Suchergebnisse

"While cities like Winnipeg, Minneapolis, Saskatoon, Rapid City, Edmonton, Missoula, Regina, and Tulsa are places where Indigenous marginalization has been most acute, they have also long been sites of Indigenous placemaking and resistance to settler colonialism. Although such cities have been denigrated as "ordinary" or banal in the broader urban literature, they are exceptional sites to study Indigenous resurgence. The urban centres of the continental plains have featured Indigenous housing and food co-operatives, social service agencies, and schools. The American Indian Movement initially developed in Minneapolis in 1968, and Idle No More emerged in Saskatoon in 2013. The editors and authors of Settler City Limits, both Indigenous and settler, address urban struggles involving Anishinaabek, Cree, Creek, Dakota, Flathead, Lakota, and Métis peoples. Collectively, these studies showcase how Indigenous people in the city resist ongoing processes of colonial dispossession and create spaces for themselves and their families. Working at intersections of Indigenous studies, settler colonial studies, urban studies, geography, and sociology, this book examines how the historical and political conditions of settler colonialism have shaped urbandevelopment in the Canadian Prairies and American Plains. Settler City Limits frames cities as Indigenous spaces and places, both in terms of the historical geographies of the regions in which they are embedded, and with respect to ongoing struggles for land, life, and self-determination."--

Based upon observation of the 2016 Sarawak state elections at a time of political turmoil for the ruling Barisan Nasional coalition, Electoral Dynamics in Sarawak offers four ethnographic accounts of grassroots electoral politics in diverse constituencies of Sarawak. Covering Ba' Kelalan, the rural stronghold of Sarawak Parti Keadilan Rakyat (People's Justice Party) leader Baru Bian; Tupong, the urban Malay-majority stronghold of the PBB; Stakan, a mixed constituency in which postal votes proved decisive; and Repok and Meradong, rural Chinese majority constituencies caught between the Sarawak United People's Party and the Democratic Action Party, this volume exposes the diversity and complexity of Sarawak's electoral geography. Central to the analyses in this volume are not only the role of ethnicity and the urban/rural divide but also the longer term impact of the politics of developmentalism, the personality politics surrounding Chief Minister Adenan Satem and the emerging force of Sarawakian states' rights enshrined in the Sarawak for Sarawakians (S4S) social movement. Part of a comparative study of electoral dynamics across Southeast Asia, Electoral Dynamics in Sarawak seeks both to analyse the wider lessons to be learned from the 2016 Sarawak state elections as well as to deepen our knowledge and understanding of a state which is likely to play an especially important role in the political future of Malaysia.

Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Notes on Contributors -- Abbreviations -- 1: The Journey to Transformational Entrepreneurship -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Definitions -- 1.3 Transformational Entrepreneurship -- 1.4 Encouraging Transformational Entrepreneurship -- 1.5 Applying Transformational Entrepreneurship -- 1.6 Conclusion -- References -- 2: Innovation and Entrepreneurial Ecosystems as Important Building Blocks -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Entrepreneurial and Innovation Ecosystems -- 2.3 Construct, Evolutionary Nature and Measurement -- 2.3.1 Entrepreneurial Ecosystem -- 2.3.2 Innovation Ecosystems -- 2.3.3 Commonalities and Differences Between Innovation and Entrepreneurial Ecosystems -- 2.4 Key Principles for Building Sound Ecosystems -- 2.4.1 Listen to the Local Needs -- 2.4.2 Long-Term Vision -- 2.4.3 Work Collectively -- 2.4.4 Act Responsively -- 2.4.5 Share Motivational Stories and Milestones -- 2.5 Conclusion -- References -- 3: Case Study: Transformational Entrepreneurship in the UK-"From UK Bread Waste to Global Beer Brand" -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Background Information on Case -- 3.3 Background on Company -- 3.4 UK Context and Social Entrepreneurship -- 3.5 Case Study -- 3.5.1 Networks to Scale -- 3.5.2 Commercial and Social Worlds -- 3.6 Transformational Entrepreneurship -- 3.7 Conclusion -- 3.8 Conclusion -- References -- 4: Case Study: Gender and Enterprise Development in Africa -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Case Studies -- 4.2.1 Amalena Children's Haven -- 4.2.2 Bimbeads Concept Designs -- 4.2.3 Cassava Processing in Ghana -- 4.2.4 Dreamland Piggery -- 4.2.5 Pauline Cosmetics -- 4.3 Lessons Learnt -- 4.3.1 Impact -- 4.3.2 Entrepreneurial Challenges -- 4.4 Conclusion -- References -- 5: Case Study: Transformational Entrepreneurship in Australia -- 5.1 Introduction.

Taiwan's position looks increasingly precarious, and tensions threaten to grow into a major strategic crisis. Chinese President Xi Jinping has made reunification with Taiwan a central pillar of his vision for China, and has ramped up diplomatic and economic pressure on Taiwan. Its inhabitants are increasingly estranged from the mainland, and Tsai Ing-wen's administration refuses to conduct relations with China on Beijing's terms. Taiwan could take on renewed strategic significance amid the backdrop of the deepening rivalry between China and the United States, and find itself at the centre of a Cold War-style superpower confrontation. While Washington's support and military power has historically guaranteed Taiwan's security, this is no longer a certainty. This Adelphi book argues that China's military modernisation has changed the cross-strait military balance, and the ability of the US to prevail in a conflict over Taiwan may have evaporated by 2030. As China feels increasingly empowered to retake Taiwan, there is significant potential for escalation, particularly given the ambiguity of Beijing's red lines' on Taiwan. Neither Beijing, Taipei nor Washington want such a conflict, but each is challenging the uneasy status quo. Taylor calls for the introduction of a narrower set of formal crisis-management mechanisms designed to navigate a major Taiwan crisis.

Airpower remains the cornerstone of NATO's military advantage, so maintaining the ability to win air superiority over peer opponents in a conflict is key to long-term deterrence stability in both Europe and the Pacific. This Whitehall Paper examines the various modernisation and future capability development efforts being undertaken within NATO, and analyses the major threat systems and overall modernisation trends of the West's main peer-competitors - Russia and China. US airpower capability development efforts are increasingly focused on countering the growing challenge from the Chinese military in the Pacific. To meet this challenge, the Pentagon is planning to transform the way it operates across all domains over the next 15 years. New platforms, weapons systems and increasing automation of command and control threaten to leave NATO allies behind. Current acquisition and modernisation plans of European air forces may eventually close the capability gap with current US theatre entry standard capabilities, but by then the US will have leapt ahead once more. Furthermore, many of the airpower capabilities which the US is pursuing for the Pacific theatre are significantly less relevant for the demands of deterrence against Russia in Europe. Given continuing dependence on US enablers on the part of other NATO members, a significant divergence in capability plans threatens to undermine crucial Alliance interoperability if not recognised and managed early.

Introduction: Advances in the Study of Third Language Acquisition and Multilingualism; Eva Vetter, Ulrike Jessner -- PART I: CONCEPTS -- Dominant Language Constellation as a Method of Research; Larissa Aronin -- Business as Usual? (Re)conceptualizations and the Multilingual Turn in Education. The Case of Mother Tongue; Sílvia Melo-Pfeifer -- 'Germination' Factors of Destination Language Learning; Aloysius N. Conduah -- Communicative Competence in the Context of Increasing Diversity in South Tyrolean Schools; Maria Stopfner, Dana Engel -- PART II: TRANSFER PHENOMENA -- Differences in the Acquisition and Production of English as a Foreign Language: a Study of Bilingual and Monolingual Students in Germany; Eliane Lorenz, Peter Siemund -- Investigating Positive Lexical Transfer from English (L2) to German (L3) by Quebec Francophones; Nina Woll -- From Overhearing to Partial Immersion: L3 Acquisition of Romanian in Three English-Hungarian-Speaking Siblings; Iulia Pittman -- How Multilingualism and Sociolinguistic Environment Influence Rear-Burden Usage in Basque: a Study on Bilingual and Trilingual University Students; Julian Maia-Larretxea, Garbiñe Bereziartua -- PART III: LANGUAGE LEARNING STRATEGIES -- Interlingual Learning of Romance Languages at Austrian Schools; Michaela Rückl -- Extending Oxford's (1990) Taxonomy for Multilingual Learners; Violetta Dmitrenko -- Sustaining Long-Term L2 and L3 Learning Motivation in a Monolingual Environment; Csilla Sárdi -- Tense and Aspect in L3 Interlanguage. The Effect of Lexical Aspect and Discourse Grounding on the Development of Tense and Aspect Marking in L3 Italian; Zuzana Toth

This discussion paper aims to further awareness of opportunities to address loss and damage caused by climate change-related slow onset events (SOEs) through social protection. The analysis is based on a review of interdisciplinary theoretical and empirical literature. The findings suggest that designing comprehensive, climate-responsive social protection strategies can strongly support proactive measures to avoid, minimise and address the complex, long-term impacts of SOEs on human health, livelihoods, poverty and inequality. This entails improving the effectiveness and extending the coverage of existing social protection systems; mainstreaming climate concerns, including risks associated with SOEs, into national social protection frameworks; integrating social protection with broader climate and development policies and strategies; and developing innovative and transformational approaches to social protection. To this end, several issues for research and policy are discussed. Overall, the paper attempts to set the groundwork for an advanced research and policy agenda on social protection and climate change as well as emphasise the need for wider consideration of social protection in global climate change debates. In addition, the study aims to inform the future work of the Executive Committee of the Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage associated with Climate Change Impacts in the working areas of SOEs and comprehensive risk management approaches.

The OPEC countries possess an estimated one-third of total world natural gas reserves, but they produce relatively small volumes of this clean, convenient, and flexible fuel, and much of what is produced is flared and wasted for lack of demand. Historically, the major barrier to full utilization of OPEC's natural gas potential has been the high cost of gathering, processing, and transporting natural gas-relative to cheap and easily available crude oil. Now, higher prices make a stepped-up international gas trade economically viable for the first time, but a host of formidable geopolitical, financial, risk-sharing, environmental, and other barriers remain to be resolved. This volume, a primer on natural gas and international natural gas trade, also provides an inside view of how the OPEC countries view their options with respect to the medium- and long-term development of this important source of domestic energy and export earnings. The authors discuss the trade prospects and problems facing the OPEC nations, examine OPEC efforts to formulate a uniform price and export policy, and explore potential patterns of cooperation between exporters and importers. The authors also include current statistics on global natural gas supply and demand balances, as well as information on OPEC domestic natural gas projects and export contracts, both existing and planned.

Recent rapid housing market expansion in China is presenting new challenges for policy makers, planners, business people, and citizens. Now that housing in middle-income China is driven by consumer choices and is no longer dominated by state policy decisions, housing policy issues in Chinese cities are becoming increasingly similar to those encountered in other global housing markets. With soaring prices and imbalances in housing supply favoring high income groups and housing demand driven by rising inequality in household incomes, many middle and lower-income households face worsening choices in terms of the quality and location of their housing as well as greater financial difficulties, which together can have negative implications for standards of public health. This book examines the impact of these changes on the general population, as well as on aspiring homeowners and developers. The contributors look at the effect on the widening of wealth gaps, slower economic growth, and threats to political and social stability. Though focusing on China, the editors also present discussions of specific policy design challenges encountered in Australia, Japan, Korea, the Netherlands, the Nordic countries, Singapore, Taiwan, the UK, and the US. This book would be of interest to housing policy makers, as well as academics who are studying the social and political effects of the Chinese housing market.

"Dealing with Peace presents the struggles of the Guatemalan campesino (peasant) social movement during the country's post-conflict transition from 1996 to the present, focusing on efforts to obtain land and improve livelihoods within a shifting, yet consistently hostile, political-economic environment. With special focus on the relationship between the movement and the neoliberal state, Simon Granovsky-Larsen asks whether the acceptance of neoliberal resources - in this case, support for land access in Guatemala provided by the World Bank-funded Fondo de Tierras - reduces the potential for social movements to continue to work for transformative change. Positioned in contrast to studies warning that social movements cannot maintain their original vision after accepting such support, this book argues that organizations within the Guatemalan campesino movement have engaged strategically with neoliberalism, utilizing available resources to advance visions of social change. Using a wealth of primary data collected over more than a year of fieldwork, it contributes significantly to the study of Guatemalan politics and advances understandings of the grounded operation of neoliberalism. Exploring both the dynamics of a national neoliberal transition and the ways in which these play out within civil society, Dealing with Peace reveals the long-term and often contradictory negotiation of political and economic transitions."--

This book explores what happens to people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD) when they reach adulthood. It provides an examination of various terms and definitions in use and a critical exploration of current UK policies. The author brings a wealth of many years' experience as a family carer, independent consultant and trainer to demonstrate the significant changes that a person-centred, specialised therapeutic and incremental approach can make to an individual's life. Advances in medical science mean more than ever, people with (PIMD) are growing into adulthood. What is this experience like for an adult who needs support in all aspects of their life? How do we include them in planning support when their intellectual disability means they cannot tell us first hand, what they want or need? Too often this group are overlooked or considered as an afterthought in policy and planning. Notions of independence, employment and mainstream inclusion are all problematic policy ideas for this group of people. Within one-size-fits-all service planning this focus means there is less capacity to meet their life-long specialist, complex and individualised needs. Understanding Profound and Intellectual and Multiple Disabilities in Adults is essential reading for anyone who is involved in the lives of adults with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities, whether as a researcher, student, carer or policy-maker

"A queer Muslim searches for the language to express her truest self, making peace with her sexuality, her family, and Islam. Growing up in Pakistan, Samra Habib lacks a blueprint for the life she wants. She has a mother who gave up everything to be a pious, dutiful wife and an overprotective father who seems to conspire against a life of any adventure. Plus, she has to hide the fact that she's Ahmadi to avoid persecution from religious extremists. As the threats against her family increase, they seek refuge in Canada, where new financial and cultural obstacles await them. When Samra discovers that her mother has arranged her marriage, she must again hide a part of herself--the fun-loving, feminist teenager that has begun to bloom--until she simply can't any longer. So begins a journey of self-discovery that takes her to Tokyo, where she comes to terms with her sexuality, and to a queer-friendly mosque in Toronto, where she returns to her faith in the same neighbourhood where she attended her first drag show. Along the way, she learns that the facets of her identity aren't as incompatible as she was led to believe, and that her people had always been there--the world just wasn't ready for them yet."--

"Merleau-Ponty states in his Institution and Passivity lectures that he wants to "consider criticism itself as a symbolic form" as opposed to doing "a philosophy of symbolic form." This statement seems counterintuitive for Merleau-Ponty, who has been called "the philosopher of the sensible." In this book, Kaushik investigates this question, arguing that Merleau-Ponty has raised the stakes of his ontology such that it is no longer a matter of finding a solution to the difference between "the real and the fictive" but rather, of constellating and matrixing them. This ontological matrix amounts to a psychoanalysis of the philosophy of identity. Kaushik argues that philosophies of reflection, in which reflection seeks to coincide with its origins, are in fact uncritical because they miss the form of differentiation that limits them. His analyses of the matrices between space-imagination, light-dark, awake-asleep, repression-expression, etc., subvert these philosophies and reveal the symbolic form in terms of its lack of precise origin or destination. Drawing from recently published course materials of Merleau-Ponty's, and attentive to his reliance on literary phrases for phenomenological insights, Kaushik brings out the living force of Merleau-Ponty's thought and develops his radical insight of the primacy of the symbolic form, even in an ontology that claims to be about the sensible and its elements"--

This chapter aims to explore organisational change as a result of political and security risks faced by four major European multinationals, Roche (pharmaceuticals), Nestlé (food), Unilever (non-mineral oil, fats, food and soap), and Philips (incandescent lamps, electronics), originally domiciled partly or wholly in what were two relatively small neutral countries—Switzerland and the Netherlands. Questions considered include how both world wars and nationalistic economic policy affected the organisational structures of these four companies, and the extent to which these changes had long-term consequences for their organisational and legal structures. The chapter focusses on several key themes, including localisation (adaption to national circumstances), decentralisation, taxation, the formation of holding companies, twin corporate structures, and geographical relocation. In all four cases, the companies survived mounting nationalism and the division of markets during and between the two world wars by localising their corporate organisation, and by doubling and dispersing headquarter functions. As a result, these European multinationals all eventually came to have a relatively decentralised form of organisation. Although the four companies manifested similar organisational responses, on closer examination the political circumstances between Dutch, Swiss and Anglo-Dutch companies differed to a large extent, and therefore a one-size-fits-all analytical approach does not apply.

This book presents multidisciplinary analyses of the historical trajectories of social and economic inequalities in Brazil over the last 50 years. As one of the most unequal countries in the world, Brazil has always been an important case study for scholars interested in inequality research, but in the last decades a new phenomenon has renewed these researchers' interest in the country: while the majority of democracies in the developed world have witnessed an increase in income inequality from the 1970s on, Brazil has followed the opposite path, registering a significant reduction of income inequality over the last 30 years. Bringing together studies carried out by experts from different areas, such as economists, sociologists, demographers and political scientists, this volume presents insights based on rigorous analyses of statistical data in an effort to explain the long term changes in social and economic inequalities in Brazil. The book adopts a multidisciplinary approach, analyzing the relations between income inequality and different dimensions of social life, such as education, health, political participation, public policies, demographics and labor market. All of this makes Paths of Inequality in Brazil - A Half-Century of Change a very valuable resource for social scientists interested in inequality research in general, and especially for sociologists, political scientists and economists interested in the social and economic changes that Brazil went through over the last two decades.--