Suchergebnisse

Historically, all local communities in Indonesia have strong local wisdom which contains a spirit of sufficiency, balance and sustainability, especially in managing natural resources and people. It is philosophically clear that before governance over it existed, the Village first existed. The purpose of this research is to elaborate on the village as the basis and part of the governance arrangement afterward. A village that has an older government system should also be the spearhead in every administration of government, development and community affairs. The research used in this study is normative research using secondary data such as statutory regulations, legal theory, expert opinion, and court decisions. The approach that the writer uses is the approach of the Invitation Laws and the conceptual approach. The result of this paper is that Village autonomy and democracy which will be framed by a law on villages is not just an institutional matter, but has a deep philosophical basis. Efforts to strengthen regional autonomy and "village autonomy" are part of these ideals, as well as aiming to build a strong and perfect Indonesian imagination, which goes beyond centralism and localism. NKRI will become stronger if it is supported by the sovereignty of the people and the independence of the local people (regions and villages), namely the center that "respects" the local and the local "respects" the center. Village independence will be the foundation and strength of the Republic of Indonesia and Indonesia's imagination. If the village is forever marginal and dependent, it will become a heavy burden for the government and paralyze the foundations of the Republic of Indonesia. In the future, we need the village as a local entity that is socially powerful, politically sovereign, economically empowered and culturally dignified.

The choice of the topic is due to the increased importance of scientific research on the process of socialization and the actualization of the problem of resocialization due to the transition to a completely new stage in the study of global issues of development and transformation of human ideological foundations in modern society, the value-normative system, as well as human orientation to this system. Research on the process of resociali-zation is aimed at studying the mechanisms and methods that help a person adapt to new living conditions, master new norms, values, attitudes and patterns of behavior. As part of this article, a comparative analysis of scientific concepts of the resocialization is carried out, its place in the problem field of modern foreign and Rus-sian sciences is determined, and the essence of this phenomenon in the changing world is considered. Con-clusion dwells upon the fact that the problem of resocialization should be raised not only in social sciences, but also in philosophical sciences, in particular, it can become a subject of research within the framework of philo-sophical anthropology, since its main goal is to study the transformation of an individual's personality, his per-ceptions of the world and his attitude towards society and culture.

The article discusses a theoretical framework for investigating regionalisation and geopolitical regionalisation, employing the activity-geospatial approach. The main theoretical foci of this study are system-forming, or region-building, socio-geo-adaptation and geopolitical relations. The article examines various types of transboundary and transnational geopolitical regionalisation as manifestos of geopolitical relations. These types are categorised based on scale, functional area, historical and geographical characteristics, quality, legal status and geospatial features, placing particular emphasis on the Baltic region. An essential aspect of studying a region involves identifying and defining its spatial boundaries. Since determining the exact limits of the Baltic region remains problematic, this article examines various approaches to address this issue, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses, particularly in the context of geopolitical analysis. The concluding part of the article explores several centuries of the evolution of the Baltic Sea region, divided into historical geopolitical stages. It is highlighted that the geopolitical essence of the Baltic region was changing radically over time. Particular attention is paid to the current state of the Baltic regional geopolitical entity, which is classified as a conflict-ridden or confrontational geopolitical region in the 'Eurasian arc of instability' interpreted as a geopolitical macroregion.

Social conflicts represent one of the basic social phenomena, and also a historical constant in human societies. Therefore, it has always attracted the attention of theoreticians and researchers. Writers from various fields of social sciences - philosophy, history, law, psychology, sociology military and strategic history, etc. - but also creators of various utopias on social harmony and eternal peace, have been discussing the nature of conflict, its causes, function, goals, its regulation and solving. Philosophers, ethicists and theologists have tried to justify or question it to see into its essence, to explain it as inevitability and evil, or as real social phenomenon. Hence theoretical thought on social conflicts has long history and wide range - from theological, ethical, biological, natural law and geopolitical teachings, to various versions of psychological psychosocial and social theories, game theories, and within them various versions of micro and macro theories of conflict. Nowadays, at the beginning of the Third Millennium, social conflicts, as one of the greatest socio-political and security subjects, have imposed themselves as a priority theoretical problem, due to the course of historical events in the XX century. The two world wars, revolutions, civil wars, Cold War, and a series of local wars between states, nations and religions took place in XX century while people were simultaneously overwhelmed with fear of nuclear holocaust and ecological disaster. Thus the attempt to determine the final causes of social conflicts and systematize them represents one of the priority subjects of socio-political and security thought even in the XXI century. Additional reason for that is the fact that in the XXI century the spending of several billions of dollars daily for more sophisticated armaments and maintenance of military force continued, as well as multiplication of ethnic interconfessional and parareligious conflicts and rise of radical ideologies (extreme nationalism, chauvinism, religious fundamentalism, terrorism classic and cultural racism). The aim of this paper is to get an insight into cultural, systemic, economic, ideological and socio-structural background that has created concrete social conflicts in the last decade. It simultaneously attempts to uncover involutive dialectic of transition of structural social contradictories into systemic crisis, including genesis and main factors of transition of crisis into conflicts. The paper will also attempt to tell crucial moments in genesis of social conflicts, their bearers and phenomenal forms. ; U radu se nastoji pronići u determinante i uzroke društvenih protivrečnosti i sukoba koji su obeležili kraj drugog i početak trećeg milenijuma. Težište rada je na sistematizaciji činilaca koji se nalaze u pozadini najvećeg broja društvenih kriza i konflikata a koji se ispoljavaju kao različiti, suprotni i suprotstavljeni interesi i vrednosti. Analiza je usmerena i na sagledavanje šire istorijske, sistemske, idejne, socio-strukturne, političke i kulturne podloge na kojoj neposredno nastaju različite društvene krize i sukobi a koji su značajni sa stanovišta ugrožavanja bezbednosti.

The article analyzes the essence, stages of formation, key priorities, problems, as well as prospects for the development of the EU transport policy. It was stated that the so-called joint transport policy should be considered as a component of coordination and agreement of transport policies and processes at the level of international transport cooperation of the EU countries in general and some of them in particular. The author argued that the common transport policy of the EU (from stage to stage of its development) acquires more and more consolidated outlines, but it is still characterized by significant problems of logistical, infrastructural and political importance. It was noticed that the consolidation of the common transport policy of the EU directly depends on the level of integration of the EU members, but the former is more and more going beyond the EU. At the same time, it was recorded that the deterioration or slowing down of the development of the common transport policy of the EU occurs at the background of various crises and conflicts.

The relevance of the choice of this topic is due to: the evolutionary changes that have taken place in Russian society since the moment of political and economic transformations (late 80s, early 2000s); the adoption of an amendment to the Constitution of the Russian Federation in July 2020; administrative reforms and transformations of the executive power of the Russian Federation, etc. The article analyzes the views of pre-revolutionary (Russian) legal scholars, the first post-revolutionary ideas of scientists who attempted to give the concept and characteristics of the Marxist, then Soviet (socialist) legal relationship. The collapse of the socialist political system dealt a crushing blow to Russian basic and applied sciences. However, managerial ideas in the theory of Administrative Law exist to this day, although they have long ceased to have scientific and legislative support. A generalization of the works of Russian administrative is showed that our contemporaries continue to take a liking to the dogma of the administrative-legal relationship as a power relationship that arises in the sphere of public administration, where the dominant subject (a representative of the state) is dominant. In conclusion, destroying the existing stereotypes about the concept and essence of administrative-legal relations, it was concluded that the executive authorities, local self-government bodies in administrative legal relations do not have a large amount of rights in relation to citizens. In relations with citizens, they are only conductors of power. They are charged with the obligation to provide citizens and society with the opportunity to acquire constitutional rights and freedoms. The state must and must take on the challenges of our time. It is obliged to bear the burden of protecting and ensuring the safety of citizens, to fulfill social obligations, to be a regulator of public relations. Administrative Law regulates the relationship between the state and free people who, by virtue of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, have the right to express their will, opinion, and the right to use their freedoms to the fullest

The essence of a rent-oriented economic behavior is analyzed according to the theory of public choice is considered, and the sources of the formation of a rent and the motives of its appropriation in the political process are determined.

The concept and signs of extremism and its antisocial nature are considered. It is noted that the effectiveness of counteracting this or that negative social phenomenon largely depends on a correct understanding of its essence. It is stated that there is no consensus in the domestic legal science on the understanding of extremism. Basic concepts in the field of counteraction to extremism must be reflected in the legislation of Ukraine. At the present stage, it is advisable to adopt a special law on countering extremism in order to systematically counteract this negative phenomenon. To date, the issue of criminal and legal counteraction to the criminal manifestations of extremism is becoming increasingly relevant in Ukraine. Despite the fact that extremism is perceived by many scholars and law enforcement officials as a real phenomenon, it does not find legislative support. Extremism is prone to extreme views, especially in politics, and can threaten international law and order, territorial integrity of the state, political, economic and social stability. Although the term "extremism" is not used in the Criminal Code of Ukraine, committing a number of crimes may be related to the exercise of extremist activity, in particular: "Actions aimed at violently changing or overthrowing the constitutional order or seizing state power" (Art. 109 of the Criminal Code), "Attack on the territorial integrity and inviolability of Ukraine" (Article 110 of the Criminal Code), "Violation of equality of citizens depending on their racial, nationality, religious beliefs, disability and other grounds" (Article 161 of the Criminal Code), etc. That is why, it is considered necessary to consider the concept and signs of extremism, to explore its antisocial nature. After all, the effectiveness of counteracting this or that negative social phenomenon largely depends on the correct understanding of its essence. And in domestic legal science there is no consensus on the understanding of extremism. Basic concepts in the field of counteraction to extremism must be reflected in the legislation of Ukraine. At this stage, it is advisable to adopt a special law on combating extremism in order to systematically counteract this negative phenomenon. ; Розглядається поняття та ознаки екстремізму, його антисоціальна сутність. Зазначається, що ефективність протидії тому чи іншому негативному соціальному явищу в значній мірі залежить від правильного розуміння його сутності. Констатується, що у вітчизняній юридичній науці не досягнута єдність поглядів щодо розуміння екстремізму. Базові поняття у сфері протидії екстремізму повинні знайти своє відображення у законодавстві України. На сучасному етапі з метою системного забезпечення протидії цьому негативному явищу доцільно ухвалити спеціальний закон про протидію екстремізму. На сьогоднішній день в Україні все більшої актуальності набуває питання кримінально-правової протидії злочинним проявам екстремізму. Незважаючи на те, що багатьма науковцями та працівниками правоохоронних органів екстремізм сприймається як реально існуючий феномен, законодавчого закріплення він не знаходить. Екстремізм проявляється у схильності до крайніх поглядів, особливо у політиці і може являти загрозу міжнародному правопорядку та безпеці, територіальній цілісності держави, політичній, економічній та соціальній стабільності. Хоча в Кримінальному кодексі України сам термін «екстремізм» не використовується, вчинення цілої низки злочинів, може бути пов'язаним із здійсненням екстремістської діяльності, зокрема: «Дій, спрямовані на насильницьку зміну чи повалення конституційного ладу або на захоплення державної влади» (ст. 109 КК), «Посягання на територіальну цілісність і недоторканість України» (ст. 110 КК), «Порушення рівноправності громадян залежно від їх расової, національної належності, релігійних переконань, інвалідності та за іншими ознаками» (ст. 161 КК) тощо. Саме тому, вважається за необхідне розглянути поняття та ознаки екстремізму, дослідити його антисоціальну сутність. Адже ефективність протидії тому чи іншому негативному соціальному явищу в значній мірі залежить від правильного розуміння його сутності. А у вітчизняній юридичній науці не досягнута єдність поглядів щодо розуміння екстремізму. Базові поняття у сфері протидії екстремізму повинні знайти своє відображення у законодавстві України. На сучасному етапі з метою системного забезпечення протидії цьому негативному явищу доцільно ухвалити спеціальний закон про протидію екстремізму ; Розглядається поняття та ознаки екстремізму, його антисоціальна сутність. Зазначається, що ефективність протидії тому чи іншому негативному соціальному явищу в значній мірі залежить від правильного розуміння його сутності. Констатується, що у вітчизняній юридичній науці не досягнута єдність поглядів щодо розуміння екстремізму. Базові поняття у сфері протидії екстремізму повинні знайти своє відображення у законодавстві України. На сучасному етапі з метою системного забезпечення протидії цьому негативному явищу доцільно ухвалити спеціальний закон про протидію екстремізму. На сьогоднішній день в Україні все більшої актуальності набуває питання кримінально-правової протидії злочинним проявам екстремізму. Незважаючи на те, що багатьма науковцями та працівниками правоохоронних органів екстремізм сприймається як реально існуючий феномен, законодавчого закріплення він не знаходить. Екстремізм проявляється у схильності до крайніх поглядів, особливо у політиці і може являти загрозу міжнародному правопорядку та безпеці, територіальній цілісності держави, політичній, економічній та соціальній стабільності. Хоча в Кримінальному кодексі України сам термін «екстремізм» не використовується, вчинення цілої низки злочинів, може бути пов'язаним із здійсненням екстремістської діяльності, зокрема: «Дій, спрямовані на насильницьку зміну чи повалення конституційного ладу або на захоплення державної влади» (ст. 109 КК), «Посягання на територіальну цілісність і недоторканість України» (ст. 110 КК), «Порушення рівноправності громадян залежно від їх расової, національної належності, релігійних переконань, інвалідності та за іншими ознаками» (ст. 161 КК) тощо. Саме тому, вважається за необхідне розглянути поняття та ознаки екстремізму, дослідити його антисоціальну сутність. Адже ефективність протидії тому чи іншому негативному соціальному явищу в значній мірі залежить від правильного розуміння його сутності. А у вітчизняній юридичній науці не досягнута єдність поглядів щодо розуміння екстремізму. Базові поняття у сфері протидії екстремізму повинні знайти своє відображення у законодавстві України. На сучасному етапі з метою системного забезпечення протидії цьому негативному явищу доцільно ухвалити спеціальний закон про протидію екстремізму

У статті розкрито сутність поняття консолідованої фінансової звітності згідно трактування, наведеного у вітчизняному та міжнародному законодавстві, та з точки зору провідних науковців. При цьому, вивчено значення та основні методи процесу консолідації. Визначено основних користувачів консолідованої фінансової звітності та необхідність її складання для їх інформаційних потреб. Досліджено принципи та аспекти формування даних консолідованої фінансової звітності. Особливу увагу приділено дослідженню систематизації та впорядкуванню процедур консолідації фінансової звітності. The purpose of the article is to study the main aspects of the formation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with the requirements of domestic and international legal acts, which provide state regulation of accounting and financial reporting by related entities. The article describes the essence of the concept of consolidated financial statements in accordance with the interpretation given in domestic and international law, and from the perspective of leading scholars. At the same time, the significance and basic methods of the consolidation process have been studied. The main users of the consolidated financial statements and the need to compile them for their information needs are identified. The principles and aspects of forming consolidated financial statements data are investigated. Particular attention is paid to the study of systematization and streamlining of consolidation procedures for financial reporting. The consolidated financial statements should reflect the financial position and results of its business activities, to meet the needs of internal and external users and enable management to make impartial decisions. The method of compiling consolidated financial statements is rather complicated as it is related to the necessity of eliminating the articles. Normative legal regulation of consolidated financial statements in Ukraine is carried out in accordance with international and national standards. For more complete and effective compilation of consolidated financial statements, guidelines and provisions that take into account the specifics of industries and contain specific instructions for the formulation of consolidated financial statements need to be developed.

The purpose of the paper is to analyze the concept of Being in later Heidegger's philosophy with regard to its contexts in the study of poetry. The scrutiny, being guided by the recent interpretations, focuses on Heidegger's turnabout that resulted in the renunciation of the metaphysical intuition of Being as some infinitely continuing state. The later Heidegger shifted from the task of understanding Being to considering it only as happening. The Being was since then construed as the emergent appropriating event (Ereignis), i. e., a break in familiarity with beings as a whole and at the same time the condition of the inception of a new familiarity or everydayness. According to Heidegger, this catastrophic and at the same time favorable, inceptive event does not exist permanently, but only unpredictably occurs sometimes. That is why the construal of Being as event implies in the first place the breakup of the shared senses of everydayness. However, Being gives us beings as a whole by appropriating sense to them and turning them into the familiar and accessible environment which is suitable for untroubled dwelling. The givenness of beings as a whole makes them "our own" and thereby ensures our identity and distinguishes us from the Other. Thus, Being as event, bringing the once-established identity into question, every time raise anew the problem of the Other. Accordingly, the essence of poetry that is for Heidegger mainly exemplified by F.Hölderlin's poems is considered to be the ability to reveal Being in exactly the same way as it is inherent in the appropriating event. Heidegger therefore argues that poetry is essential for the formation of the national identity and the notion of the Other.

The paper considers globalism as viewed from ontological theory and its social manifestations primarily in respect of the aspect of “a person in a situation of globalism”. The latter can be described in sociological or psychological terms, but in the work this aspect is understood in the socio-philosophical sense, that is, when it undergoes an analysis of the transformation of a person as a cultural-historical type.

It is noted that in “globalism” we can distinguish at least two qualities, internal and external, - one, internal, related to the political and economic (social) content of this concept, that is, with the essence of globalism, the other, external, expresses a set of phenomena and processes of external, “visible”, measured, presented in the forms of economic and social activity, mediated by the introduction of high technologies, means of communication, etc. The internal (socio-economic) basis of modern globalism is made up, therefore, is predetermined and mediated by other, subordinate, its aspects, the capitalist mode of production and the imperialistic nature of the claims of capitalism. A person loses the “former entirety of his nature”, becomes a function of a thing, an element in the functional interaction of things, from whom it is required to develop one of his side natures (employee), his needs (at other people’s expense) to hypertrophied dimensions. It is shown how this is manifested in the field of education reform.

The conclusion is drawn: the cultivation of the supersubstantial spiritual wealth of the masses is not the goal of any of the areas of immaterial activity in the era of globalism.

Modernisation of the European Union or just another modifi cation? Such a dilemma appears regularly during all inter-governmental conferences, specially before and after approving another revision treaty for the European Union. To answer such a question, fi rst the essence and meaning of these terms has to be explained, and to do so, the best option is to refer to their etymology. And so, according to the PWN "Dictionary of Foreign Words", 'modification' »latin modification = measuring« is a change, transformation, remake; a modifi ed object, while 'modernisation' »fr. moderne = modern« is making something modern or making something contemporary'. Therefore, modernisation shall mean a broader and deeper process, these are actions leading to radical transformations and changes as compared to modifi cation, which usually precedes modernisation. It may then be said that as far as the European Union is concerned, commencing from its origination by the Maastricht treaty of 7th February 1992 till the latest revision treaty, i.e. the Lisbon treaty which became eff ective on 1st December 2009, we only witnessed its successive (permanent) modifi cation, that is slow transformations which were generally named extension and enhancement processes. Today, after nearly twenty years of remakes and use, the European Union needs not only a radical overhaul but rather modernisation, meaning its update and adapting to contemporary times. Today, the European Union requires adaptation to challenges and requirements of the 21st century determined by acceleration and globalisation progressing within all spheres of life.