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This eighth edition of the Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard explores recent developments in matters relating to science, technology, globalisation and industrial performance of OECD and major non OECD countries (notably Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa). It brings together over 200 figures, many of which are new to this edition, to help examine emerging policy issues including: the international mobility of researchers and scientists, the growth of the information economy, innovation by regions and industries, innovation strategies by companies, the internationali

Bimetallism.- Wages.- The argument against protective taxes.-Sociology.- Theory and practice of elections.- Presidential elections and civil service reform.- Our colleges before the country. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Abstract This article examines how the theoretical repertoires of the social sciences are managed by the researchers in environmental communication/journalism and how the theoretical arguments are appropriated in the applied studies. The corpus of analysis comprises 492 scientific communications presented by researchers of the Brazilian Society of Interdisciplinary Communication Studies (Intercom) in the period of 2001-2016, in addition to 36 interviews. The conclusions highlight: the historical contribution of the social sciences to the formation of the academic field of communication; the epistemic proximity between the social sciences and communication/journalism; the valorization of the use of this repertoire by environmental communication/journalism researchers. The interviews reinforce the interdisciplinary nature of environmental communication, the epistemic and methodological proximity to the social sciences, the plurality of actors involved and the consolidation of an already established way of doing research by Intercom scholars in its 40 years of operation.

Although the policy sciences have evolved as a discipline over the past thirty years, the development has been less than clear & its directions somewhat uncertain. Still, the founding characteristics, as set forth by its early proponents, have remained relevant & relatively constant. The policy sciences are defined by their multidisciplinary perspective, their problem-oriented, contextual approach, & their treatment of normative standards. The development of the policy sciences is reviewed in light of these hallmarks, & observations are made on how each has experienced great variations. Six emerging conditions, which could have a significant effect on the future development & practice of policy sciences, are suggested. 85 References. HA

Policy science can be seen as conceptually distinct from policy analysis. 3 historical approaches to solving practical problems have been developed: (1) science/engineering, (2) trial & error, & (3) decision theory. Policy science can be conceived as the effort to produce knowledge functionally equivalent to science & its engineering applications, without attaining scientifically validated knowledge in connection with policy problems. Policy science is defined in reference to specific human goals; concepts therefore cannot be changed in meaning to attain optimal theoretical significance, but must remain tied to applications, & because it is commonly applied to rather basic goals: freedom from fear of death, & material well-being. In METASCIENTIFIC LATITUDE, Milton Marney (George Washginton U, Washington DC) claims Reynold's conservatism does not allow for the element of change; science, being a human institution, is marked by constant change. It is impossible to extract a methodology from science, since it is the sum of what is known at any one time. Reynold's paper is an extremely valuable contribution in 2 critical areas: (1) it identifies explicit limitations of objective scientific method in the context of theory construction for nonlinear systems, & (2) it realizes that reconstruction is necessary in theoretical bases & institutional structures of practical social decision-making, & particularly in the philosophy of science. In SCIENCE, OPTIMALITY AND VINDICATION, James F. Reynolds rejoins Marney's criticism based mostly on the latter's concern with the "vindication of values." When an optimal value orientation emerges through sound scientific knowledge, it is 'optimal' & in need of no vindication. If Marney's version of policy science founds values that are optimal & then achieved through vindication, the distinction between science & vindication holds & his criticism is not challenging to the key premise of Reynold's paper. Modified HA.

This volume presents a selection of papers from the Poincaré Project of the Center for the Philosophy of Science, University of Lisbon, bringing together an international group of scholars with new assessments of Henri Poincaré's philosophy of science-both its historical impact on the foundations of science and mathematics, and its relevance to contemporary philosophical inquiry. The work of Poincaré (1854-1912) extends over many fields within mathematics and mathematical physics. But his scientific work was inseparable from his groundbreaking philosophical reflections, and the scientific ferment in which he participated was inseparable from the philosophical controversies in which he played a pre-eminent part. The subsequent history of the mathematical sciences was profoundly influenced by Poincaré's philosophical analyses of the relations between and among mathematics, logic, and physics, and, more generally, the relations between formal structures and the world of experience. The papers in this collection illuminate Poincaré's place within his own historical context as well as the implications of his work for ours

The present is a moment of crisis and transition, both generally and specifically in "knowledge" and its institutions. Acknowledging this elicits the key questions: where are we? Where are we headed? What, if anything, can be done about this? And what can the "economics of science" contribute to this? This paper assumes a "cultural political economy of research & innovation" (CPERI) perspective to explore the current upheaval and transition in the system of academic knowledge production, at the confluence of accelerating commercialisation and the seemingly opposing movement of "open science." This perspective affords a characterisation of the core of the current crises as a crisis of moral economy; an issue to which a political economy of epistemic authority is in turn crucial. A "remoralizing" of knowledge production is thus a matter of key systemic importance, though it is important to understand such developments in power-strategic, and not explicitly moral, terms. Much of the current moves towards "open science" and "massively open online courses" (MOOCs) can also then be seen as self-defeating developments that simply exacerbate the crisis of a viable "economy of science" and in no sense its solution. Their lasting significance, however, is more likely to lie precisely in their effects on the construction of a new moral economy of knowledge production.

v. 1. Sovereignty and liberty.--v. 2. Government. ; Mode of access: Internet.