Grantees who receive funds will learn how the need to comply. ; This presentation covers A memo released by the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) on February 22, 2013 stating that: −Each Federal agency with over $100 million in annual conduct of research and development expenditures was directed to develop a plan to support increased public access to the results of research funded by the Federal Government. −This included any results published in peer-reviewed scholarly publications and data that are based on research that directly arises from Federal funds. ; http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/134682/1/Public Access for Federally Funded Research.pdf ; Description of Public Access for Federally Funded Research.pdf : Presentation on the Public Access for Federally Funded Research
The science is unequivocal: stabilizing climate change implies bringing net carbon emissions to zero. And this must be done by 2100 if we are to keep climate change anywhere near the 2 C. degree warming that world leaders have set as the maximum acceptable limit. Decarbonizing Development looks at what it would take to decarbonize the world economy by 2100 in a way that is compatible with countries' broader development goals. It argues that the following are needed: Act early with an eye on the end-goal; Go beyond prices with a policy package that triggers changes in investment patterns, technologies and behaviors; Mind the political economy and smooth the transition for those who stand to be most affected.
Статья посвящена формированию внешнеполитического курса администрации В. Вильсона в отношении охваченной революцией Мексики (1913-1915 гг.). Важность этого направления определялась стратегическими интересами Белого дома в Латинской Америке. Основу политики Вильсона в мексиканском вопросе определяли поиски адекватных мер, совмещавшие либеральные ценности, провозглашенные в ходе избирательной кампании 1912 г., с необходимостью мирного разрешения чрезвычайной ситуации, сложившейся на южных рубежах США. ; The article deals with the formation of Woodrow Wilson's policy towards the Mexican revolution. The importance of this direction was determined by U.S. strategic interests in Latin America. Its foundations lay in searching for adequate means that would combine liberal values, which were proclaimed during the 1912 electoral campaign, with the necessity to resolve the alarming situation existing on the southern frontier
This paper takes up the issue of the flexibility of inflation targeting regimes, with the specific goal of determining whether the monetary policy of the Bank of England, which has a formal inflation target, has been any less flexible than that of the Federal Reserve, which does not have such a target. The empirical analysis uses the speed of inflation forecast convergence, estimated from professional forecasters' predictions at successive forecast horizons, to gauge the perceived flexibility of the central bank's response to macroeconomic shocks. Based on this criterion, there is no evidence to suggest that the Bank of England's inflation target has compelled it to be more aggressive in pursuit of low inflation than the Federal Reserve.
The basic reasons of unfavorable environment for realization of investments are investigated. The public policy is offered for account as factor of uncertainty. The directions of government policies that increase the risk of investment in publishing and printing industry are analyzed. The choice of main factors of process equipment to minimize risks is grounded. ; Проанализированы направления государственной политики, которые повышают риск инвестиционной деятельности в издательско-полиграфической отрасли. Обоснованы факторы выбора основного технологического оборудования направленные на минимизацию рисков. ; Досліджені основні причини несприятливого середовища для здійснення інвестицій. Запропоновано як чинник невизначеності враховувати громадську політику. Проаналізовані напрями державної політики, які підвищують ризики інвестиційної діяльності у видавничо-поліграфічній галузі. Обґрунтовані фактори вибору основного технологічного обладнання спрямовані на мінімізацію ризиків.
Тихомирова Євгенія Борисівна - доктор політичних наук, професор, завідувач кафедри міжнародної інформації Волинського національного університету імені Лесі Українки ; Проаналізовано комунікаційну політику Європейського Союзу в контексті встановлення балансу між транспарентністю та інформаційною безпекою ЄС. Визначається її спрямованість на формування транспарентності інституцій ЄС та застосування заходів щодо інформаційною безпекою європейського суспільства. Характеризуються основні завдання структур ЄС у забезпеченні транспарентності інформаційної безпеки і безпеки транспарентності. ; The communication policy ofthe European Union in the context ofensuring a balance between transparency and information security of the EU is analyzed. By itsfocus on theformation oftransparency ofEU institutions and activities in information security ofEuropean society is defined. By the main tasks of the EU structures to ensure transparency of information security and transparency are characterized.
The basic reasons of unfavorable environment for realization of investments are investigated. The public policy is offered for account as factor of uncertainty. The directions of government policies that increase the risk of investment in publishing and printing industry are analyzed. The choice of main factors of process equipment to minimize risks is grounded. ; Проанализированы направления государственной политики, которые повышают риск инвестиционной деятельности в издательско-полиграфической отрасли. Обоснованы факторы выбора основного технологического оборудования направленные на минимизацию рисков. ; Досліджені основні причини несприятливого середовища для здійснення інвестицій. Запропоновано як чинник невизначеності враховувати громадську політику. Проаналізовані напрями державної політики, які підвищують ризики інвестиційної діяльності у видавничо-поліграфічній галузі. Обґрунтовані фактори вибору основного технологічного обладнання спрямовані на мінімізацію ризиків.
The basic reasons of unfavorable environment for realization of investments are investigated. The public policy is offered for account as factor of uncertainty. The directions of government policies that increase the risk of investment in publishing and printing industry are analyzed. The choice of main factors of process equipment to minimize risks is grounded. ; Проанализированы направления государственной политики, которые повышают риск инвестиционной деятельности в издательско-полиграфической отрасли. Обоснованы факторы выбора основного технологического оборудования направленные на минимизацию рисков. ; Досліджені основні причини несприятливого середовища для здійснення інвестицій. Запропоновано як чинник невизначеності враховувати громадську політику. Проаналізовані напрями державної політики, які підвищують ризики інвестиційної діяльності у видавничо-поліграфічній галузі. Обґрунтовані фактори вибору основного технологічного обладнання спрямовані на мінімізацію ризиків.
The paper discusses a number of threats to the financial sustainability of social spending: increased internationalization of national economies, gradually higher relative costs of producing a number of human services, the "graying" of the population, slower productivity growth in the private sector, low employment rates, and various types of disincentive effects related to the welfare state itself, including moral hazard. I argue that threats from gradually rising costs of providing human services and disincentive effects of welfare-state arrangements, in particular moral hazard and benefit dependency, are more difficult to deal with than the other threats. I also discuss the choice between ad hoc policy reforms and automatic adjustment mechanisms, delegated to administrative bodies, for dealing with these threats.
The paper discusses a number of threats to the financial sustainability of social spending: increased internationalization of national economies, gradually higher relative costs of producing a number of human services, the ?graying? of the population, slower productivity growth in the private sector, low employment rates, and various types of disincentive effects related to the welfare state itself, including moral hazard. I argue that threats from gradually rising costs of providing human services and disincentive effects of welfare-state arrangements, in particular moral hazard and benefit dependency, are more difficult to deal with than the other threats. I also discuss the choice between ad hoc policy reforms and automatic adjustment mechanisms, delegated to administrative bodies, for dealing with these threats.
Interventions to 'improve' the human condition through democratic and capitalist ideals increasingly draw on capital and markets to influence governance in line with Western mandates of state building. As a major recent example, Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation 'plus' (REDD+) develops new market regimes to govern, finance, and trade carbon in line with donor discourses of civil liberties, market expansion, and, more broadly, state building. Emerging REDD + networks that aim to finance and trade carbon now align with the conditionality and ideals of democratic governance, transparency, and accountability through processes of institution building (for state stability). This paper examines the connection between REDD + projects and state-making ideals in policy and practice as bilaterals and NGOs fuse the conditions and governance of one with the other. In the Lao PDR we argue that the governance machinery and interventions associated with REDD + facilitate governance agendas to manage people, goods, and carbon in line with Western narratives of robust governance, free markets, and integrity. We contend that the adoption of REDD + will nudge local markets and governance in this postsocialist bureaucracy toward such principles, but in ways that partly reinforce the state's longer term political and economic objectives. We conclude that, rather than conserve carbon per se, REDD + governance reflects a tempered, less absolute 'extraterritoriality', where its transnational influence is differentiated depending on how assumptions and ideals align with state motives in the context of forest governance, democratic reform, and rural development.
The United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (or Rio+20) was conceived at a time of great concern for the health of the world economy. In this atmosphere 'green economy' was chosen as one of two central themes for the conference, building on a burgeoning body of literature on the green economy and growth. This research examines the relationship and influence between the double crisis and the rise of 'greening' as part of the solution. The aim is to understand what defines and distinguishes the proposals contained in twenty-four sources on the green economy (including policy documents by international agencies and think tanks, and research papers), and what is the meaning and implication of the rising greening agenda for sustainable development as it enters the 21st century. Through a systematic qualitative analysis of textual material, three categories of discourse that can illuminate the meaning and implication of greening are identified: 'almost business as usual', 'greening', and 'all change'. An analysis of their relationship with Dryzek's classification of environmental discourse leads to the identification of three interrelated patterns: (1) scarcity and limits, (2) means and ends, and (3) reductionism and unity—which deepen our understanding of the tensions between emerging propositions. The patterns help explain the meaning and implications of greening for sustainable development, revealing an economisation and polarisation of discourses, the persisting weak interpretation of sustainable development, and a tension between the fixing or shifting of dominant socioeconomic paradigms that underpin its conceptualisation.
The problem of water overallocation in many regions of the world involves how to include environmental flow provisions for long-term sustainability of river systems, especially under scarce supply conditions. Market mechanisms have provided pathways for returning water to rivers for environmental use. We argue that it is important to consider how both market mechanisms and initial water allocation models contribute to achieving satisfactory environmental flow outcomes. The Murray-Darling Basin (MDB) in Australia has had policy processes applied to it for almost twenty years to address these issues, and provides an excellent basis for case-study analysis. Two MDB case studies are used to consider differences in the interpretation and implementation of environmental flow requirements, and the potential for institutional inertia of the systems within which water markets operate. We identify two simplified models from these case studies—one prioritising environmental rights above consumptive extraction and the other prioritising consumptive and environmental rights equally. However, neither of these case-study models provides the full environmental flow spectrum of base in-stream flows to over-bank flush events. Our findings suggest that combining allocation and market-based rights (a third model) offers an effective means to deliver full-spectrum environmental flows. If governments provide prioritised environmental rights for base in-stream ecosystem benefits, together with targeted temporary and permanent water market acquisitions to meet environmental needs associated with over-bank floods and flushes, there will be lower potential for shortfalls relative to targeted environmental flow outcomes.
