Suchergebnisse

Данная статья продолжает серию исследований, посвященных дальнейшему совершенствованию норм, составляющих главу 22 Уголовного кодекса Российской Федерации. Автор проводит анализ исследований учёных, посвящённых проблемам, возникающим при практическом применении указанных норм. На основании проведённых исследований автор обоснованно формулирует собственные выводы о концепции дальнейшего реформирования данной главы УК РФ. ; The development of criminal law of the Russian Federation protecting social relations in the economic sphere is impossible without the scientific conception base. The conception involves a definite balance between criminalization of new acts and decriminalization of the acts for which the criminal responsibility is established by the law in Chapter 22 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. This balance was not practically followed in the Criminal Code by the legislator. In fact, there was an imbalance towards criminalization of new acts. During this period only four acts were decriminalized: pseudo-entrepreneurship (Art. 173 of the CC of the RF); misleading advertisement (Art.182 of the CC of the RF); smuggling (Art.188 of the CC of the RF); consumer fraud (Art. 200 of the CC of the RF). At the same time Chapter 22 was supplemented by more than ten novels. On the one hand, it should be noted that criminalization may eliminate gaps in current criminal law that protects social relations in the economic sphere. On the other hand, in the result of criminalization there is a danger of rising a law, which establishes criminal responsibility for the commission of acts, that is neither socially dangerous nor ''abortive''. The latter is referred to the novels that establish criminal responsibility for hostile takeover, illegal gambling, as well as ''fly-by-night companies'' and were introduced into Chapter 22 of the CC of RF in 2010-2011. Many other laws comprising Chapter 22 can be similarly characterized. In this case decriminalization of the relevant laws is under consideration. Decriminalization of acts in the economic sphere is appropriate not only by means of making them in torts. Due to the law analysis it becomes clear that some laws are special to those laws which establish criminal responsibility for crimes where social relations in the economic sphere cannot be the subject. Article 176 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, as an example, sets forth responsibility for illegal lending. This act is considered to be fraud with infringement on property. Article 176 of the CC of the RF is virtually aimed at protection of social relations in the economic sphere. In connection with the introduction of Article 159.1 into Chapter 21 of the CC of the RF, which establishes responsibility for lending fraud, decriminalization of illegal lending is a major aspect (Art.180 of the CC of the RF). The conception of development of criminal law protecting social relations in the economic sphere cannot be either only criminalization or only decriminal-ization of acts. However, in present-day social and economic conditions decriminalization of acts is certain to be an important feature of the conception.

From the perspective of Goffman's theories of self-presentation, travel blogs can be described as narratives that indicate the different roles occupied by an individual's online self. A blogger may discursively position the self as a traveler, rather than a tourist, a dichotomy that underpins much critical debate in the area of travel and tourism studies, thus creating tensions within the blog. These tensions are heightened when blogs presented as accounts of travel are published as guidebooks or books that promote tourism. It can be argued that in such cases the act of publishing commercializes these narratives and introduces an element of touristic discourse. Moreover, the choice of either a legacy publisher or a self-publishing service can have implications for how a travel blogger may be presented and perceived as a reputable published author. Against this background, this article explores how travel blogs negotiate the discursive tensions produced as a result of the presentation of various aspects of self, particularly as a published author and as a traveler as opposed to a tourist.

The research is devoted to the analysis of the 'narrative about the author' in interviews with contemporary writers. Modern literary process is characterized by reconfiguration and reevaluation of the writerreader- text system. The author's persona, their direct speech intended for different types of readership are coming to the fore. In interviews, a special 'narrative about the author' (self-identification as a writer) is formed. The author of the article comes to a conclusion that writers are faced with the necessity of public self-reflection, self-commenting, i. e. creation of a metatext – a second-order text about one's own creative work; they become self-interpreters, gaining the ability to influence the reader's perception vectors, while shifting from the sphere of the sacred to the sphere of consumption. Text as a communication act ceases to be alienated from the author (the author-text-reader relationship becomes horizontal), the reader perceives the work through the model of personality that the writer has presented to the public. It is necessary to study the author's narrative of self-representation as a system of voluntary or repressive conventions adopted by the author (narrative framework), restrictions imposed by the author on themselves, and ways of their representation, taking into account the problem of verification of this self-representation. The way the 'narrative about the author' is arranged is determined by many factors; the description of those can serve as an illustration of the dynamics of modern writers' views on the essence of literary creativity and the mission of the writer in the time of literary centrality coming to collapse. The study of the 'narrative about the author' is relevant in the context of understanding the complexity of determining the main artistic trends of the present time. The research is based on the material of interviews with the writer E. Vodolazkin devoted to his novel Lavr.