Suchergebnisse

AbstractThis paper introduces the concept of "nation-state science" to describe the scientific work of ethnoracial classification that made possible the ideal of the homogenous nation-state. Swedish scientists implicitly defined their nation for Continental Europeans when they explicitly created knowledge about the "Lapps" (today's Sámi/Saami). Nation was coupled to state through such ethnoracial categories, the content of which were redefined as Sweden's geopolitical power rose and fell. These shifts sparked methodological innovations to redefine the Lapp, making it a durable category whose content was plastic enough to survive paradigm shifts in political and scientific thought. Idiosyncratic Swedish concerns thus became universalized through the scientific diffusion of empirical knowledge about Lapps and generalizable anthropometric techniques to distinguish among populations. What Sweden lost during the nineteenth century in terms of geopolitical power, it gained in terms of biopower: the knowledge and control of internal populations made possible by its widely adopted anthropometric innovations. Nation-state science helps unpack the interrelationships between state-building, nation-making, and scientific labor.

The social status and position of teachers have changed throughout history and is conditioned by the development of human society. In the developed world, the teacher is a highly positioned member of society, part of the intellectual elite and a positive model of behavior. We are witnesses that the period of media development, the inflow of information, the collapse of previous value systems, led to a change in the evaluation and position of teachers in Serbia and the surrounding countries. Teachers are experiencing one of the most difficult periods. They are usually poorly paid, insufficiently valued, unmotivated. The paper describes positive examples of the attitude of social systems in the world towards teachers, where teachers are still part of the elite and where, thanks to a positive and encouraging attitude towards educators, societies experience prosperity in economic, cultural, material and other aspects of development. In this way, the assumption is confirmed that a society that invests in education and teaching staff, is profitable in the long run and has positive results in development. Also, the paper presents the results of research conducted by surveying students of the Teacher Education Faculty in Belgrade, in which we wanted to find out the attitudes, motives, and views of students about the position of teachers in society, and the projections of their future occupation. The results of the research show that students are motivated to work as teachers and that they like working with children and young people, but at the same time, they are aware of the unfavorable position of teachers in society and hope that this position can be improved by raising to make the public aware of the importance of teaching at the earliest age of students and stricter criteria when enrolling and selecting future teachers at faculties and schools.

The rise of artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly influencing our education system. It is apparent that the students of today are mostly attached with their smart mobile phones, tablets, laptops, and various other forms of advanced technologies for their quality of learning. It has become an urgent necessity for school students to become future AI ready. Understanding the wide potential impact of AI, India has started initiatives to prepare young learners for future AI ready. Central Board of Secondary Education in the direction of National Education Policy (2020) introduces two-fold AI in its affiliated school curricula. Using a systematic review technique, the present study has attempted to explore the promise and potentiality of AI in school education, and provide a comprehensive overview of the current status and development trends of AI in school, the initiatives, planning, strategies, and steps taken by India and other countries regarding AI integration in their school system. Finally, the study brings out some concluding remarks towards innovative AI integration.

The concept and causes of runaway state-building -- Constraining government patronage : different logics of party competition -- The runaway state-building phenomenon : patronage politics and bureaucratic rationalization -- Remaking the regions : the Europeanization of the state or domestic politics as usual? -- Local control : local parties and local state administrations -- A runaway welfare state? : postcommunist welfare politics -- Exporting the argument : party competition and state effectiveness in other new democracies

The level & scope of state financial support for Polish parties have expanded progressively since 1989, making it the main source of income for a number of them. This becomes even more evident when one considers the allowances paid to party-based parliamentary caucuses & individual parliamentarians. Appointments to state & quasi-state bodies also appear to be an important source of patronage for Polish parties. The Polish party funding regime & state patronage opportunities clearly favour 'insiders' & have centralized power in party leaderships. However, the Polish party system remains too unstable to conclude that a 'cartel' of privileged insiders is emerging, while increases in state party funding have, at most, simply reinforced existing trends in terms of party leader orientation & popular anti-party sentiment. Tables. Adapted from the source document.

Abstract
Background
Environmental concerns are growing globally. The world has suffered severe environmental deterioration over the years. Undeniably, the impact of environmental degradation on the earth's geographical space is alarming, making environmental stakeholders to be worried. Existing literature has examined several factors affecting the environment, but the focus has now shifted to education and the need to maximize its potentials. Although studies have examined the direct impacts of education on the environment, those investigating its moderating role are relatively new and scarce, particularly across income groups. Understanding the channel through which education might affect the environment requires the knowledge of its moderating role. Therefore, this study employs FMOLS, DOLS, ARDL-PMG, CCEMG and heterogeneous panel causality test methodologies to investigate the direct and moderating effects of education in the growth-energy-environment linkages in heterogeneous income groups of 92 countries from 1985 to 2018.

Results
The findings of this study indicate that economic growth is a long-term solution to environmental deterioration in high and upper-middle-income countries, while the opposite holds for lower-middle-income and low-income countries. In addition, energy consumption is linked with environmental degradation across all income groups. Also, the study finds that education's direct effects aggravate environmental degradation across all income groups. Moreover, its moderating role ameliorates the adverse effects of energy consumption on environmental degradation in high and upper-middle-income groups but worsens it in the lower-middle-income and low-income groups.

Conclusion
This study examines the role of education in economic growth, energy consumption and environmental degradation nexus. The study concludes that education is important for environmental sustainability as it encourages pro-environmental behaviors and attitudes and supports energy-efficient products and investments in green technologies. However, education may also aid energy-intensive activities and dirty technology by supporting lifestyles that are not eco-friendly. It is important, therefore, to provide education that promotes better environmental quality.

The article analyzes the political development of Montenegro from the state- and nation-building perspective. This process takes place in the context of multi-ethnicity and disagreements about national and religious identity. The concept of center-peripheral polarity by S. Rokkan is used as the main analytical tool. It reveals the influence of relations between centers and the peripheries on state and nation-building. The authors examine the historical aspects of the national identity formation in Montenegro. The article focuses on the factors that complicate the process of state- and nation-building, including the institutional ones. The authors consider problems of different levels that hinder the implementation of a unified national policy in relation to all «non-Montenegrin» groups: the cleavages between Montenegrins and Serbs, between Montenegrins and other ethnic minorities, between the Montenegrin state and the Serbian Orthodox Church. The article analyzes the current stage of nation- and state-building, the peculiarities of the influence of external actors on this process. The results of the 2020 parliamentary elections, when the opposition came to power largely due to the active position of the Serbian Orthodox Church are also discussed. The authors come to a conclusion about the effectiveness of institutions that must provide political decision-making and consensus-building between different ethnic groups.

"Serial no. 107-71." ; Shipping list no.: 2003-0026-P. ; Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche. ; Includes bibliographical references and index. ; Mode of access: Internet.

THE TASK OF DRAWING TOGETHER USEFUL OBSERVATIONS ABOUT RESEARCH on problems of education in Latin America is at once an attractive and a disagreeable task. It is attractive because the kind of effort exemplified by this publication seems to imply increased attention to the need for research. It is disagreeable because of the obvious paucity of research, lack of a dynamic role for research in the educational process, disjointed and unrelated effort in the research that does exist, and misunderstanding of the nature of research and its function in a social field. The views expressed here are critical of research—its goals, its conduct, and the mechanisms for integrating it into educational development; but, hopefully, the observations made can be of use to enhance the research potential in this important sphere of activity.