Suchergebnisse

Takes a critical look at the international diffusion of planning ideas and practices, their impacts on planning practices in different contexts, on the challenge of 'situating' planning practices, and on the ethical and methodological issues of international exchange in the planning field

The introduction of the Euro has been accompanied by the hope that intra-EMU trade would increase and that prices would converge due to increased elasticities of international substitution. This paper contributes to the literature on the Euro's effects on international trade by analyzing price elasticities in international trade flows between Germany and France and between Germany and the United Kingdom before and after the introduction of the Euro. Using disaggregated Eurostat trade statistics for up to 715 product categories, we adopt a heterogeneous dynamic panel framework for the estimation of price elasticities. We suggest a Kalman-filter approach to control for unobservable quality changes which otherwise would bias estimates of price elasticities. This approach delivers reasonable estimates of price elasticities for a broad set of products. Furthermore, we divide the complete sample, which ranges from 1995 to 2008, into two sub-samples and show that the hypothesis that price elasticities in trade between EMU members did not change substantially after the introduction of the Euro cannot be rejected. This result is robust with respect to changes in the estimation technique. -- European Integration ; introduction of the Euro ; import price elasticity ; panel data ; Kalman-filter ; structural vector autoregression

US and USSR opposition to initiatives allowing satellite monitoring of their military activities. Notes current use of remote-sensing pictures; political, legal, and financial aspects of an international system.

War and conflict have always been human habits throughout the history of civilization. Starting from the beginning of the creation of humans on Earth, war has always been a determining factor for human survival, especially the establishment or destruction of civilizations in the world. Of the many conflicts that exist, the conflict in the form of rebellion attracts attention because it is between the ruling government and armed parties dissatisfied with the relevant government policies. The conflict in Yemen poses a threat to close neighboring countries, including Saudi Arabia. In March 2015, the Saudi Arabian government launched a military operation to crush the Houthi group and help to restore the legitimacy of the Yemeni government. However, this operation also cost the civilian population in Yemen. The United Nations Human Rights Council, through the Regional and International Expert Groups, responded by publishing a report stating that there were allegations of international crimes in the military operation. In order to answer the existing problems, a study based on the view of international criminal law is needed. Answering the urgency of this research, the type of legal-normative research is used with a statutory, conceptual, and analytical approach in reviewing this matter. The technique of tracing legal materials is document study.

The level of animal protection activity varies substantially around the world. To some extent, the variation parallels the level of economic development, as countries with high per capita incomes and democratic political structures have better financed and better developed animal protection organizations. However there is not a one-to-one correlation between economic development and animal protection activity. Japan and Saudi Arabia, for example, have high per capita incomes but low or nonexistent levels of animal protection activity, while India has a relatively low per capita income but a fairly large number of animal protection groups.

Im vergangenen Jahrzehnt sind über 1,8 Millionen Deutsche ins Ausland fortgezogen. Internationale Mobilität gewinnt für die Lebensläufe der jüngeren Generation zunehmend an Bedeutung. Für zwei Drittel der umgezogenen Personen ist der Auslandsaufenthalt nur zeitlich befristet und für einige Jahre geplant. Ebenfalls zwei Drittel dieser Personen lebten bereits früher einmal im Ausland. Umzüge ins Ausland erfolgen meist aus ökonomischen Motiven sowie aus Gründen des Lebensstils. Die ins Ausland umgezogenen Personen sind überdurchschnittlich qualifiziert. Drei Viertel der Befragten besitzen einen Hochschulabschluss. Die ins Ausland umgezogenen Personen profitieren beruflich in den meisten Fällen von ihrem Auslandsaufenthalt. Selbst unter Berücksichtigung von Kaufkraftunterschieden zwischen Deutschland und den verschiedenen Zielländern erhöhen sich mit dem Umzug ins Ausland die monatlichen Nettoverdienste von Vollzeitbeschäftigten durchschnittlich um knapp 1.200 Euro. Öffentlich finanzierte internationale Mobilitätsprogramme sollten weitere Bevölkerungsgruppen ansprechen. Vereinfachung und bessere Sichtbarkeit der Programme könnten ihre Attraktivität auch für Bevölkerungs- und Berufsgruppen mit bisher geringerer internationaler Mobilität erhöhen.

This article is devoted to the conflict of law rules of the international contract of sale, analysis and identification of problems of the conflict method of legal regulation. The main sources of legal regulation of international purchase and sale of goods, both at the international and national levels, are studied. Attention is drawn to the peculiarities of the application of the norms of the Vienna Convention of 1980 to relations under the contract of international sale, as well as its interaction with domestic regulations. Attention is paid to the problems of harmonization of Ukrainian legislation with European and international law in the field of legal regulation of the contract of sale.The general concept and characteristics of this agreement, as well as the features of its conclusion. Withit also the practical problems which should be considered in the course of contractual work, first of all definition of the moment of the conclusion of contracts and the beginning of action of the international agreement of purchase and sale of the goods in modern conditions of development of the state are analyzed. Based on the analysis of the essential terms of the international sale agreement, the scope of this agreement, its stages of conclusion developed measures on the feasibility of regulation at the level of the Civil Code of Ukraine provisions related to establishing requirements for the principle of close communication, determining the time of the agreement, "Law of the place of the act", issues related to the conclusion of the so-called. "Agreement between the absent" (conclusion of the contract by teletype, fax, telephone, etc.), the form and content of the international contract of sale. The current state, patterns of development of conflict of law regulation in order to identify the most optimal ways to resolve conflict issues in the relevant field. It is also noted that each state in its own way carries out the legal regulation of relations, so there are conflicts between the substantive law of different ...