Suchergebnisse

In this paper, we highlight the factors which influence governments in their decision to implement environmental policies of varying degrees of severity. We substantiate our arguments with analytical evidence from the public interest theory & the economic theory of regulation ("interest group theory"). We show, through empirical analysis based on the policies of 22 OECD countries, that pressure groups have sufficient impact on environmental regulation so that the economic theory predominates over the public interest theory. 1 Appendix, 44 References. Adapted from the source document.

A 22 Aug 2002 address to the US Naval Staff Coll offers observations on the nature of UN peacekeeping operations in Ethiopia-Eritrea, Sierra Leone, the Democratic Republic of Congo, & Afghanistan. In general, it is contended that the UN capacity to make peace is limited, although it can act as an instrument toward that end depending on the efforts of the military, diplomats, politicians, & civil society directly involved in a particular conflict. UN peacekeeping missions can help give peace a chance to take hold. J. Zendejas

Die Autorin geht von der These aus, dass Theorie und Praxis der internationalen Politik und auch der Gegenstandsbereich der internationalen Konfliktprävention männlich codiert sind. Am Beispiel von Ergebnissen aus einer Untersuchung über die seit 1993 in Estland arbeitende OSZE-Langzeitmission wird dies demonstriert. Langzeitmissionen gehören zu den typischen Instrumenten, um der Eskalation von Minderheitenkonflikten vorzubeugen. Ende 1999 waren in 22 von 54 OSZE-Staaten solche Missionen stationiert. Hintergrund der Entsendung einer solchen Mission nach Estland ist der Konflikt um die Staatsbürgerschaft. Nachdem Estland von der Sowjetunion unabhängig geworden war, wurde etwa ein Drittel der EinwohnerInnen von der Staatsbürgerschaft ausgeschlossen. Seitdem werden sie als "Russen" politisch, ökonomisch, sozial und kulturell diskriminiert. Die internationale Politik hat sehr früh das Gefahrenpotential dieser ethnopolitischen Sicht erkannt und in einer umfassenden Weise Konfliktprävention betrieben. Der Beitrag analysiert aus einem genderkritischen Blick die Arbeit der OSZE-Langzeitmission in Estland. (ICA2)

"Der Abbruch einer Schwangerschaft gehört weltweit zu den leidenschaftlich diskutierten Themen der Gegenwart. Verfechter moralischer, politischer und juristischer Argumente stoßen in den Kontroversen aufeinander und prägen je nach ihrem Einflussbereich die Regulierung der Schwangerschaftsunterbrechung in den Staaten mit. Die unterschiedliche Gewichtung der einzelnen Argumente in den jeweiligen Ländern hat eine international differierende Rechtsvielfalt zufolge: Sie reicht vom generellen Verbot über das Modell einer stark eingeschränkten bis hin zu einer völlig liberalen Regelung. Die forschungsleitenden Fragestellungen der vorliegenden Arbeit fokussieren auf die Bestimmungsfaktoren der staatlichen Gesetzgebung zum Schwangerschaftsabbruch in 22 OECD-Demokratien. Dabei greift die Untersuchung auf die Theorieschulen der international vergleichenden Staatstätigkeitsforschung zurück. Der OECD-Vergleich enthüllt, dass in ganz besonderem Maße politische Parteien die Ausgestaltung des nationalen Abtreibungsrechts determinieren. In einzelnen Ländern beeinflussen ferner Institutionen die politische Regulierung der Schwangerschaftsunterbrechung." (Autorenreferat)

The 2001‐1 GlobeScan survey was conducted from February 6 to March 22, 2001 with experts and stakeholders across 31 countries in Western Europe, North America, Asia, Africa, the Middle East, South America, and Eastern Europe. GlobeScan experts are selected on the basis of their influence, sector balance, and areas of expertise. Outlines some highlights of the recently concluded study, with some of the findings which have a general interest. A full report, including detailed sectoral and regional differences, is available from Environics International.

Externalizing the Prison Administration's Tasks : the Impact of the Delegated Management Development

Developed in 1986, the idea of conferring the construction and operation of french prisons to private companies has today become a reality with the adoption and the entry into effect of the Act of 22 June 1987. This has created an important model of shared management in which some tasks may be delegated to private sector firms while the administration retains control over a hard core of activities where competences cannot be transferred.

Reports the dilemma faced by Australian universities in their international strategic alliance effort. While the 22 respondent universities espouse such motives as altruism, scholarship, and expansion into new markets as the reasons for entering into international strategic alliances, the true motives appear to be at variance with the former. Arguably, until the contradictions between the espoused and true positions are resolved, Australian universities may not realise the full potential of their international collaborative activities. Suggestions for resolving the discrepancy are offered.

Gerrits, A. ; Van den Berg, G.: Human rights and legal change in the Russian Federation. - S. 6-22. Alekseeva, L.: Private measures by which to ensure fundamental rights in present-day Russia. - S. 23-32. Jandl, Th.: Environmental activism and democratization in Russia. - S. 33-41. Zelkina, A.: The Chechen future in the Russian Federation. - S. 42-52. Bowring, B.: Russia's accession to the Council of Europe and human rights. - S. 53-72. Lohman, D.: The international community fails to monitor Chechnya abuses. - S. 73-82

THIS PAPER TESTS TWO SETS OF EXPLANATIONS FOR THE AMOUNT OF BILATERAL AID PROVIDED BY THE ORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMIC COOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT (OECD) DONORS TO 22 EASTERN EUROPEAN AND FORMER SOVIET UNION (FSU) COUNTRIES FROM 1992-1995. THESE EXPLANATIONS INCLUDE THOSE WHICH CONCENTRATE ON RECIPIENT CHARACTERISTICS AND THOSE WHICH FOCUS ON DONOR CHARACTERISTICS TO EXPLAIN FOREIGN AID DONOR MOTIVATION. RECIPIENT CHARACTERISTICS, PARTICULARLY RECIPIENT NEED AND THE DEGREE OF DEMOCRATIZATION, ARE FOUND TO BE MOST STRONGLY RELATED TO THE RELATIVE AMOUNT OF AID PROVIDED.

Koppe, K.: Konfliktlinien in Europa. - S. 5-12. Dembinski, M.: Amerika und Europa oder vielmehr Amerika oder Europa. - S. 13-22. Jaberg, S.: Die OSZE. - S. 23-30. Cross, P.: Welche Rolle spielt die WEU in Zukunft? - S. 31-39. Schroedter, E.: Die Militarisierung der EU. - S. 40-47. Möller, F.: Die baltischen Staaten. - S. 58-67. Schmidt, C.: Die Anpassung des KSE-Vertrages. - S. 68-82. Dietrich, H.: Fluchtwege: Strategien und Institutionen der Flüchtlingsabwehr in der EU. - S. 83-89. Roth, C. ; Holzberger, M.: Anything goes? Die polizeiliche Kooperation innerhalb der EU nach dem EU-Gipfel in Tampere. - S. 90-104

Sentiment for forgiving the debt of deeply indebted governments is gathering momentum. It is argued that the potential "moral hazard" resulting from debt forgiveness can be reduced by applying performance standards to debt-funded development assistance projects & programs, & canceling the debt associated with those that have failed the standards. The donors concerned would be subject to moratoria on these & similar types of projects or programs in each country benefiting from debt reduction. 1 Photograph, 22 References. Adapted from the source document.

We examine the presidential nominees' choice of running mate in each election since 1940, when Franklin Roosevelt established a precedent by naming his own. To analyze the 22 choices made from the pool of 127 serious possibilities, we employ a discrete choice model. We find that the presidential nominee's choice is explained primarily by the size of the prospective vice president's state, by whether the running mate finalist was a rival for the nomination, and by the balance in age for the ticket.