Nachfrage nach qualifizierten Fachkräften, sondern die Konkurrenz verschiedener sozialer Gruppen um kulturelle und politische Partizipation hat diese Expansion ausgelöst. Dies gilt für Deutschland, Frankreich und Italien ebenso wie für Japan und die USA. In der Zwischenkriegszeit erhielten Frauen in einem begrenzten Umfang Zutritt zur Universität. Aber erst nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg öffneten sich die Universitäten für bildungsferne Schichten. Die Folgen der Expansion sind zahlreich: die Ausdifferenzierung des Hochschulwesens in Eliteuniversitäten und Massenuniversitäten, die hohe Arbeitslosigkeit von Akademikern in den dreißiger Jahren und in der gegenwärtigen Wirtschaftskrise und schließlich die Vorherrschaft der "Meritokratie" auf dem Arbeitsmarkt. Gliederung: 1. Einleitung. - 2. Die Bildungsexpansion zwischen 1870 und 1938. - 3. Bildungsexpansion und soziale Herkunft. - 4. Der Kampf gegen die Bildungsexpansion. - 5. Institutionelle und soziale Differenzierung im Hochschulwesen. - 6. Von der Patronage zur Meritokratie. - 7. Bildungsexpansion und Arbeitsmarkt zwischen 1960 und 1985 (HoF/Text übernommen)

A review of recent literature is presented relating to general
Just‐in‐Time (JIT) philosophy, its supply bases and on the formalised
and mathematical models. JIT has become a subject of much interest and
some little controversy in recent years and has attracted the interest
of many major manufacturing organisations in the West as well as in
Japan where it was originally developed. A growing and developing
literature on this subject has been published particularly since the
late 1970s. An attempt is made to draw major conclusions regarding
benefits and relevance to Western manufacturing industry.

In dem Beitrag werden auf der Basis einer Theorie von Olson einige Ansätze und Bausteine für die theoretische Analyse der Zusammenhänge zwischen institutionellen Strukturen, Wirtschaftspolitik und wirtschaftlicher Entwicklung der westlichen Demokratien diskutiert. Dabei handelt es sich um Theorieelemente, die mit der Korporatismus-Theorie kompatibel sind. Zur Einführung in die Problemstellung wird an den Beispielen Schweiz und Japan deutlich gemacht, daß sich der Zusammenhang zwischen institutionellen Strukturen und Politikgestaltung erst dann hinreichend klar herausarbeiten läßt, wenn man die jeweils mit unterschiedlichen Strukturen verbundenen Regelungen von Vermittlungs- und Entscheidungsverfahren, die damit verbundenen Funktions- und Konsensbedingungen unterschiedlicher Strukturen sowie die daraus resultierenden Verhaltensstrategien und Entscheidungsmuster differenziert analysiert. Als Grundlage dafür wird ein theoretisches Instrumentarium entwickelt, mit dessen Hilfe dieses komplexe Beziehungsgeflecht systematisch analysiert werden kann. Davon ausgehend werden strukturelle und funktionale Aspekte des wirtschaftspolitischen Verhaltens von Organisationen und Koalitionen diskutiert. Zu untersuchen bleiben, so wird abschließend festgestellt, die relativ komplexen Policy-Netzwerke, in denen die wirtschaftlich relevanten Politiken entschieden werden. (KW)

The globalization of the world economy & its increasing interdependence & need for cooperation is discussed from a European perspective. The world economy has shifted from strategic & economic dominance by one leading nation to dominance by three economic entities: the US, Europe, & Japan. The resulting enlargement of regional economic zones leads to increased intra-area trade, & may involve protectionist trade policies directed against competitors outside the trade zone. To combat the danger of such policies, nations must renounce unilateral & bilateral economic measures. A multinational rule system is also endorsed. 2 References. D. Generoli

Until March 1985, when Gorbachev became the General Secretary of the CPSU, Moscow had adopted a two-pronged approach towards the Japanese-originated Pacific Community, viewing it either as a Japanese attempt to set up a superbloc in order to realise its 'evil' aims or U.S. attempt, through Japan, to achieve its largely anti-Soviet goals in the region. Against this backdrop, the paper illustrates the response of the USSR towards the Pacific Community concept since Gorbachev's accession to power. The broder context of Soviet policies in the Asia Pacific region is also examined. (DÜI-Sen)

The US, which after WWII reached the zenith of prosperity & power, now has a reduced share of the world's research expenditures, patent awards, & trade in high-technology products, while Japan, some European nations, & newly industrialized countries have accelerated their pace of technological development. US technological influence is reviewed from a Third World perspective, & it is concluded that the developing countries are now generally more hospitable to US technology & investment; in turn, the US needs their markets & raw materials. Revised forward-looking policies by US government & corporations could well prolong the " American century". 3 Tables. Modified HA

The Arabs, Between Political Compromises and Ontological Refusais, by Ghassan Salame
The real legitimacy of Israel is the one the Israeli draw from the holocaust. But the Arabs do not feel concerned by what happened in Europe, during World War II. They perceived the war as a régional European conflict, which the United States and Japan have joined in a rather inexplicable manner. The analogy that continues to prevail is the Crusade one. Israel is a « fait accompli » imposed by external forces which carries with it the seeds of its ultimate defeat.