Suchergebnisse

Assessing an adversary's control over state agents, particularly military forces, when planning coercive strategies; implications for US policy. Highlights US and allied policy in the Bosnia conflict.

View that peacekeeping organizations, especially the UN, need intelligence services to protect troops and ensure mission success; focus on operational/tactical level intelligence, and, to some extent, on the national strategic level; Swedish perspective.

Role played by the Antarctic Treaty system in shaping the behavior of Argentina and Great Britain in both the Falkland Islands invasion, and the territorial claims by both parties in the Antarctic region.

Based on seminar presentation. Some emphasis on the effect of the "Open Skies" treaty that will permit aircraft overflights to increase transparency and build confidence among 23 participating states.

We analyze the operational, institutional, and normative evolution of peace operations, intending to highlight discourses and practices that sought to model this peaceful mechanism of international politics. United Nations peace operations are central to our analysis but we recognize that other international organizations have a similar tool. The reason for choosing them is justified by the universal character of both troop mobilization and the possibility of geographical deployment sites, as well as the complex operational structure and various political actors present in this type of deployment. We start presenting how peace operations are divided into three stages: classic or traditional (during the Cold War), transition phase (1990s), and the consolidation of complex operations, from the perspective of sustainable peace in which the conditions necessary to provide political stability and security for society fall on the peace process conducted by the United Nations peace operations. In the last section, we discuss recent developments in practices and discourses associated with peace operations in which terms such as local empowerment, human security, and prevention become more prominent and operational, often disputed by those who evaluate the results of these mechanisms.

Adolescent girls in the poorest villages of Upper Egypt, who were kept from school by poverty and other obstacles, face a bleak future that will replicate the poverty and disadvantage of their own families. This stark picture of vulnerability encouraged four long-standing nongovernmental organizations working in Egypt—Caritas, CEDPA (Centre for Development and Population Activities), the Population Council, and Save the Children—to create a multidimensional program for 13–15-year-old out-of-school girls. The pilot intervention, known locally as Ishraq, sought to transform girls' lives by changing gender norms and community perceptions about girls' roles in society while bringing them safely and confidently into the public sphere. The story of that pilot program and the changes it has brought about is the subject of this report. Ishraq represents a model of collaboration between government, local communities, NGOs, and international agencies, leading to sustainable national partnerships. Indeed, as the Ishraq program expands and receives increasing national and international recognition, other countries facing similar challenges have begun to examine the Ishraq model.