Suchergebnisse

PURPOSE: To examine the trends between various categories of institutions with their respective published orthopaedic sports medicine content and to determine the publication output and citation rate from the 25 highest-ranked medical schools compared with lower-ranked institutions. METHODS: Publications between 2015 and 2019 from the American Journal of Sports Medicine, Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, and Arthroscopy were categorized into university/university affiliated hospitals, non-university affiliated teaching hospitals, public/semi-government research institutes, nonprofit research institutes, private sector institutions, government institutions, and other institutions. Citation rates were collected from PubMed for the first and corresponding author. Similarly, corresponding authors were stratified by U.S. News and World Report 2021 medical school research rankings. RESULTS: Of the 12,152 publications identified, 5,044 publications met the inclusion criteria. Nonprofit research institutions garnered the greatest number of citations on average (6.44 based on first author, SD 8.83, n = 214; 6.62 based on corresponding author, SD 9.65, n = 208; P < .001), while university/university-affiliated hospitals produced the majority of published articles (77.0% based on first author, 76.8% based on corresponding author), but had lower average citation rates (4.48 based on first author, SD 6.67, n = 3,886; 4.44 based on corresponding author, SD 6.55, n = 3,873; P < .001). Furthermore, of 1953 medical school publications, the top 25 accounted for 53.1% of publications; however, there was no statistical difference between their citation rates and those of lower rankings (P = 0.47). CONCLUSIONS: Publications are cited at different rates, depending on their institution of origin. In addition, high-ranking medical schools produce a disproportionately greater output of publications than lower-ranking schools, but there is no ...

Various interpretations of the concept of "know-how" are presented in the fundamental international legal documents. The author noted that know-how is not the result of intellectual activity. The purpose of the work is to study the international experience of regulating the use of know-how. The research methods used are as follows: comparison, classification, elucidation of causal relationships, systematization, analysis of documentation and results of researchers on the problem of the study. The author stated that the need to ensure competitiveness and attract investment requires revising a significant number of legal norms. The author stipulated that the harmonization of legal regulation at the European level in the field of protection of trade secrets is one of the areas of EU legal policy aimed at developing the internal market and cross-border commercial activities. The author determined that differences in the national legislation of individual EU member states put the owners of trade secrets in a problematic position to establish the content of their subjective rights. The author stated that the protection of trade secrets in the EU does not grant the right of use but rather protection against illegal access. The author stated that the employer must take measures to restrict and prohibit the disclosure by employees of information in respect of which the regime of trade secrets has been introduced. The author stipulated that the employment contract is not enough to maintain and requires an additional agreement on the intellectual activity of the employee, registration and use of results, consolidation of intellectual property rights and rights to obtain patents for service inventions and utility models for the employer. The main forms of transfer of results of intellectual activity are characterized. Measures for the formation and further use of the Eurasian technology transfer network of the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union are outlined.

Purpose
The purpose of this paper was to provide a plausible answer to how there are so few science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM)-professional women managers in the Canadian space industry.


Design/methodology/approach
The author showcased one such individual and her experiences of the exclusionary order in this industry, by focusing on her discourses and those of her former supervisor. The author applied the critical sensemaking (CSM) framework to unstructured interview data and to various collected written documentation. To guide the author's application of this CSM framework, the author asked and answered the following questions: what is the range of identity anchor points associated with, and available to, a STEM-professional woman within the Canadian space industry? What is the relationship between these anchor points and organizational rules and social values? And, how do these anchor points and their relationship with rules and social values influence the exclusion of STEM-professional women from management positions within this industry?


Findings
The author surfaced a STEM-professional woman's range of ephemeral identities, captured within her range of attributed anchor points. The author also revealed some of the rules and social values of the organizational context she worked in. The author then analyzed the how of her exclusionary social order, by studying the relationship between these anchor points and these rules and social values.


Social implications
In addition to addressing the lack of STEM-professional women in management and to filling a gap in the literature, this study made a contribution to our understanding of social-identities, represented by anchor points, and to their discursive reproduction within organizational contexts. The author also suggested micro-political resistances to undo this social order for one particular individual.


Originality/value
This study's value can be measured by its contribution to the postpositivist cisgender and diversity literature focused on intersectionality scholarship, specifically in the area of identity anchor points and their (re)creation within social interactions.

This article aims to specify a coherent and useful interpretation of feminicide behavior (or as preferred by the author "femicide"), which is included, in a non -uniform manner- in several criminal definitions in Latin American legislations. Indeed, the author asserts the need for an individualized criminal protection of women against gender violence, and confirms the praiseworthy work it is being done in Latin America, yet femicide as a criminal offense in the region is not defined accurately. Thus, the author concludes this is the reflection of a criminal policy that suffers from inaccuracies, duplicities and, in some cases, excessive punitiveness. The author questions the criminal definition of femicide as the death of a "woman because of her condition as such" or other similar definitions that include the murder of a woman because of the mere fact of being a woman. When referring to the death of a woman committed by her partner or former partner, the author characterizes feminicide as a form of violence which constitutes an instrument of discriminatory domination, in other words, violence against women with the purpose of maintaining or re-establishing unequal power relationships or simply to reaffirm the discriminatory sense of his act, denying the victim his right to equality. From this perspective, the author discusses considering partner or former partner femicide as a hate crime, since the characteristic of this criminal definition is its collective dimension (the implicit threat to the collective) and the parallel fungible condition of the victim. In the opinion of the author, in partner or former-partner femicide the woman's death is related to both the bias that exists towards women, how they should behaved (machismo), and what was expected of the victim (as herself). It is an individual phenomenon, of only one dimension. Under all these considerations the text culminates analyzing the Peruvian criminal type of femicide, acknowledging some successes but also reiterating their mistakes.

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to offer an insight into why men do research on in-equality.Design/methodology/approach– The author utilizes autoethnography, as a form of self-reflection, to help make sense of the own experiences and to connect it with the broader world. It is a narrative based on personal experiences which connects the author's biography with his research endeavours. It also enables to engage in self-analysis and self-awareness of the motives for conducting research on in-equality.Findings– In this narrative, the author shares his journey as an equality scholar, and how his multiple identities as a visible minority, an immigrant to Canada, and a gay person shapes my worldview, attitudes, and beliefs, which in turn influences his own work on equality and diversity. The narrative is based on the intersection of multiple identities, and not just solely based on the author's gender. The attribute feeling deprived on behalf of others, rational self-interest, and social justice as the chief reasons for engaging in in-equality research.Research limitations/implications– Autoethnography is inherently subjective, based upon the author's own biases and interpretation of events, but the subjectivity can also be an opportunity for intentional self-awareness and reflexivity. Given the multiple identities that the author holds, some of the experiences recounted here may be unique to the author, and some may be shared with others. Thus, it is not the author's intention to represent, in general, why men do in-equality research.Originality/value– This autoethnography has allowed the author the opportunity to be self-aware of the complexity of the multiple identities. This self-awareness also allows the author to be more respectful, authentic, and inclusive of others. The author hopes that these reflections will resonate with some of you, and perhaps inspire one to engage in similar work, for reasons that are unique to one and all.

The author reviews history and peculiarities of the legal regulations of lobbying in USA and Canada, points out the tendencies of the legislation development. USA and Canada are among the first countries, which included legal regulations on the lobbying relations in the state government. The author explores the evolution of development of the lobbying legislation in the USA, and in particular reviews the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act of 1976, Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995, as well as evolution of the Canadian legislation, where the Act on Lobbying of 1989 is in force, which had substantial changes during the last ten years. Taking into consideration the territorial form of state, the author reviews not only the federal legislation, but also laws on the level of states and provinces of these federations. Besides, the author covers the activity of the control bodies, order of registration and reporting by lobbyists of their professional activity, reveals pro and cons of the legal regulations of such institution as lobbying. In the article there is the list of information, which should be provided by lobbyists to the control bodies and the author correctly mentions that this list in USA is much wider, comparing to Canadian regulations. In the article the author reviews the liability for violations of lobbying legislation. In particular, in the USA the criminal liability is applied up to 5 years of imprisonment and financial penalties up to 200 thousand US dollars. Based on the USA and Canada experience the author reveals the key issues, which should be fixed by the legal regulations in the country and in particular: the clear definition of the lobbying and lobbyist, necessity of disclosure on the information about client and amounts paid, fixing in the control mechanisms and liability.

In this study, the author offers a very general review of banking legislation in Russia. The author discusses the main statutory acts which regulate banking activity and the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Bank of Russia). The author describes the Bank of Russia's functions. He concludes that, in modern market conditions, it is extremely important to develop civil regulation and reduce administrative regulation; however, he finds that, unfortunately, the Bank of Russia is still subject to administrative management. Considering the nature of the relationships between the Bank of Russia and private credit organizations, the author insists on the need for a partnership, forged on principles of dispositive regulation, between them. More generally, this work considers the problems of domestic financial regulation through the theoretical prism of free banking. Current Russian banking legislation only focuses on the creation of the best mechanism for the organization of credit and financial relationships. The author considers not only the requirements for state financial policy, but also the interests of private credit organizations, which serve as the engine of the financial market and strengthen the banking system as a whole. Until recently, many aspects of the Russian banking system have been a compromise between the old and new conceptions of the economy. For this reason, the upholding of free market ideas is essential in order to develop banking legal theory. The author criticizes the emerging tendency to reduce the role of liberal financial institutions, such as the increasing role of the Bank of Russia as a mega-regulator. Considering this, the author recommends the application of immediate counteractions against the above-described tendency and supports the strengthening of the independence of credit organizations. He emphasizes that this is the only approach to fully develop the existing banking system.

Монгольское нашествие XIII века воспринималось европейцами как приход народов Гога и Магога, предшествующий Апокалипсису. Автор сравнивает два описания «народов Гога и Магога», составленные посланными к монголам с дипломатической миссией францисканскими монахами, Плано Карпини и Рубруком. ; Europeans perceived the Mongol invasion of the XIII century like the advent of the peoples of Gog and Magog, preceding the Apocalypse. Author analyses 2 texts of European travelers at the Mongol (Tartaric) Empire (Giovanni da Pian del Carpine and Guillaume (William) de Rubruck). He tries to answers the question: "How did Europeans of the XIII century see the Mongols and their possible relationships?" He analyses the ideas and problems of travelers. He understands that both of authors went to the Tartary to preach, it was their main problem. Author finds the difference: Carpini wrote the military handbook to fight with Mongols, because he had wanted to protect Europe from there, but Rubruck wanted to spread influence of Catholic Church and to establish a mission. His text is practically a message to King Louis IX. Author understands that Carpini was afraid of Mongols and acted with discretion, but Rubruck is very self-confident and even rude to them. Author notices that Mongol threat, which had been very actual at Carpini's time, become invisible at Rubruck's time (10 years later). Author notices that Carpini had thematic order of the chapters (it resembles a military handbook), but Rubruck had chronological order (it resembles a diary). Author thinks that Carpini tried to give a systematic description of the Mongols to the European public, but Rubruck shared his personal impressions to King. Author adds that Mongols themselves to travelers treated equally. They took an interest in them as people to unusual, but it did not feel any respect for them.

The paper aims at showing the cultural and intellectual atmosphere the author brothe in the years of the Resistance movement. The author, who in that period was a partisan, vows that the Resistance movement will be studied in school in a way that show its capacities in stimulating youth trust in the future.

Intro -- Praise for Called Back -- Half Title -- By the Same Author -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Epigraphs -- Half Title -- 1. Diagnosis: news -- 2. Surgery: measure -- 3. Chemotherapy: feelings -- 4. Radiation: story -- CODA. Called Back: the voyage out -- Afterword to the 2021 Edition -- About the Author.

In this book, well-respected author Paul Spicker lends a complementary voice to his reclaiming individualism, reviewing collectivism as a dimension of political discourse. Taking a dispassionate and methodical approach, the author explores what collectivism means in social policy and what value it offers to the field.

Introduction -- Trait approach -- Skills approach -- Behavioral approach -- Situational approach -- Path?goal theory -- Leader?member exchange theory -- Transformational leadership -- Authentic leadership -- Servant leadership -- Adaptive leadership -- Followership -- Leadership ethics -- Team leadership -- Gender and leadership -- Culture and leadership -- Author index -- Subject index -- About the author -- About the contributors

Intro -- About the Author -- Other Books by This Author -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Introduction -- Chapter One - War and Our World -- Chapter Two - The Origins of War -- Chapter Three - War and the State -- Chapter Four - War and the Individual -- Chapter Five - Can There Be an End to War? -- Select Bibliography.

Jaime Manrique weaves into his own memoir the lives of three important twentieth-century Hispanic writers: the Argentine Manuel Puig, author of Kiss of the Spider Woman; the Cuban Reinaldo Arenas, author of Before Night Falls; and Spanish poet and playwright Federico García Lorca.

This paper is based on a talk the author delivered at the Witwatersrand Branch of the South African Institute of International Affairs at the Annual General Meeting held on 27 November 1990. The author is Director-General of the Department of Foreign Affairs in South Africa