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Volltext // Exemplar mit der Signatur: München, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek -- 4 J.publ.g. 1278 l-12#Beibd.153

The author author was approached by the Clerks of the committee to comment on the Scotland Bill and Fiscal Framework, since the publication of the Committee's Interim Report published in May 2015. This is his written submission.

Intro -- Foreword -- Prologue -- Acknowledgements -- About This Book -- The Key Whistleblower Allegations -- How it Unfolded -- Contents -- 1 Saturday 1 May 2004: Berlin -- 2 1993-2020: TI: A Short History of Holding the Powerful to Account -- 3 October 2014-December 2016: Breakdown of Ethical Conduct -- 4 January-14 March 2017: Organisational Coup -- 9 February 2017 -- 10 February 2017 -- 14 February 2017 -- 15 February 2017 -- 16 February 2017 -- 17 February 2017 -- 18 February 2017 -- 19 February 2017 -- 20 February 2017 -- 21 February 2017 -- 22 February 2017 -- 24 February 2017 -- 25 February 2017 -- 3 March 2017 -- 6 March 2017 -- 8 March 2017 -- 11-14 March 2017 -- 14 March 2017 -- 5 15 March-May 2017: Becoming a Whistleblower -- 15-22 March 2017 -- WBC Day 1: 23 March 2017 -- WBC Day 5: 27 March 2017 -- WBC Day 6: 28 March 2017 -- WBC Day 12: 3 April 2017 -- WBC Day 15: 6 April 2017 -- WBC Day 16: 7 April 2017 -- WBC Day 18: 9 April 2017 -- WBC Day 19: 10 April 2017 -- WBC Day 20: 11 April 2017 -- WBC Day 26: 17 April 2017 -- WBC Day 29: 20 April 2017 -- WBC Day 30: 21 April 2017 -- WBC Day 32: 23 April 2017 -- WBC Day 34: 25 April 2017 -- WBC Day 36: 27 April 2017 -- WBC Day 42: 3 May 2017 -- WBC Day 43: 4 May 2017 -- WBC Day 48: 9 May 2017 -- WBC Day 50: 11 May 2017 -- WBC Day 55: 16 May 2017 -- WBC Day 56: 17 May 2017 -- WBC Day 57: 18 May 2017 -- WBC Day 61: 22 May 2017 -- WBC Day 62: 23 May 2017 -- WBC Day 64: 25 May 2017 -- WBC Day 65: 26 May 2017 -- WBC Day 66: 27 May 2017 -- WBC Day 68: 29 May 2017 -- 6 June-September 2017: Fire a Whistleblower -- WBC Day 76: 6 June 2017 -- WBC Day 81: 11 June 2017 -- WBC Day 82: 12 June 2017 -- WBC Day 83: 13 June 2017 -- WBC Day 84: 14 June 2017 -- WBC Day 89: 19 June 2017 -- WBC Day 90: 20 June 2017 -- WBC Day 91: 21 June 2017 -- WBC Day 93: 23 June 2017: World Whistleblower Day.

1International Court of Justice — Provisional measures — Prima facie jurisdiction — International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, 1965 ("CERD") — Article 22 — Whether the Court having prima facie jurisdiction ratione materiae — Distinction between "national origin" and "nationality" under CERD — Whether procedural preconditions to the Court's jurisdiction met — Prior negotiation — Exhaustion of CERD-based procedures — Plausibility — Whether the acts of which Qatar complained were plausibly acts of racial discrimination — Irreparable prejudice — Urgency — Whether evidence submitted by Qatar proving that the rights claimed were under a real and imminent risk of irreparable prejudice — Reports of international organizations as evidence — Unilateral undertaking — Statement of 5 July 2018 by UAEInternational Court of Justice — Provisional measures requested by respondent State — Whether extending to protection of procedural rights — Procedural rights arising under Article 22 of CERD — Right to obtain compliance with provisional measures indicated earlier — Prima facie jurisdiction — Provisional measures for non-aggravation and non-extension of the dispute — Whether capable of being indicated only if provisional measures for protection of rights also indicatedInternational Court of Justice — Preliminary objections — Whether Court having jurisdiction under Article 22 of International Convention on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, 1965 — Whether discrimination based on nationality prohibited by CERD — Whether Qatar's claim of discriminatory measures by United Arab Emirates falling within scope of CERD Treaties — Interpretation — Scope — International Convention on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, 1965 — Article 1(1) — Meaning of "national origin" — Whether including current nationality — Object and purpose of treaty — Travaux préparatoires — Whether CERD intending to prohibit discrimination based on nationality — Whether Qatar's claim of discriminatory measures by United Arab Emirates falling within scope of CERDHuman rights — International Convention on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, 1965 — Article 1(1) — Meaning of "national origin" — Whether including current nationality — 2Whether discrimination based on nationality prohibited by CERD — Whether Qatar's claim of discriminatory measures by United Arab Emirates falling within scope of CERDNationality — Nature of citizenship — Bond between State and citizen — Whether distinct from "national origin" — International Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Racial Discrimination, 1965, Article 1International tribunals — United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination — Weight to be given to practice of Committee — Jurisprudence of regional human rights courts — Relevance — Whether discrimination based on nationality prohibited by CERD

This article presents the characteristics and chronology of the archaeological complexes of Middle and Late stages of the Upper Paleolithic in Baikal-Yenisei Siberia. We analyzed the development of Paleolithic cultures against the background of paleoenvironmental changes in the Sartanian cryochron (MIS 2 – the beginning of MIS 1). As a result of research in recent decades, new data and results have been obtained for geological deposits, archaeological objects and complexes of this time; their features have been revealed. Databases that include data on geoarchaeological objects (about 60) and the results of radiocarbon dating (122 determinations) have been created. Based on the analysis of deposits and the database of radiocarbon dating, the age of four Sartanian subhorizons was determined: sr1 – ~28–22 ka cal BP, sr2 – ~22–19.5 ka cal BP, sr3 – ~19.5–14.7 ka cal BP, sr4 – ~14.7–11.7 ka cal BP. Each of these subhorizons differs in paleoclimatic settings. Two large seismic events (~23–22 ka cal BP and 12.8 ka cal BP) associated with the activity of Baikal rift and led to serious restructuring of natural situations were identified. Based on the stratigraphic position of cultural complexes and their radiocarbon dating, four cultural and chronological groups were identified and the presence of three breaks (hiatuses) not provided with archaeological materials in sr2, the second half of sr3 and sr4 (YD) was revealed. For each group, the specificity of cultural complexes was determined, expressed in topographic and planigraphic features, in the features of knapping technologies, composition and ratio of inventory groups. Apparently, these cultural breaks were provoked both by a change in paleoclimatic settings, primarily aridization, and by seismic events. We believe that this did not lead to the depopulation of the region, but rather contributed to changes in the hunter-gatherers' livelihood strategies that led to a change in their habitats. Perhaps there were also sociocultural reasons. The basic complexes of sr1 (Malta-Buret) are of western origin, in the materials of the second half of sr1 eastern elements are traced, and the sr3 complexes have wide analogues in the Sartanian cultures of the Yenisei valley and together with them form a single cultural area in this time. The genesis of the sr4 (BA) complexes is still debatable, although there is a certain continuity with the previous stage. They are also characterized by a clear cultural and territorial unity.

AbstractIntroductionA vaginal ring containing dapivirine is effective for HIV prevention as pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). We evaluated the potential epidemiological impact and cost‐effectiveness of dapivirine vaginal ring PrEP among 22‐ to 45‐year‐old women in KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa.MethodsUsing mathematical modelling, we studied dapivirine vaginal ring PrEP implementation, either unprioritized, or prioritized based on HIV incidence (≥3% per year), age (22 to 29 years) or female sex worker status, alongside the implementation of voluntary medical male circumcision and antiretroviral therapy scaled‐up to UNAIDS Fast‐Track targets. Outcomes over the intervention (2019 to 2030) and lifetime horizons included cumulative HIV infections, life‐years lived, costs and cost‐effectiveness. We assessed the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios against the revealed willingness to pay ($500) and the standard (2017 per capita gross domestic product; $6161) cost‐effectiveness thresholds for South Africa.ResultsCompared to a reference scenario without PrEP, implementation of dapivirine vaginal ring PrEP, assuming 56% effectiveness and covering 50% of 22 to 29‐year‐old or high‐incidence women, prevented 10% or 11% of infections by 2030 respectively. Equivalent, unprioritized coverage (30%) prevented fewer infections (7%), whereas 50% coverage of female sex workers had the least impact (4%). Drug resistance attributable to PrEP was modest (2% to 4% of people living with drug‐resistant HIV). Over the lifetime horizon, dapivirine PrEP implementation among female sex workers was cost‐saving, whereas incidence‐based PrEP cost $1898 per life‐year gained, relative to PrEP among female sex workers and $989 versus the reference scenario. In a scenario of 37% PrEP effectiveness, PrEP had less impact, but prioritization to female sex workers remained cost‐saving. In uncertainty analysis, female sex worker PrEP was consistently cost‐saving; and over the lifetime horizon, PrEP cost less than $6161 per life‐year gained in over 99% of simulations, whereas incidence‐ and age‐based PrEP cost below $500 per life‐year gained in 61% and 49% of simulations respectively. PrEP adherence and efficacy, and the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy for HIV prevention, were the principal drivers of uncertainty in the cost‐effectiveness of PrEP.ConclusionsDapivirine vaginal ring PrEP would be cost‐saving in KwaZulu‐Natal if prioritized to female sex workers. PrEP's impact on HIV prevention would be increased, with potential affordability, if prioritized to women by age or incidence.

Euchroma é um gênero considerado monotípico para E. gigantea, com descrição de quatro subespécies e um alto polimorfismo cromossômico, que decorre de rearranjos que podem estar relacionados a diferentes tipos de DNA repetitivo. Com o objetivo de investigar o papel de sequências repetitivas na diversificação cariotípica desta espécie, duas sequências de DNA satélite (DNAsat) foram caracterizadas, analisadas filogeneticamente entre diferentes cariótipos e mapeadas através de hibridização in situ fluorescente. Os espécimes analisados foram coletados em Belém (PA), Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brasília (DF), Recife (PE) e Maceió (AL). As sequências foram isoladas a partir de sequenciamento Illumina de baixa cobertura do genoma de um espécime com 2n=34(PE) e caracterizadas através de ferramentas de bioinformática. Adicionalmente, a sequência de DNAr 18S foi mapeada. Os espécimes analisados exibiram cariótipos com 2n=22(DF), 26(SP), 32(PA), 34(PE) e 35(AL), todos com mecanismo sexual múltiplo formado por cinco, seis ou oito cromossomos em cadeia. Apenas os espécimes com 2n=22 não apresentaram cromossomos B, nos demais houve variação de três a 21. As sequências EgiSat1-172 e EgiSat2-202 apresentaram riqueza em pares de base A+T de 40,1% e 49,5%, respectivamente e proporções relativas no genoma de 0,299% para EgiSat1 e 0,09% para EgiSat2. A análise filogenética evidenciou um alto grau de identidade das sequências, o que pode ser decorrente do surgimento dessas sequências em um ancestral comum. A partir do mapeamento foram observados de dois a quatro sítios de EgiSat1 e EgiSat2 co-localizados na região pericentromérica de cromossomos autossomos nos cariótipos com 2n=22, 26, 32, 34 ou em autossomos e no cromossomo X3 no cariótipo com 2n=35. Estes padrões de distribuição foram similares aos do DNAr 18S. EgiSat1 e EgiSat2 não apresentaram similaridades com os genes do DNAr 45S, possivelmente estas sequências estão relacionadas a sequências próximas, como o espaçador intergênico. A variabilidade na distribuição de sítios de EgiSat1 e EgiSat2 pode decorrer de recombinação ectópica, reinserção de DNA circular extracromossômico ou atividade de transposons. Visando entender melhor a relação entre as sequências EgiSat1, EgiSat2 e o DNAr, sequências relacionadas estão sendo analisadas. Outros marcadores citogenéticos estão sendo utilizados a fim de elucidar a evolução cromossômica de E. gigantea.Financiadores: CAPES, CNPq, FACEPE, FAPESP

Estudos citogenéticos e moleculares indicam ampla variabilidade cromossômica em Astyanax, principalmente dentro dos complexos de espécies. Tais fatores, somados a ampla distribuição geográfica, porte diminuto e semelhança morfológica, contribuem para a complexidade do grupo e dificultam a identificação e o estabelecimento de relações filogenéticas. Análises citogenéticas básicas e moleculares foram realizadas em Astyanax aff. fasciatus e Astyanax cf. aramburui, coletadas no rio Ijuí, Bacia do Alto rio Uruguai. Ambas as espécies compartilharam algumas características cromossômicas, tais como: número diploide de 46 cromossomos e mesma fórmula cromossômica (10m+22sm+8st+6a), heterocromatina preferencialmente centromérica e RONs simples (Ag- e 18S rDNA-FISH) no braço curto do primeiro par de cromossomos acrocêntricos. Astyanax aff. fasciatus apresentou cístrons múltiplos de 5S rDNA em posição pericentromérica no braço curto do par de cromossomos 3, e em posição centromérica nos pares 21 e 22, diferindo de Astyanax cf. aramburui que apresentou cístrons pericentroméricos no braço longo do par 2 e no braço curto do par 3, e em posição centromérica no par de cromossomos 22. Foram verificados indivíduos com padrão intermediário de distribuição dos cistrons de 5S rDNA, presentes nos homólogos dos pares de cromossomos 3 e 22, e em apenas um dos cromossomos dos pares 2 e 21. Astyanax aff. fasciatus e Astyanax cf. aramburui são espécies morfologicamente muito semelhantes e estão alocadas no complexo "Astyanax fasciatus". Estudos morfológicos ressaltam a dificuldade de classificação devido a grande semelhança morfológica entre estas espécies, para as bacias da Argentina e Uruguai. Os dados obtidos revelam semelhanças citogenéticas que reforçam a proximidade destas espécies em Astyanax, no entanto, Astyanax aff. fasciatus e Astyanax cf. aramburui diferiram em relação ao número e localização dos cístrons de 5S rDNA, reforçando a importância desse marcador para a diferenciação de espécies complexas em Astyanax. Também foi verificada a existência de espécimes com padrão intermediário de distribuição dos sítios de 5S rDNA, que sugerem representar indivíduos híbridos. Os resultados reforçam a complexidade cromossômica encontrada no grupo Astyanax fasciatus e indicam a necessidade de estudos amplos dentro deste complexo de espécies, que incluam marcadores cromossômicos e que englobem as espécies das bacias hidrográficas do sul.Apoio: CNPq, CAPES, Fundação Araucária

ABSTRACT: While dietary patterns (DPs) enable the combination of foods that make up a person's habitual diet to be known, little is known about the DPs of health sector professionals. The objective of this study was to describe the DPs of healthcare students and professionals and assess their association with sociodemographic, lifestyle, anthropometric and biochemical characteristics. Methods: Cross-sectional design. A sample (n = 319) of healthcare students and professionals in apparent good health who studied or worked at the University of Guadalajara (Mexico) was selected. A semiquantitative food intake frequency questionnaire validated on a Mexican population was administered. Questions covering sociodemographic factors, smoking habits and physical activity were asked. Weight, height, waist circumference, blood pressure, triglycerides, glucose, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and total cholesterol were also measured. DPs were generated from a principal components analysis of 25 food groups, and associations were analyzed using logistic regression adjusted for age and sex. Results: The majority of participants were younger than 29 years (84%), women (71.2%) and students (59.6%). Three DPs were identified: "Traditional Westernized", "Healthy" and "Animal protein and alcoholic beverages". After adjustment, the "Traditional Westernized" DP was positively associated with being younger than 22 years (OR: 2.15; 95%CI: 1.1–4.1); the "Healthy" DP was positively associated with having a daily energy expenditure from physical activity greater than 605 kcal (OR: 4.19; 95%CI: 2.3–7.5), and it was negatively associated with being younger than 22 years (OR: 0.48; 95%CI: 0.2–0.9); and the "Animal protein and alcoholic beverages" DP was positively associated with being male (OR: 3.07; 95%CI: 1.8–5.1) and a smoker (OR: 2.77; 95%CI: 1.2–6.3). No association was found between DPs and anthropometric and biochemical characteristics. Conclusions: Among the participants evaluated, healthy DP was associated with being physically active while unhealthy DPs were associated with being younger than 22 years, male and a smoker. These data suggest that being knowledgeable about health does not ensure that individuals will engage in healthy behaviors. As is the case among the general population, training and individual efforts aimed at achieving healthy behaviors must be reinforced by initiatives undertaken by social groups, social institutions, the community at large as well as political and business leaders.