Suchergebnisse

Intro -- Contents / Sommaire -- Articles -- The Judaic Contribution to Human Rights -- Sommaire -- Perspectives canadiennes de droit international public et privé relatives à la maîtrise du térritoire -- Summary -- Extradition to a State that Imposes the Death Penalty -- Sommaire -- Developing Sustainability" and the Emerging Norms of International Environmental Law: The Case of Land-Based Marine Pollution Control -- Sommaire -- Environmental Protection in the Antarctic: Past, Present, and Future -- Sommaire -- Central Bank Immunity and the Inadequacy of the Restrictive Immunity Approach -- Sommaire -- The "New Thinking" in Soviet International Law: Soviet Doctrines and Practice in the Post-Tunkin Era -- Sommaire -- Notes and Comments / Notes et commentaries -- State Succession and State Reponsibility -- Sommaire -- Dispute Settlement under the Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement -- Sommaire -- La Guerre du Golfe et le système d'intervention armée de l'ONU -- Summary -- The 1990 Triennial Elections to the International Court of Justice and the 1989 Casual Election -- The United Nations Decade of International Law -- Chronique de droit international économique en 1990 / Digest of International Economic Law in 1990 -- Système monétaire international: La dette et le Canada en 1989, préparé par Bernard Colas -- Commerce, préparé par Martin St-Amant -- Investissement, préparé par Pierre Ratelle -- Le Canada et la protection internationale de l'environnement en 1989, préparé par Bernard Colas et Ralph Osterwoldt -- Practice / La pratique -- Canadian Practice in International Law / La pratique canadienne en matière de droit international public -- At the Department of External Affairs in 1989-90 / Au ministère des Affaires exterieures en 1989-90 -- Parliamentary Declarations in 1989-90 / Déclarations parlementaires en 1989-90.

The 143d session of the Governing Body of the International Labor Organization (ILO) was held in Geneva from November 17 to November 20, 1959. As had been decided at its 141st session (March 1959), the Governing Body was given an opportunity at the outset to review the major emphases and trends of ILO's activities and methods of work. This was undertaken as an experiment which the Governing Body could repeat if it deemed it necessary or beneficial. Opening the debate, the United States representative pointed out that ILO's objective of improving the condition of the underdeveloped countries had generally been regarded as most important and that much still remained to be done in that field. He cautioned against the dissipation of efforts on secondary matters, as funds for operational activities were limited and the setting of priorities was therefore imperative. In his opinion, some of the industrial committees had been running out of useful work; he thus suggested substituting for them ad hoc meetings designed to cope with specific regional problems. He also criticized various joint projects ILO had undertaken with other specialized agencies as well as the drafting of rigid instruments which, in his opinion, occupied too much of the Organization's time. In the ensuing discussion, all representatives agreed on the importance and necessity of ILO's operational activities, particularly technical assistance. Several speakers suggested that technical assistance should not be confined to industry but should also be given to agriculture. The representative of West Germany, for one, expressed the view that the Organization should intensify its work in the field of employment and labor-management relations, while the Indian spokesman favored workers' education programs and vocational training, as well as a long term project for raising living standards in rural areas.

A special meeting of the Executive Committee of the International Refugee Organization, scheduled to meet at Ottawa, was held instead at Geneva from January 25 to 29, 1949. The committee resolved, against determined British opposition, to lift the restriction of financial aid to immigrants to Palestine in effect since May 18, 1947, and authorized Director General William Hallam Tuck to re-imburse Jewish agencies, up to a maximum of $4,000,000 – the expenditure anticipated for Palestine migration in the 1948–1949 budget – for movements of refugees to Israel carried out between May 18, 1947 and January 1, 1949. The Director General was also authorized to support future Jewish refugee movements after consultation with the Palestine Conciliation Commission, to insure that IRO did nothing which would interfere with the commission's mandate to bring about the peaceful solution of the Palestine conflict. IRO support of future migration to Palestine depended on the availability of funds within the $4,000,000 limit after reimbursement of the agencies and on the result of negotiations with the Conciliation Commission. The resolution represented a compromise between those who felt that no limits should be placed on sponsorship of migration of eligible refugees to Palestine and those who argued that conditions in Palestine were too unstable and further complicated by an Arab refugee problem to justify IRO sponsorship. On January 26, 1949 the Secretary-General of the United Nations (Lie) and Stanton Griffis, director of United Nations relief for Palestine refugees, made a joint appeal to the governments for funds and supplies for the aid of more than 500,000 Palestine refugees, mostly Arabs, who had lost their homes during the fighting in Palestine.

Intro -- Contents / Sommaire -- Preface -- Articles -- L'affaire de la délimitation maritime Canada/France -- Summary -- Allocation of the Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses: Efforts at Codification and the Experience of Canada and the United States -- Sommaire -- Visit, Search, Diversion, and Capture in Naval Warfare. Part II: Developments since 1945 -- Sommaire -- L'investigation dans le programme nucléaire irakien -- Summary -- International Organizations: What Makes Them Work? -- Sommaire -- Les cadres juridiques de la capitalisation des dettes commerciales des Etats -- Summary -- The American Convention on Human Rights: Canada's Present Law and the Effect of Ratification -- Notes and Comments /Notes et commentaires -- The International Court as Emerging Constitutional Court and the Coordinate UN Institutions (Especially the Security Council): Implications of the Aerial Incident at Lockerbie -- Sommaire -- Consultation Procedures under UN Rules for the Control of Restrictive Business Practices -- Sommaire -- Récents développements dans le domaine des services -- State Immunity. Re Canada Labour Code: A Common Sense Solution to the Commercial Activity Exception -- Sommaire -- Chronique de Droit international économique en 1991/Digest of International Economic Law in 1991 -- Commerce -- Le Canada et le systéme monétaire international en 1991 -- Investissement -- Practice/La pratique -- Canadian Practice in International Law/La pratique canadienne en matière de droit international public -- At the Department of External Affairs in 1991-92/Au ministère des Affaires extérieures en 1991-92 -- Parliamentary Declarations in 1991-92/Déclarations parlementaires en 1991-92 -- Treaty Action Taken by Canada in 1991 /Mesures prises par le Canada en matière de traités en 1991 -- Cases/La jurisprudence.

Der historische Verlauf der serbisch-albanischen Beziehungen von 1912 bis heute wird in fünf Stadien dargestellt. Es wird auf Ziele und Mittel der lokalen Akteure Serbien, Mazedonien und Albanien eingegangen. Das militärische Konfliktmanagement der KFOR und die Beziehungen zwischen lokalen und internationale Akteuren wird herausgearbeitet. Insgesamt zeigt die bisherige Bilanz der UNMIK beim Aufbau der Kosovo-Institutionen und bei ihren Maßnahmen zur Förderung der Demokratie, dass im Sinne eines Statebuilding von außen in einem Konfliktgebiet relativ rasch die bürokratischen Voraussetzungen für Demokratie geschaffen werden können. Es benötigt aber sehr viel mehr Zeit, diese Institutionen auch mit demokratischem Geist zu erfüllen, vor allem dann, wenn wie im Falle des Kosovo die persönliche Sicherheit kritischer Bürger nicht garantiert ist. Das Kosovo ist aber noch weit davon entfernt, eine pluralistische Gesellschaft mit demokratischen Grundwerten zu sein. Die Unklarheit über die politische Zukunft hat die Homogenisierung der Kosovo-albanischen und der Kosovo-serbischen Gesellschaft verfestigt, kritische Stimmen zum nationalistischen Diskurs sind eindeutig in der Minderzahl. Zur ethnischen Polarisierung kommen die sehr großen ökonomischen Probleme des Kosovo, die sich teilweise ebenfalls auf den ungeklärten Kosovostatus zurückführen lassen - zumindest was die ausbleibenden ausländischen Direktinvestitionen betrifft. Ihre bisher größten Erfolge hatte die UNMIK beim Aufbau der Kosovo-Institutionen und bei der Polizeiausbildung, die von der OSZE sehr professionell durchgeführt wird. Die Schwachstellen liegen eindeutig im ökonomischen Bereich und bei der fehlenden Integration der serbischen Volksgruppe in das "UNMIK-Kosovo". Geht man nach den Empfehlungen renommierter Think Tanks, ist die sinnvollste und wahrscheinlichste Option für die Lösung der Statusfrage die "konditionelle Unabhängigkeit" für das Kosovo nach einem mehrstufigen Plan, wie er insbesondere von der so genannten Balkankommission im April 2005 beschrieben wurde. Da das Kernelement des Konzepts der konditionellen Unabhängigkeit die Integration des Kosovo und Serbiens in die EU ist und die formale Unabhängigkeit des Kosovo, die dann an Bedeutung verlieren würde, erst mit der "EU-Reife" vorgesehen ist, wird sich diese Option wahrscheinlich als bevorzugte Option zumindest innerhalb der EU durchsetzen. Die EU müsste in diesem Fall natürlich eine stärkere politische Rolle im Kosovo-Friedensprozess übernehmen. (LO)

Intro -- Contents/Sommaire -- Articles -- Recent Developments in Tanker Control in International Law -- La Troisième Conférence sur le droit de la mer et le règlement obligatoire des différends -- Canada's Role in the Development of the Law of Armed Conflict -- Legal Limits on the Use of Force by Canadian Warships Engaged in Law Enforcement -- International Pipelines: Canada-United States -- Choice of Law Methods in the Private International Law of Contract -- Notes and Comments -- Newfoundland and the League of Nations -- The UNCTAD Code of Conduct for the International Transfer of Technology: Problems and Prospects -- Souveraineté fonctionnelle et consentement préalable: déblocage possible en droit spatial -- The Evolution of Canadian Agreements for Co-Operation in Nuclear Weapons and Technology -- A Migratory Caribou Convention -- Canadian Practice in International Law during 1979 as Reflected Mainly in Public Correspondence and Statements of the Department of External Affairs -- Canadian Practice in International Law during 1979 as Reflected in Resolutions of the House of Commons and in Government Statements in the House of Commons -- Digest of Important Canadian Cases Reported in 1979 in the Fields of Public International Law and Conflict of Laws -- Commentary on Some Treaties Signed by Canada In 1979 -- Book Reviews/Revue des Livres -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Y -- Z.

Many of our theories of international politics rely on microfoundations. In this short note, I suggest that although there has been increasing interest in microfoundations in international relations (IR) over the past 20 years, the frequency with which the concept is invoked belies a surprising lack of specificity about what microfoundations are, or explicit arguments about why we should study them. I then offer an argument about the value of micro-level approaches to the study of conflict. My claim is not that all theories of IR need to be developed or tested at the micro-level in order to be satisfying, but rather, that many of our theories in IR already rest on lower-level mechanisms—they either leave these assumptions unarticulated or fail to test them directly. In these circumstances, theorizing and testing micro-level dynamics will be especially helpful. I illustrate my argument using the case of resolve, one of the central explanatory variables in the study of international security. I argue that the absence of microfoundations for resolve is one reason why IR scholars have had difficulties testing whether resolve has the effects we often claim, and sketch out a two-stage research design political scientists can use to study unobservable phenomena.

Intro -- Contents -- Articles -- The Canadian Charter of Rights and International Law -- Sommaire -- Le droit de sécession en droit international public -- Summary -- The State Immunity Act of Canada -- Sommaire -- Le partage des fréquences radio entre le Canada et les Etats-Unis: la radiodiffusion en modulation d'amplitude -- Summary -- Canada and the New International Economic Order: Some Legal Implications -- Sommaire -- Le droit international et les armes nucléaires des nouveaux Damoclès -- Summary -- Notes and Comments -- The Proposed Canada-United States Transboundary Air Pollution Agreement: The Legal Background -- Sommaire -- The Human Rights Committee and the Case of Sandra Lovelace -- Sommaire -- François Gény's Doctrine of Customary Law -- Sommaire -- Practice/La pratique -- Canadian Practice in International Law during 1981/La pratique canadienne en matière de droit international public en 1981: -- At the Department of External Affairs/Au Ministère des Affaires extérieures -- Parliamentary Declarations/Déclarations parlementaires -- Commentary on Some Treaties Signed by Canada in 1981/Commentaire sur des traités signés par le Canada en 1981 -- Cases /La jurisprudence -- Canadian Cases in International Law in 1981/La jurisprudence canadienne en matière de droit international -- Book Reviews/Revue des livres -- Index/Table alphabétique des matières.

Intro -- Contents/Sommaire -- Foreword -- Preface -- Some Main Directions of International Law -- A Canadian Perspective -- Soviet and Western International Law and the Cold War in the Era of Bipolarity -- Les eaux territoriales du Canada au regard du Droit international -- Canadian Inland Waters of the Atlantic Provinces and the Bay of Fundy Incident -- Le régime des cours d'eau internationaux -- The Trail Smelter Dispute -- The Development of International Rules Concerning Offences and Certain Other Acts Committed on Board Aircraft -- The European Economic Community and the Most-Favoured-Nation Clause -- Notes and Comments -- Analysis of the Opinion of the International Court of Justice on Certain Expenses of the United Nations -- The Institute of Air and Space Law, McGill University -- Book Reviews/Revue des livres -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Z.

Intro -- Contents/Sommaire -- Articles -- The Law of Armed Conflict and the Enforcement of International Criminal -- Sommaire -- L'immunité souveraine et la coutume Internationale: de l'immunité absolue à l'immunité relative? -- The Legal Status of the Arctic Sea Ice: A Comparative Study and a Proposal -- Sommaire -- The Evolution of the Legal Regime of the Continental Shelf -- Sommaire -- The Newfoundland Offshore Mineral Rights References: An Imperfect Mingling of International and Municipal Law -- Sommaire -- Le concept de la zone économique exclusive et la Conférence Diplomatique de l'Organisation maritime internationale de 1984: les péripéties d'une négotiation -- Summary -- Notes and Comments/Notes et commentaires -- The Gulf of Maine Case -- Sommaire -- The Use of Force against Civil Aircraft: The Aftermath of the KAL Flight 007 Incident -- Sommaire -- La réclamation canadienne pour les victimes du vol KAL 007 -- Summary -- Practice /La pratique -- Canadian Practice in International Law during 1983/La pratique canadienne en matière de droit international en 1983: -- At the Department of External Affairs/ Au ministère des Affaires extérieures, compiled by/préparé par L. H. Legault -- Parliamentary Declarations/Déclarations parlementaires, compiled by/préparé par A. L. C. de Mestral -- Treaty Action Taken by Canada/Mesures prises par le Canada en matière de traités, compiled by/préparé par Jean E. Guertin -- Cases/La jurisprudence -- Canadian Cases in International Law in 1983/La jurisprudence canadienne en matière de droit international en 1983, compiled by/préparé par Joost Blom -- Book Reviews/Recensions de livres -- Analytical Index/Index analytique -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Z.