Search results

An informative book focusing on the internationalisation and legalisation of peace agreements to settle intra-state conflicts between state and non-state parties. Cindy Wittke focuses on two key issues: how international courts and tribunals deal with peace agreements; and what implications the United Nations Security Council's involvement in the negotiation and implementation of peace agreements has for the agreements' legal nature, the status of the non-state parties to agreements and the interpretation of peace agreements. Wittke argues that the processes of negotiating and implementing peace agreements between state and non-state parties create new spheres, spaces and forms of post-conflict law making and law enforcement. For example, contemporary peace agreements can simultaneously take the form and function of internationalised transitional constitutions and agreements governed by international law. The resulting characteristics of contemporary peace agreement lead to permanent ambiguities shaping their interpretation and enforcement.

Presents an empirically grounded, Marxian rethinking of the history of socialism in the former USSR, arguing that the class structure that succeeded & failed there was a particular form of capitalism that alternated, from 1917 till its demise, between private & state capitalism. Soviet debates over state vs private control of enterprises, industrial policy, rural transformation, & several other facets of the twentieth-century Soviet economic structure are assessed, showing that various supposedly noncapitalist forms of power & property, including worker management & social ownership of productive property, were at times intact. It is concluded that the recent downfall of the Soviet state resulted from a failure of state capitalism to avoid the crises of surplus production & distribution that emerged in the 1970s. 42 References. W. Howard

The article is analyzing the organization of the off-hours time for employees in higher education institutions of Saratov in the 1920s. Based on original sources, the author reveals the main types of leisure of the teaching staff. In the period under review, a lot of the old, traditional still existed in the nonprofessional activities of lecturers, which, due to objective reasons of that time, underwent some changes. Since leisure remained an integral part of private life, it was impossible to completely abandon it, although in comparison with the pre-revolutionary period there was less and less space for it. The issues of the spiritual world, views on the surrounding reality, reflections on the life path of life and credo – all that faded into the background, the lecturers had to solve the acute issues of a half-starved existence, and sometimes to wage an actual struggle for survival. When comparing the leisure of scientists and the working class people, there is a difference in their quality content and in specific types of pastime. The main attention is focused on considering the factors that influenced changes in the forms of spending free time by scientists during the 1920s.

In den USA ist kürzlich ein Buch unter dem Titel "The Bell Curve" erschienen, das mit der Behauptung Aufsehen erregt, soziale Unterschiede, Kriminalität und Arbeitslosigkeit ließen sich durch verschiedene und niedrige Intelligenzquotienten erklären. Dabei sei Intelligenz weitgehend angeboren, und Schwarze seien nachweislich weniger intelligent als Weiße und Ostasiaten. Diese Renaissance eines psychometrisch begründeten Rassismus ist von den Autoren des Buches politisch beabsichtigt, was quellenkritisch nachgewiesen wird. In diesem Zuammenhang wird auf die Problematik interessengeleiteter finanzieller Wissenschaftsförderung aufmerksam gemacht. Die von den Autoren Herrnstein und Murray geforderten bildungspolitischen Maßnahmen werden ebenfalls geprüft. Es zeigt sich, daß eine Sozial- und Bildungspolitik, die auf fragwürdigen psychometrischen Daten aufbaut, sich wissenschaftlich nicht legitimieren läßt, und politische Interessen im Vordergrund stehen. (DIPF/Orig.) ; The US recently saw the publication of a book entitled "The Bell Curve" which made a great stir due to the authors' statement that social differences, criminality, and unemployment could be explained by differing and low intelligence quotients. Intelligence was largely inborn and blacks were demonstrably less intelligent than whites or East Asians. This renaissance of a psychometrically substantiated racism was politically calculated by the authors, as a critical study of the book's sources proves. In this context, the author draws attention to the problem of interest-guided financial sponsoring of science. Furthermore, the educational policy measures demanded by the book's authors, Herrnstein and Murray, are examined; it becomes apparent that their social and educational policy is based on questionable psychometric data, and can thus not be legitimized scientifically, and that political interests play a major role. (DIPF/Orig.)

"Second printing: July, 1948." ; Bibliographical foot-notes. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Sozialökologische Transformationen sind unumgänglich für die Sicherstellung existentieller Lebensgrundlagen und die Gestaltung einer zukunftsfähigen nachhaltigen Gesellschaft. Durch multiple Herausforderungen und Krisen ist die Soziale Arbeit immens gefordert, dieser grundlegenden Zielsetzung und ihrem normativen Anspruch gerecht zu werden. Der Bedarf an hoch qualifizierten Fachkräften mit professionsethischer Urteils- und Handlungskompetenz wächst drastisch. Katrin Rossmann argumentiert für eine fundierte Auseinandersetzung mit den Menschenrechten und analysiert den transformativen Ansatz der Menschenrechtsbildung angesichts von Global Citizenship Education in der Ausbildung von Sozialarbeiter*innen in Österreich. Sie zeigt, wie dringend notwendige Kompetenzen zur Bewältigung der zunehmend komplexen Berufspraxis entwickelt werden.

Sian Jones - orcid:0000-0002-2399-1017 orcid:0000-0002-2399-1017 ; Item previously deposited in Goldsmiths, University of London repository on 8 December 2015 at: http://research.gold.ac.uk/id/eprint/15269 ; Students studying at universities in England have been defined as customers by the government since the introduction of student tuition fees. Although this approach has been rejected by educators, there is a lack of empirical evidence about the extent to which students express a consumer orientation and its effects on academic performance. These issues were examined in the current study by surveying 608 undergraduates at higher education institutions in England about their consumer attitudes and behaviours in relation to their higher education, learner identity, and academic performance. The analysis revealed that consumer orientation mediated traditional relationships between learner identity, grade goal and academic performance, and found that a higher consumer orientation was associated with lower academic performance. Furthermore, responsibility for paying tuition fees and studying a Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics subject were associated with a higher consumer orientation and subsequently lower academic performance. Implications for academic performance are discussed. ; 42 ; pub ; pub ; 11

The term 'impact' is everywhere. Organizations and individuals want to fund projects for impact, measure impact, and showcase the impact of effort, expertise and financial investment, but clear definitions and understandings of what having an impact really means for people and institutions appear lacking or ad-hoc. This paper explores 'impact' in the areas of education and research into government practice. For governments, the impact agenda involves operating in increasingly tight fiscal environments with mounting pressure to articulate and demonstrate return on investment. For education providers, there are increasing calls to justify and prove why investment in education is an efficient and effective endeavor. For universities, this includes a shift from a traditional publication-focused research impact culture to a wider societal impact one that demonstrates direct and indirect benefits to society. This paper conceptualizes impact as a "puzzle" with many pieces, with education and research making up key pieces that can and need to fit together better. In doing so, the paper identifies four problem areas to help guide thinking toward clarity about what 'impact' entails. To aid collective progress in this space, we detail key issues facing the education and research sectors. Based on our analysis we arrive at a set of questions intended to help guide thinking and actions toward collectively increasing the ability to generate and demonstrate the impact of both into government practice and society at large.

The unfortunate attacks of 9/11 forced the government to reform madrassah education programs. The aim of this article is to discuss the reform and its results and points of view, as well as the reaction of the Islamic seminaries toward these madrassah reforms.

Illegality does not necessarily breed violence. The relationship between illicit markets and violence depends on institutions of protection. When state-sponsored protection rackets form, illicit markets can be peaceful. Conversely, the breakdown of state-sponsored protection rackets, which may result from well-meaning policy reforms intended to reduce corruption and improve law enforcement, can lead to violence. The cases of drug trafficking in contemporary Mexico and Colombia show how a focus on the emergence and breakdown of state-sponsored protection rackets helps explain variation in levels of violence both within and across illicit markets. (Colombia Internacional/GIGA)

IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC) (2019. Hanoi, Vietnam) ; This work has been partially supported by: the EACEA, Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency from the European Commission, under Erasmus + Programme, Grant No. 574442-EPP-1-2016-1-ESEPPKA1-JMD-MOB, EMJMD STEPS; the Government of the Principality of Asturias, Spain, under Grant No. FC-GRUPIN-IDI/2018/000241; and by FCT Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology under Project UID/MULTI/00308/2019.