Suchergebnisse

The author focuses on the European Union and the domestic legislative framework related to the definition of "active farmer", underlining its critical points and its ambiguities. The author proposes some indications on the reasons of the failure of the model of active farmer introduced by EU legislation in order to make European Union action more efficient, with a view to containing expenditure in the agricultural sector. According to the author, the reasons for the failure derive from a lack of clarity on the real needs that the European Union and domestic bodies want to express through the filter of the active farmer. The author underlines how these regulatory measures have had an exclusive interest: a reduction in expenses, by postponing the identification and implementation of concrete measures to a wide discretionary power of individual member states. This context, according to the author, has in fact determined that the role of active farmer has been rendered meaningless and has led to a weakening of efficient action to protect the financial interests of the European Union.

In response to rising popular disenchantment with elected officials, numerous scholars have sought to defend politics and restate why it matters. For the most part, however, these theoretical arguments overlook the views and reflections of politicians themselves. As a step towards filling this gap, the author surveys politician-centred studies from around the world and the reflections of academics who have become politicians. By paying careful attention to what 'insiders' say about life in politics, the author constructs a practical rather than theoretical defence of the vocation and the people who undertake it. The author argues that politicians' views remind one that human endeavour is central to the purpose and function of politics and associated political institutions. To link the practical views and experiences of politicians with the emerging literature on demonisation, the author revisits the work of Arendt and Weber. The author concludes that while one may not always like who politicians are or the ways they operate, revaluing endeavour allows one to give credit where credit is due; politicians may regularly disappoint people but representative democracy does not work without them.

In response to rising popular disenchantment with elected officials, numerous scholars have sought to defend politics and restate why it matters. For the most part, however, these theoretical arguments overlook the views and reflections of politicians themselves. As a step towards filling this gap, the author surveys politician-centred studies from around the world and the reflections of academics who have become politicians. By paying careful attention to what 'insiders' say about life in politics, the author constructs a practical rather than theoretical defence of the vocation and the people who undertake it. The author argues that politicians' views remind one that human endeavour is central to the purpose and function of politics and associated political institutions. To link the practical views and experiences of politicians with the emerging literature on demonisation, the author revisits the work of Arendt and Weber. The author concludes that while one may not always like who politicians are or the ways they operate, revaluing endeavour allows one to give credit where credit is due; politicians may regularly disappoint people but representative democracy does not work without them.

Статья посвящена гностическому исследованию понятия «суфизм». Рассмотрено множество его значений, исходя из которых выявлено этимологическое и философское определение этого понятия. Автором также затронуты исторические аспекты суфизма, когда в начале XIX в. он получил широкое распространение в Дагестане. Активизация его усилилась в связи с последующим развитием военных действий на Кавказе. Автором обращено особое внимание на этику ислама, основанную на культуре традиций толерантности, покорности, а также на проблему политизации этой религии и ее причины. Отмечено, что генезис понятия «суфизм» многогранен и неоднозначен. ; This artical considers gnostical study of the concept «sufism».The author educes ethimological and philosophical definithions of the concept with regard to its polysemy. Moreover, the author investigates historical aspects of sufism, highlighting the beginning of the XIXth century when it became widespread within Dagestan territory. Due to further military activities in the Caucasus region, sufism expansion was more consolidated. The author emphasizes the ethics of Islam that is based on the culture of tolerance and humbleness. Besides, the author highlights the reasons of politicization of Islam. The author reveals the complicated character of genesis of the concept «sufism».

In contemporary American jurisprudence, there are many different
legal-theoretical courses, orientations and legal schools. In this work, the
author tries to analyze jusnaturalism and legal positivism. The reason for
commitment for these two legal theories the author finds in the fact that
they are actually modern forms of theories with a rich philosophical
tradition. The paper argues that the jusnaturalism is the oldest
philosophical tradition. Legal positivism was developed in opposition to
jusnaturalism in the mid-19th century. The author points out that
contemporary American jurisprudence marks the conflict between jusnaturalism
and legal positivism. The main reason for their disagreement is the question
of the relationship between law and morality. The paper analyzes the
differences between the modern version of legal positivism and jusnaturalism
and their classical theories. It is noticeable that the modern versions are
purified and softened versions of the classic theories. The author concludes
that a kind of mitigation of positivist-jusnaturalism dispute has already
begun. Finally, the author allows that in the further development of
contemporary American jurisprudence a significant convergence of legal
positivism and jusnaturalism can reasonably be expected.

In this performative play without speech, the author demonstrates the various acrobatic negotiations she makes in her everyday life as a transnational feminist educational researcher who was born in India, raised in Canada, and educated and employed in higher education in the U.S. The author uses silence as a space of reflection, resistance, adaptation, retreat, and freedom in order to challenge the duality of silence and voice where silence is seen as the absence of voice. The author presents her negotiations in academia as a set of acrobatic moves in response to her everyday circumstances. She also demonstrates that for her home is always a shifting concept that continues to force her to shuttle between multiple national identities. The author uses the works of Kamala Visweswaran and Inderpal Grewal to theorize nomadic, diasporic, and transnational subject positions and ways in which silence and voice function. Using the form of silence as a performance, the author invites readers to find their own entry points of identification, resistance, and points that transcend both identification with and resistance to the scenes with which she works, works out, and plays.

On Sources of Structural Injustice: A Feminist Reading of the Theory of Iris M. Young
The author focuses on a critical theory of justice and democracy by Iris Marion Young. Young's normative approach to justice and the institutional framework of inclusive democracy develops out of her critique of injustice. In the first section the author explains Young's approach to structural injustice, which she conceptualizes in terms of domination and oppression. In the second part the author elucidates Young's concept of the politics of difference and inclusive democracy. In this context Young differentiates between social and cultural groups; this enables her to take into consideration the political significance of group differences. The author goes on to present Young's critical theory of gender based on the notion of women as a social structural group. Young argues that gender refers to social structures that shape relations of subordination and oppression rather than to identity. In the final part the author discusses the application of Young's concept of structural injustice at a transnational level. Finally, she concludes with an outline for a feminist reading of the concept of structural injustice in a transnational context.

В данной статье автор делает попытку выявить и оценить характерные черты и закономерности процессов, происходящих в данный момент на постсоветском пространстве. На основании своих выводов автор предлагает возможные сценарии развития ситуации. При этом разбираются позиции ключевых игроков на этой территории, указываются декларируемые ими цели и рассматриваются возможности их достижения. Особое внимание автор уделяет роли России в политико-экономической ситуации на постсоветском пространстве. В статье разбираются возможности России по увеличению товарооборота, укреплению политических и культурных связей со своими соседями. ; In given article the author does attempt to reveal and estimate characteristic features and laws of the processes occurring at present on the post-Soviet territory. On the basis of the conclusions the author offers possible scenarios of development of a situation. Author analyses the balance of powers in the region, observes main actors, their aims and their abilities to reach these aims. Author gives special attention to the role of Russia in a political and economic situation in CIS. Author tries to reveal the ways to increase goods turnover, to strengthen political and a cultural contacts between Russia and its neighbours.

Abstract
The author of this paper gives a detailed semiotic analysis to the dynamic change of individualism and collectivism, the main cultural concepts shared by Westerners and Easterners respectively. The author believes that the rise of memetics has contributed immensely to dynamic semiotics and dynamic semiotic analysis, in turn, is made more applicable to many branches of learning in general and to intercultural communication in particular. The author ventures that individualism and collectivism seem opposed to each other, they can be unified and fused as a result of memetic movement including memetic spreading, selection and memetic quality variation. Intercultural communicators can possess at the same time both desirable individualistic and collectivistic concepts in the process of intercultural communication as a result of semiotic production. Such tendency is justified by the existence of androgyny in human character. The author, in the meantime, gives a semiotic analysis to intercultural communicators' cultural structure. The author concludes that interculture is the nature of the cultural structure of intercultural communicators, a semiotic mixture which is different from their home culture or the target culture.

"Theory of mind is the ability that allows us to decipher human behavior by understanding the desires, beliefs, intentions, and motivations of others and our own. It also permits us to predict others' behavior and model our own in order to act morally toward others. Moral judgment (the ability to appraise whether an intention or the outcome of an action is good or bad) involves mental state understanding, especially when detecting other's intentions. Because the relationship between theory of mind and moral judgment in early and middle childhood is far from being clearly understood, we conducted a scoping review that allowed us to advance valuable avenues for future research. Of the 34 papers initially identified in five databases (Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, PsycInfo, and ResearchGate), 20 studies were eligible and analyzed concerning their main results and the assessments used for both theory of mind and moral judgment. Most studies reported a direct relationship (one study identifying even bidirectional links) between the two variables of interest. A discussion regarding the implications and future directions is put forward to advance research in children's understanding of their worlds (internal and external) in a socio-moral way. Keywords: theory of mind, moral judgment, children, autism, scoping review "

Intro -- About the Author -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- 1 Rising Tide -- 2 Flood -- 3 Becalmed -- 4 Pitch and Toss -- 5 Ebb Tide -- 6 Still Waters -- 7 Pearl Divers -- From the Author -- List of Illustrations -- End Notes.

The author analyzes the relationship among atomism, pluralism, & democracy from the standpoint of contemporary Rawlsian & Kafkian theory of justice. The author views fairness & justice as forms of substituting democratic decision making in multicultural communities. Adapted from the source document.

The author analyzes the relationship among atomism, pluralism, & democracy from the standpoint of contemporary Rawlsian & Kafkian theory of justice. The author views fairness & justice as forms of substituting democratic decision making in multicultural communities. Adapted from the source document.

[2], 222 p. ; The name of the author, David Calderwood, appears on p. 222, though he is not named as the author. ; Printer's name and place of publication from STC. ; Reproduction of the original in the Folger Shakespeare Library.