Suchergebnisse

In Karim Aïnouz's debut feature film Madame Satã (2002), the protagonist yearns to be a cross-dressing performer. Based on the historical figure João Francisco dos Santos, the protagonist is black, poor, gay, and a criminal in the Brazil of the 1930s. An examination of his body as a nexus of these factors and the film's portrayal of it in the context of queer theory, film history, and social discourses of gender, race, and class and in cinematic terms demonstrates that, while he is able to express his fluid gender identity temporarily through performance, the protagonist is unable to escape his social position as regulated by the intersectionality of his gender identity with other factors.En el primer largometraje de Karim Aïnouz, Madame Satã (2002), el protagonista anhela ser un artista travesti. Basado en la figura histórica de João Francisco dos Santos, dicho protagonista es negro, pobre, homosexual y criminal en el Brasil de la década de 1930. El artículo analiza su cuerpo como nexo entre estos factores y la manera en que es representado en la película a partir de una perspectiva teórica queer, de la historia del cine y los discursos sociales de género, raza y clase, así como de la técnica cinematográfica. Si por un lado el personaje es capaz de expresar su fluida identidad de género temporalmente a través de la interpretación, por otro es incapaz de escapar su posición social, la cual está regulada por la interseccionalidad entre su identidad de género y otros factores.

A Home Away from Home examines the significance of Caribbean American mutual aid societies and benevolent associations to the immigrant experience, particularly their implications for the formation of a Pan-Caribbean American identity and Black diasporic politics.At the turn of the twentieth century, New York City exploded with the establishment of mutual aid societies and benevolent associations. Caribbean immigrants, especially women, eager to find their place in a bustling new world, created these organizations, including the West Indian Benevolent Association of New York City, founded in 1884. They served as forums for discussions on Caribbean American affairs, hosted cultural activities, and provided newly arrived immigrants with various forms of support, including job and housing assistance, rotating lines of credit, help in the naturalization process, and its most popular function—sickness and burial assistance. In examining the number of these organizations, their membership, and the functions they served, Tyesha Maddox argues that mutual aid societies not only fostered a collective West Indian ethnic identity among immigrants from specific islands, but also strengthened kinship networks with those back home in the Caribbean. Especially important to these processes were Caribbean women such as Elizabeth Hendrickson, co-founder of the American West Indian Ladies' Aid Society in 1915 and the Harlem Tenants' League in 1928.Immigrant involvement in mutual aid societies also strengthened the belief that their own fate was closely intertwined with the social, economic, and political welfare of the Black international community. A Home Away from Home demonstrates how Caribbean American mutual aid societies and benevolent associations in many ways became proto-Pan-Africanist organizations

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates gendered patterns of corruption and access to illicit networks among female cross-border traders near the Senegambian border. Despite a discourse of generosity and solidarity, access to corrupt networks is mediated by class and gender, furthering social differentiation, especially insofar as it depends on geographic and socio-economic affinity with customs officers, state representatives and well-connected transporters. Issues of organisational culture, occupational identity and interpersonal negotiations of power represent important sources of corruption that require an understanding of the actual dynamics of public administration. While smuggling depends on contesting legal and social boundaries, the most successful traders (and transporters) strive to fulfil ideal gender roles as closely as possible. Ironically, trading on poverty and feminine vulnerability only works for relatively affluent women.

Dedication -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- List of Abbreviations and Acronyms -- 1: Introduction: Gender, Islamophobia and the Security Discourse -- The Context: Islamophobia, Orientalism and the Security Discourse -- The Research Method -- Structure of the Book -- Bibliography -- 2: Muslims, South Asians and the Pakistani Community in Britain: Intersecting Security, Identity and Belonging -- British and Muslim: A Politicized Identity -- South Asian Communities and the 'Politics' of (Re)presentation -- Securing the Self: Understanding the 'Home-­Grown' Muslim Threat

AbstractIn recent years, there have been multiple calls for public administration scholars to adopt an intersectional approach to the study of diversity within public organizations. This paper empirically examines the simultaneous influence of multiple dimensions of individual identity on employee burnout. We advance a better understanding of disparities in individual well-being outcomes for public servants. Using conservation of resource (COR) theory and applied intersectionality, we systematically measure and model differential vulnerabilities to emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and loss of personal accomplishment for individuals at the intersection of gender, racial, and generational identities. Using survey data on local government employees across two neighboring large cities in California, we use ordinary least squares and ordered logit models to estimate the impact of intersectional identities on different dimensions of burnout. Our results show that younger generations of women of color are particularly vulnerable to burnout, but the experience of burnout is not uniform across groups, with each dimension of burnout revealing different vulnerable groups. These findings highlight the importance of deconstructing burnout into its discrete dimensions to better understand the experience of different socio-demographic groups of employees and develop culturally competent strategies to better support an increasingly diverse public workforce.

Abstract
In 2014, the Indian Supreme Court passed the landmark NALSA v. Union of India judgment that not only granted transgender persons the right to self-identify their gender but also recognized their right to equitable and accessible education. Further, in 2018, the apex court passed another landmark judgment in the case of Navtej Singh Johar & Ors. v. Union of India, reading down Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code, and, therefore, decriminalizing consensual adult homosexual sex acts. In the backdrop of these landmark judgments – i.e. in post-NALSA and post-377 India – identity and community questions pertaining to transgender, gender non-conforming, and non-binary persons' access to and presence in educational institutions in India have intensified. Focusing on science institutions, this paper attempts to delineate the ways in which proximal and distal networks of caste-class and gender shape transgender, gender non-conforming, and non-binary persons' exclusion from and belonging in science collectivities. Further, this paper also investigates how transgender persons' sense of belonging to certain communities speaks to their shifting epistemic dispositions. Finally, contextualizing transpersons' negotiations in science communities and individual and collective scales as 'unstable and hybrid assemblages', this paper demonstrates the ways in which trans collectives in science institutions radicalize community building and development in these institutional spaces by interrupting dominant institutional cultures and practices.

The Internet is a space where the harassment of women and marginalised groups online has attracted the attention of both academic and popular press. Feminist research has found that instances of online sexism and harassment are often reframed as "acceptable" by constructing them as a form of humour. Following this earlier research, this present paper explores a uniquely technologically-bound type of humour by adopting a feminist, social-constructionist approach to examine the content of popular Internet memes. Using thematic analysis on a sample of 240 image macro Internet memes (those featuring an image with a text caption overlaid), we identified two broad, overarching themes – Technological Privilege and Others. Within the analysis presented here, complex and troubling constructions of gendered identity in online humour are explored, illustrating the potential for the othering and exclusion of women through humour in technological spaces. We argue that this new iteration of heteronormative, hegemonic masculinity in online sexism, couched in "irony" and "joking", serves to police, regulate and create rightful occupants and owners of such spaces.

How do women affect conflict dynamics in different ways than men? I examine how expectations based on gender identities impact rebel group strategies, as well as attitudes of foreign publics and political elites toward rebel groups. First, women can substantially contribute to rebel groups' ability to resist governments and maintain their rebellion through unique gendered ways. These include enabling greater tactical diversity, increased appeal to international audiences, and spearheading coup-proofing strategies against intra-organizational factions. Women's contributions to rebel groups are most salient during times of crises and in settings where gender stereotypes are stronger. Second, rebel groups with women participants are more likely to attract foreign support from democratic states. Decisionmakers in democracies can more easily justify supporting gender-diverse rebel organizations to their domestic audiences because people are more likely to be in favor of supporting gender-diverse rebel organizations and are more likely to consider sponsoring such organizations as a moral duty. This support is driven by people's expectations that women militants are less likely to attack civilians. Greater support for gender-diverse groups is also driven by the belief that such support would improve the sponsoring state's reputation in the eyes of the international community. These findings are based on observational evidence on rebel group strength and women membership, survey experiments on people's perceptions of gender-diverse rebel groups, and a qualitative case study of the PKK in Turkey. the results highlight the multifaceted nature of the relationship between gender norms and political violence. These results imply that scholars should take the social identity of the perpetrator group membership into account in analyzing the relationship between political violence and gender equality.

"Seeking Love in Modern Britain charts the emergence of the modern British single through an account of the dating industry that sprang up to serve men and women. It shows how - amid a period of unprecedented sexual and social change - 'the single' became a key unisex identity and lifestyle. From around 1970, a growing, cottage-style matchmaking industry in Britain was offering the romantically solo a choice between computer dating firms, such as Dateline or Compudate, introduction agencies and the lonely hearts pages of Private Eye , Time Out and others. Zoe Strimpel reveals how this rapidly expanding landscape of services was catering to a new breed of single people, and how - by the late 1990s - singleness had become the culturally mainstream, wholly expected part of the romantic life cycle that it is today. Refuting the widespread idea that the Internet invented modern dating, this book uses an eclectic and engaging range of first-person accounts and snapshots from the time to show that the story of contemporary romance, mediated courtship and singleness began in a time long before Tinder."--

Media portrayals of women with cancer emphasize women's emotionality in the face of life-threatening disease. For some sociological commentators, this weakens women in an exercise of patriarchal control by medicine and the media. The present study, of news reports of people with cancer in the media of several anglophone countries, compares portrayals of men and women. Media representations of the emotions of people with cancer are found to emphasize women's skills in the emotional labour of self-transformation, something which is particularly prevalent in reports of breast cancer activism. In men, cancer is more commonly portrayed as a test of pre-existing character. Both sexes, in these representations, are offered paths to the common goal of a self-willed victory over cancer and the limitations of the body. This media-orchestrated fantasy about human powers resonates with broader analyses of heroic projects of self-identity in late modernity, in which women's advertised expertise in the management of emotions plays an important part. The imagined superpowers of people with cancer also involve a denial of disappointment that parallels the supposed efficacy of prayer and religious observance in traditional societies.

People naturally live in a community and identity plays an essential role in their life. Codes and elements that construct their identity can be personal or collective, such as gender, name, religion, ethnicity, and language. In order to enjoy more privileges, minority people and those who are discriminated because of their identity, try to change their identity to be similar to the center or in other words, assimilate with it. At the same time, the hegemonic power tries to single out and highlight the identity codes which make one different from the center in order to discriminate them. The major character of the novel, Yakov Bok, changes his identity, name and appearance, as a Jew and enters into the district forbidden to Jews. During the course of the novel, he was arrested and accused of murdering a Christian boy, because he was the only Jew in the neighborhood. The state officials try to change his appearance to make him look like a Jew again and single out. Identity can be changed willingly in order to assimilate and use the advantages of being recognized as a certain person or part of a community, or by force due to the social and political condition of time to be condemned or to face the worst condition.

Abstract
In ethnic literature, the historical and cultural past constantly haunt the present, producing contemporary narratives which emphasize how the heritage plays an essential role in preserving ethnic identity. From a trans-historical perspective, Arab American women's narratives tend to turn the history of Al-Andalus (Medieval Moorish Spain) into cultural memory as a way of coping with the threats to their existence in the United States, particularly post-9/11, as well as of resisting the hegemonic culture. The aim of this paper is to investigate how Al-Andalus is intended to be seen as a construct of cultural memory and how this site of memory has the power to reshape individual and collective identity.

Singer intended for neurodiversity to be a new category of intersectionality. However, intersectionality has been neglected in autism research and practice. This paper aims to inform an intersectional approach to autism by exploring autistic identity development in relation to other marginalized identities. We reviewed literature about neurodiversity, intersectionality, discrimination, and the identity development of autistic people, racial/ethnic minorities, and gender and sexual minorities. We discuss minority stress and evidence that cultural traditions alleviate it. Autistic culture can reframe personal difficulties as a politicized struggle. While the stereotype of autism is one of withdrawal, the history of autistic people coming together for justice defies this notion. Intersectionality teaches us that we must understand differences <i>within</i> the autistic community if we wish to help all autistic people experience the dignity they deserve. Using an intersectional lens, we can become more flexible in our understanding of positive autistic identity development and strategies to promote it.

Australia's engagement with the Pacific region, articulated in the Port Moresby declaration of March 2008, has prompted a 'new era' of cooperative development in assisting Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICTs) to achieve the Millenium Development Goals. However, the Pacific Partnerships for Development are light on any specific measures that demonstrate a commitment to addressing development challenges as they impact differently on men and women. In this study, a life course approach is applied to assess how relations between men and women influence poor reproductive health outcomes and hinder progress towards the MDGs, with a specific focus on the third and fifth MDGs relating to gender equality and maternal health. The statistics available tell a sad story about the status of women in Melanesia. The evidence provided for Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands and Vanuatu is a strong indication of the need for greater attention directed at the link between gender equality and reproductive health in order to identity where government advocacy can influence tangible, effective outcomes. By contrasting the current experiences of women with the discourse pursued through policy and donor assistance programs, it is possible to identifY a gap that highlights a need for better understanding of social and cultural norms surrounding gender relations in Melanesia, and tl1eir impact on the progress of these countries toward MDG 3 and 5. Key Recommendations: 1. Incorporate gender strategy into Pacific Partnerships for Development 2. Increase assistance to fund reproductive health a. Conduct high-level talks with partner country policy-makers on the causal factors between population growth, poverty and gender inequality. b. Be outspoken in supporting gender equality and empowerment of women in policy dialogue. c. Be outspoken on the human rights aspects of maternal mortality and the importance of reproductive rights for women.